wip

apps/companion/main/preload.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } from 'electron';
-import type { HostedSessionConfig } from '../../../packages/domain/entities/HostedSessionConfig';
+import type { HostedSessionConfig } from '../../../packages/automation/domain/types/HostedSessionConfig';
 import type { AuthenticationState } from '../../../packages/domain/value-objects/AuthenticationState';
 
 export interface AuthStatusEvent {

apps/website/components/leagues/CreateLeagueWizard.tsx

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ function createDefaultForm(): LeagueConfigFormModel {
       sessionCount: 2,
       roundsPlanned: 8,
       // Default to Saturday races, weekly, starting next week
-      weekdays: ['Sat'] as import('@gridpilot/racing/domain/value-objects/Weekday').Weekday[],
+      weekdays: ['Sat'] as import('@gridpilot/racing/domain/types/Weekday').Weekday[],
       recurrenceStrategy: 'weekly' as const,
       raceStartTime: '20:00',
       timezoneId: 'UTC',

apps/website/components/leagues/LeagueTimingsSection.tsx

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import type {
   LeagueConfigFormModel,
   LeagueSchedulePreviewDTO,
 } from '@gridpilot/racing/application';
-import type { Weekday } from '@gridpilot/racing/domain/value-objects/Weekday';
+import type { Weekday } from '@gridpilot/racing/domain/types/Weekday';
 import Input from '@/components/ui/Input';
 import RangeField from '@/components/ui/RangeField';
 

apps/website/lib/presenters/LeagueFullConfigPresenter.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { DropScorePolicy } from '@gridpilot/racing/domain/value-objects/DropScorePolicy';
+import type { DropScorePolicy } from '@gridpilot/racing/domain/types/DropScorePolicy';
 import type {
   ILeagueFullConfigPresenter,
   LeagueFullConfigData,

apps/website/lib/presenters/LeagueScoringConfigPresenter.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import type { ChampionshipConfig } from '@gridpilot/racing/domain/value-objects/ChampionshipConfig';
-import type { BonusRule } from '@gridpilot/racing/domain/value-objects/BonusRule';
+import type { ChampionshipConfig } from '@gridpilot/racing/domain/types/ChampionshipConfig';
+import type { BonusRule } from '@gridpilot/racing/domain/types/BonusRule';
 import type {
   ILeagueScoringConfigPresenter,
   LeagueScoringConfigData,

packages/analytics/application/use-cases/GetEntityAnalyticsQuery.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 /**
  * Query: GetEntityAnalyticsQuery
- * 
+ *
  * Retrieves analytics data for an entity (league, driver, team, race).
  * Returns metrics formatted for display to sponsors and admins.
  */
 
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 import type { IPageViewRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IPageViewRepository';
 import type { IEngagementRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IEngagementRepository';
 import type { IAnalyticsSnapshotRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IAnalyticsSnapshotRepository';
-import type { EntityType } from '../../domain/entities/PageView';
-import type { SnapshotPeriod } from '../../domain/entities/AnalyticsSnapshot';
+import type { EntityType } from '../../domain/types/PageView';
+import type { SnapshotPeriod } from '../../domain/types/AnalyticsSnapshot';
 
 export interface GetEntityAnalyticsInput {
   entityType: EntityType;
@@ -41,7 +42,8 @@ export interface EntityAnalyticsOutput {
   };
 }
 
-export class GetEntityAnalyticsQuery {
+export class GetEntityAnalyticsQuery
+  implements AsyncUseCase<GetEntityAnalyticsInput, EntityAnalyticsOutput> {
   constructor(
     private readonly pageViewRepository: IPageViewRepository,
     private readonly engagementRepository: IEngagementRepository,

packages/analytics/application/use-cases/RecordEngagementUseCase.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 /**
  * Use Case: RecordEngagementUseCase
- * 
+ *
  * Records an engagement event when a visitor interacts with an entity.
  */
 
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 import { EngagementEvent, type EngagementAction, type EngagementEntityType } from '../../domain/entities/EngagementEvent';
 import type { IEngagementRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IEngagementRepository';
 
@@ -22,7 +23,8 @@ export interface RecordEngagementOutput {
   engagementWeight: number;
 }
 
-export class RecordEngagementUseCase {
+export class RecordEngagementUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<RecordEngagementInput, RecordEngagementOutput> {
   constructor(private readonly engagementRepository: IEngagementRepository) {}
 
   async execute(input: RecordEngagementInput): Promise<RecordEngagementOutput> {

packages/analytics/application/use-cases/RecordPageViewUseCase.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 /**
  * Use Case: RecordPageViewUseCase
- * 
+ *
  * Records a page view event when a visitor accesses an entity page.
  */
-
-import { PageView, type EntityType, type VisitorType } from '../../domain/entities/PageView';
+ 
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
+import { PageView } from '../../domain/entities/PageView';
+import type { EntityType, VisitorType } from '../../domain/types/PageView';
 import type { IPageViewRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IPageViewRepository';
 
 export interface RecordPageViewInput {
@@ -22,7 +24,8 @@ export interface RecordPageViewOutput {
   pageViewId: string;
 }
 
-export class RecordPageViewUseCase {
+export class RecordPageViewUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<RecordPageViewInput, RecordPageViewOutput> {
   constructor(private readonly pageViewRepository: IPageViewRepository) {}
 
   async execute(input: RecordPageViewInput): Promise<RecordPageViewOutput> {

packages/analytics/domain/entities/AnalyticsSnapshot.ts

@@ -1,52 +1,34 @@
 /**
  * Domain Entity: AnalyticsSnapshot
- * 
+ *
  * Aggregated analytics data for a specific entity over a time period.
  * Pre-calculated metrics for sponsor dashboard and entity analytics.
  */
 
-export type SnapshotPeriod = 'daily' | 'weekly' | 'monthly';
-export type SnapshotEntityType = 'league' | 'driver' | 'team' | 'race' | 'sponsor';
+import type { IEntity } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+import type {
+  AnalyticsSnapshotProps,
+  AnalyticsMetrics,
+  SnapshotEntityType,
+  SnapshotPeriod,
+} from '../types/AnalyticsSnapshot';
+import { AnalyticsEntityId } from '../value-objects/AnalyticsEntityId';
 
-export interface AnalyticsMetrics {
-  pageViews: number;
-  uniqueVisitors: number;
-  avgSessionDuration: number;
-  bounceRate: number;
-  engagementScore: number;
-  sponsorClicks: number;
-  sponsorUrlClicks: number;
-  socialShares: number;
-  leagueJoins: number;
-  raceRegistrations: number;
-  exposureValue: number;
-}
-
-export interface AnalyticsSnapshotProps {
-  id: string;
-  entityType: SnapshotEntityType;
-  entityId: string;
-  period: SnapshotPeriod;
-  startDate: Date;
-  endDate: Date;
-  metrics: AnalyticsMetrics;
-  createdAt: Date;
-}
-
-export class AnalyticsSnapshot {
+export class AnalyticsSnapshot implements IEntity<string> {
   readonly id: string;
   readonly entityType: SnapshotEntityType;
-  readonly entityId: string;
   readonly period: SnapshotPeriod;
   readonly startDate: Date;
   readonly endDate: Date;
   readonly metrics: AnalyticsMetrics;
   readonly createdAt: Date;
 
+  private readonly entityIdVo: AnalyticsEntityId;
+
   private constructor(props: AnalyticsSnapshotProps) {
     this.id = props.id;
     this.entityType = props.entityType;
-    this.entityId = props.entityId;
+    this.entityIdVo = AnalyticsEntityId.create(props.entityId);
     this.period = props.period;
     this.startDate = props.startDate;
     this.endDate = props.endDate;
@@ -54,6 +36,10 @@ export class AnalyticsSnapshot {
     this.createdAt = props.createdAt;
   }
 
+  get entityId(): string {
+    return this.entityIdVo.value;
+  }
+
   static create(props: Omit<AnalyticsSnapshotProps, 'createdAt'> & { createdAt?: Date }): AnalyticsSnapshot {
     this.validate(props);
 

packages/analytics/domain/entities/EngagementEvent.ts

@@ -1,51 +1,35 @@
 /**
  * Domain Entity: EngagementEvent
- * 
+ *
  * Represents user interactions beyond page views.
  * Tracks clicks, downloads, sign-ups, and other engagement actions.
  */
 
-export type EngagementAction = 
-  | 'click_sponsor_logo'
-  | 'click_sponsor_url'
-  | 'download_livery_pack'
-  | 'join_league'
-  | 'register_race'
-  | 'view_standings'
-  | 'view_schedule'
-  | 'share_social'
-  | 'contact_sponsor';
+import type { IEntity } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+import type {
+  EngagementAction,
+  EngagementEntityType,
+  EngagementEventProps,
+} from '../types/EngagementEvent';
+import { AnalyticsEntityId } from '../value-objects/AnalyticsEntityId';
 
-export type EngagementEntityType = 'league' | 'driver' | 'team' | 'race' | 'sponsor' | 'sponsorship';
-
-export interface EngagementEventProps {
-  id: string;
-  action: EngagementAction;
-  entityType: EngagementEntityType;
-  entityId: string;
-  actorId?: string;
-  actorType: 'anonymous' | 'driver' | 'sponsor';
-  sessionId: string;
-  metadata?: Record<string, string | number | boolean>;
-  timestamp: Date;
-}
-
-export class EngagementEvent {
+export class EngagementEvent implements IEntity<string> {
   readonly id: string;
   readonly action: EngagementAction;
   readonly entityType: EngagementEntityType;
-  readonly entityId: string;
   readonly actorId?: string;
   readonly actorType: 'anonymous' | 'driver' | 'sponsor';
   readonly sessionId: string;
   readonly metadata?: Record<string, string | number | boolean>;
   readonly timestamp: Date;
 
+  private readonly entityIdVo: AnalyticsEntityId;
+
   private constructor(props: EngagementEventProps) {
     this.id = props.id;
     this.action = props.action;
     this.entityType = props.entityType;
-    this.entityId = props.entityId;
+    this.entityIdVo = AnalyticsEntityId.create(props.entityId);
     this.actorId = props.actorId;
     this.actorType = props.actorType;
     this.sessionId = props.sessionId;
@@ -53,6 +37,10 @@ export class EngagementEvent {
     this.timestamp = props.timestamp;
   }
 
+  get entityId(): string {
+    return this.entityIdVo.value;
+  }
+
   static create(props: Omit<EngagementEventProps, 'timestamp'> & { timestamp?: Date }): EngagementEvent {
     this.validate(props);
 

packages/analytics/domain/entities/PageView.ts

@@ -1,47 +1,37 @@
 /**
  * Domain Entity: PageView
- * 
+ *
  * Represents a single page view event for analytics tracking.
  * Captures visitor interactions with leagues, drivers, teams, races.
  */
 
-export type EntityType = 'league' | 'driver' | 'team' | 'race' | 'sponsor';
-export type VisitorType = 'anonymous' | 'driver' | 'sponsor';
+import type { IEntity } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+import type { EntityType, VisitorType, PageViewProps } from '../types/PageView';
+import { AnalyticsEntityId } from '../value-objects/AnalyticsEntityId';
+import { AnalyticsSessionId } from '../value-objects/AnalyticsSessionId';
+import { PageViewId } from '../value-objects/PageViewId';
 
-export interface PageViewProps {
-  id: string;
-  entityType: EntityType;
-  entityId: string;
-  visitorId?: string;
-  visitorType: VisitorType;
-  sessionId: string;
-  referrer?: string;
-  userAgent?: string;
-  country?: string;
-  timestamp: Date;
-  durationMs?: number;
-}
-
-export class PageView {
-  readonly id: string;
+export class PageView implements IEntity<string> {
   readonly entityType: EntityType;
-  readonly entityId: string;
   readonly visitorId?: string;
   readonly visitorType: VisitorType;
-  readonly sessionId: string;
   readonly referrer?: string;
   readonly userAgent?: string;
   readonly country?: string;
   readonly timestamp: Date;
   readonly durationMs?: number;
 
+  private readonly idVo: PageViewId;
+  private readonly entityIdVo: AnalyticsEntityId;
+  private readonly sessionIdVo: AnalyticsSessionId;
+
   private constructor(props: PageViewProps) {
-    this.id = props.id;
+    this.idVo = PageViewId.create(props.id);
     this.entityType = props.entityType;
-    this.entityId = props.entityId;
+    this.entityIdVo = AnalyticsEntityId.create(props.entityId);
     this.visitorId = props.visitorId;
     this.visitorType = props.visitorType;
-    this.sessionId = props.sessionId;
+    this.sessionIdVo = AnalyticsSessionId.create(props.sessionId);
     this.referrer = props.referrer;
     this.userAgent = props.userAgent;
     this.country = props.country;
@@ -49,6 +39,18 @@ export class PageView {
     this.durationMs = props.durationMs;
   }
 
+  get id(): string {
+    return this.idVo.value;
+  }
+
+  get entityId(): string {
+    return this.entityIdVo.value;
+  }
+
+  get sessionId(): string {
+    return this.sessionIdVo.value;
+  }
+
   static create(props: Omit<PageViewProps, 'timestamp'> & { timestamp?: Date }): PageView {
     this.validate(props);
 

packages/analytics/domain/types/AnalyticsSnapshot.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+ * Domain Types: AnalyticsSnapshot
+ *
+ * Pure type/config definitions used by the AnalyticsSnapshot entity.
+ * Kept in domain/types so domain/entities contains only entity classes.
+ */
+
+export type SnapshotPeriod = 'daily' | 'weekly' | 'monthly';
+
+export type SnapshotEntityType = 'league' | 'driver' | 'team' | 'race' | 'sponsor';
+
+export interface AnalyticsMetrics {
+  pageViews: number;
+  uniqueVisitors: number;
+  avgSessionDuration: number;
+  bounceRate: number;
+  engagementScore: number;
+  sponsorClicks: number;
+  sponsorUrlClicks: number;
+  socialShares: number;
+  leagueJoins: number;
+  raceRegistrations: number;
+  exposureValue: number;
+}
+
+export interface AnalyticsSnapshotProps {
+  id: string;
+  entityType: SnapshotEntityType;
+  entityId: string;
+  period: SnapshotPeriod;
+  startDate: Date;
+  endDate: Date;
+  metrics: AnalyticsMetrics;
+  createdAt: Date;
+}

packages/analytics/domain/types/EngagementEvent.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+ * Domain Types: EngagementEvent
+ *
+ * Pure type/config definitions used by the EngagementEvent entity.
+ * Kept in domain/types so domain/entities contains only entity classes.
+ */
+
+export type EngagementAction =
+  | 'click_sponsor_logo'
+  | 'click_sponsor_url'
+  | 'download_livery_pack'
+  | 'join_league'
+  | 'register_race'
+  | 'view_standings'
+  | 'view_schedule'
+  | 'share_social'
+  | 'contact_sponsor';
+
+export type EngagementEntityType =
+  | 'league'
+  | 'driver'
+  | 'team'
+  | 'race'
+  | 'sponsor'
+  | 'sponsorship';
+
+export interface EngagementEventProps {
+  id: string;
+  action: EngagementAction;
+  entityType: EngagementEntityType;
+  entityId: string;
+  actorId?: string;
+  actorType: 'anonymous' | 'driver' | 'sponsor';
+  sessionId: string;
+  metadata?: Record<string, string | number | boolean>;
+  timestamp: Date;
+}

packages/analytics/domain/types/PageView.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * Domain Types: PageView
+ *
+ * Pure type/config definitions used by the PageView entity.
+ * Kept in domain/types so domain/entities contains only entity classes.
+ */
+
+export type EntityType = 'league' | 'driver' | 'team' | 'race' | 'sponsor';
+
+export type VisitorType = 'anonymous' | 'driver' | 'sponsor';
+
+export interface PageViewProps {
+  id: string;
+  entityType: EntityType;
+  entityId: string;
+  visitorId?: string;
+  visitorType: VisitorType;
+  sessionId: string;
+  referrer?: string;
+  userAgent?: string;
+  country?: string;
+  timestamp: Date;
+  durationMs?: number;
+}

packages/analytics/domain/value-objects/AnalyticsEntityId.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { AnalyticsEntityId } from './AnalyticsEntityId';
+
+describe('AnalyticsEntityId', () => {
+  it('creates a valid AnalyticsEntityId from a non-empty string', () => {
+    const id = AnalyticsEntityId.create('entity_123');
+
+    expect(id.value).toBe('entity_123');
+  });
+
+  it('trims whitespace from the raw value', () => {
+    const id = AnalyticsEntityId.create('   entity_456   ');
+
+    expect(id.value).toBe('entity_456');
+  });
+
+  it('throws for empty or whitespace-only strings', () => {
+    expect(() => AnalyticsEntityId.create('')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => AnalyticsEntityId.create('   ')).toThrow(Error);
+  });
+
+  it('compares equality based on underlying value', () => {
+    const a = AnalyticsEntityId.create('entity_1');
+    const b = AnalyticsEntityId.create('entity_1');
+    const c = AnalyticsEntityId.create('entity_2');
+
+    expect(a.equals(b)).toBe(true);
+    expect(a.equals(c)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

packages/analytics/domain/value-objects/AnalyticsEntityId.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+
+export interface AnalyticsEntityIdProps {
+  value: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Value Object: AnalyticsEntityId
+ *
+ * Represents the ID of an entity (league, driver, team, race, sponsor)
+ * within the analytics bounded context.
+ */
+export class AnalyticsEntityId implements IValueObject<AnalyticsEntityIdProps> {
+  public readonly props: AnalyticsEntityIdProps;
+
+  private constructor(value: string) {
+    this.props = { value };
+  }
+
+  static create(raw: string): AnalyticsEntityId {
+    const value = raw.trim();
+
+    if (!value) {
+      throw new Error('AnalyticsEntityId must be a non-empty string');
+    }
+
+    return new AnalyticsEntityId(value);
+  }
+
+  get value(): string {
+    return this.props.value;
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<AnalyticsEntityIdProps>): boolean {
+    return this.props.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+}

packages/analytics/domain/value-objects/AnalyticsSessionId.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { AnalyticsSessionId } from './AnalyticsSessionId';
+
+describe('AnalyticsSessionId', () => {
+  it('creates a valid AnalyticsSessionId from a non-empty string', () => {
+    const id = AnalyticsSessionId.create('session_123');
+
+    expect(id.value).toBe('session_123');
+  });
+
+  it('trims whitespace from the raw value', () => {
+    const id = AnalyticsSessionId.create('   session_456   ');
+
+    expect(id.value).toBe('session_456');
+  });
+
+  it('throws for empty or whitespace-only strings', () => {
+    expect(() => AnalyticsSessionId.create('')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => AnalyticsSessionId.create('   ')).toThrow(Error);
+  });
+
+  it('compares equality based on underlying value', () => {
+    const a = AnalyticsSessionId.create('session_1');
+    const b = AnalyticsSessionId.create('session_1');
+    const c = AnalyticsSessionId.create('session_2');
+
+    expect(a.equals(b)).toBe(true);
+    expect(a.equals(c)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

packages/analytics/domain/value-objects/AnalyticsSessionId.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+
+export interface AnalyticsSessionIdProps {
+  value: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Value Object: AnalyticsSessionId
+ *
+ * Represents an analytics session identifier within the analytics bounded context.
+ */
+export class AnalyticsSessionId implements IValueObject<AnalyticsSessionIdProps> {
+  public readonly props: AnalyticsSessionIdProps;
+
+  private constructor(value: string) {
+    this.props = { value };
+  }
+
+  static create(raw: string): AnalyticsSessionId {
+    const value = raw.trim();
+
+    if (!value) {
+      throw new Error('AnalyticsSessionId must be a non-empty string');
+    }
+
+    return new AnalyticsSessionId(value);
+  }
+
+  get value(): string {
+    return this.props.value;
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<AnalyticsSessionIdProps>): boolean {
+    return this.props.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+}

packages/analytics/domain/value-objects/PageViewId.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { PageViewId } from './PageViewId';
+
+describe('PageViewId', () => {
+  it('creates a valid PageViewId from a non-empty string', () => {
+    const id = PageViewId.create('pv_123');
+
+    expect(id.value).toBe('pv_123');
+  });
+
+  it('trims whitespace from the raw value', () => {
+    const id = PageViewId.create('   pv_456   ');
+
+    expect(id.value).toBe('pv_456');
+  });
+
+  it('throws for empty or whitespace-only strings', () => {
+    expect(() => PageViewId.create('')).toThrow(Error);
+    expect(() => PageViewId.create('   ')).toThrow(Error);
+  });
+
+  it('compares equality based on underlying value', () => {
+    const a = PageViewId.create('pv_1');
+    const b = PageViewId.create('pv_1');
+    const c = PageViewId.create('pv_2');
+
+    expect(a.equals(b)).toBe(true);
+    expect(a.equals(c)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

packages/analytics/domain/value-objects/PageViewId.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+
+export interface PageViewIdProps {
+  value: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Value Object: PageViewId
+ *
+ * Represents the identifier of a PageView within the analytics bounded context.
+ */
+export class PageViewId implements IValueObject<PageViewIdProps> {
+  public readonly props: PageViewIdProps;
+
+  private constructor(value: string) {
+    this.props = { value };
+  }
+
+  static create(raw: string): PageViewId {
+    const value = raw.trim();
+
+    if (!value) {
+      throw new Error('PageViewId must be a non-empty string');
+    }
+
+    return new PageViewId(value);
+  }
+
+  get value(): string {
+    return this.props.value;
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<PageViewIdProps>): boolean {
+    return this.props.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+}

packages/automation/application/dto/SessionDTO.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { HostedSessionConfig } from '../../domain/entities/HostedSessionConfig';
+import type { HostedSessionConfig } from '../../domain/types/HostedSessionConfig';
 
 export interface SessionDTO {
   sessionId: string;

packages/automation/application/ports/AutomationEnginePort.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { HostedSessionConfig } from '../../domain/entities/HostedSessionConfig';
+import type { HostedSessionConfig } from '../../domain/types/HostedSessionConfig';
 import { StepId } from '../../domain/value-objects/StepId';
 import type { AutomationEngineValidationResultDTO } from '../dto/AutomationEngineValidationResultDTO';
 

packages/automation/application/services/OverlaySyncService.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { OverlaySyncPort, OverlayAction, ActionAck } from '../ports/OverlaySyncP
 import { AutomationEventPublisherPort, AutomationEvent } from '../ports/AutomationEventPublisherPort';
 import { IAutomationLifecycleEmitter, LifecycleCallback } from '../../infrastructure/adapters/IAutomationLifecycleEmitter';
 import { LoggerPort } from '../ports/LoggerPort';
+import type { IAsyncApplicationService } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 
 type ConstructorArgs = {
   lifecycleEmitter: IAutomationLifecycleEmitter
@@ -13,7 +14,9 @@ type ConstructorArgs = {
   defaultTimeoutMs?: number
 }
 
-export class OverlaySyncService implements OverlaySyncPort {
+export class OverlaySyncService
+  implements OverlaySyncPort, IAsyncApplicationService<OverlayAction, ActionAck>
+{
   private lifecycleEmitter: IAutomationLifecycleEmitter
   private publisher: AutomationEventPublisherPort
   private logger: LoggerPort
@@ -32,6 +35,10 @@ export class OverlaySyncService implements OverlaySyncPort {
     this.defaultTimeoutMs = args.defaultTimeoutMs ?? 5000
   }
 
+  async execute(action: OverlayAction): Promise<ActionAck> {
+    return this.startAction(action)
+  }
+ 
   async startAction(action: OverlayAction): Promise<ActionAck> {
     const timeoutMs = action.timeoutMs ?? this.defaultTimeoutMs
     const seenEvents: AutomationEvent[] = []

packages/automation/application/use-cases/StartAutomationSessionUseCase.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 import { AutomationSession } from '../../domain/entities/AutomationSession';
-import { HostedSessionConfig } from '../../domain/entities/HostedSessionConfig';
+import type { HostedSessionConfig } from '../../domain/types/HostedSessionConfig';
 import { AutomationEnginePort } from '../ports/AutomationEnginePort';
 import type { IBrowserAutomation } from '../ports/ScreenAutomationPort';
 import { SessionRepositoryPort } from '../ports/SessionRepositoryPort';
 import type { SessionDTO } from '../dto/SessionDTO';
 
-export class StartAutomationSessionUseCase {
+export class StartAutomationSessionUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<HostedSessionConfig, SessionDTO> {
   constructor(
     private readonly automationEngine: AutomationEnginePort,
     private readonly browserAutomation: IBrowserAutomation,

packages/automation/domain/entities/AutomationSession.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import { randomUUID } from 'crypto';
+import type { IEntity } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
 import { StepId } from '../value-objects/StepId';
 import { SessionState } from '../value-objects/SessionState';
-import { HostedSessionConfig } from './HostedSessionConfig';
+import type { HostedSessionConfig } from '../types/HostedSessionConfig';
 import { AutomationDomainError } from '../errors/AutomationDomainError';
 
-export class AutomationSession {
+export class AutomationSession implements IEntity<string> {
   private readonly _id: string;
   private _currentStep: StepId;
   private _state: SessionState;

packages/automation/domain/entities/StepExecution.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
-import { StepId } from '../value-objects/StepId';
+import type { StepId } from '../value-objects/StepId';
 
+/**
+ * Domain Type: StepExecution
+ *
+ * Represents execution metadata for a single automation step.
+ * This is a pure data shape (DTO-like), not an entity or value object.
+ */
 export interface StepExecution {
   stepId: StepId;
   startedAt: Date;

packages/automation/domain/errors/AutomationDomainError.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,19 @@
-export class AutomationDomainError extends Error {
-  readonly name: string = 'AutomationDomainError';
+import type { IDomainError } from '@gridpilot/shared/errors';
 
-  constructor(message: string) {
+/**
+ * Domain Error: AutomationDomainError
+ *
+ * Implements the shared IDomainError contract for automation domain failures.
+ */
+export class AutomationDomainError extends Error implements IDomainError {
+  readonly name = 'AutomationDomainError';
+  readonly type = 'domain' as const;
+  readonly context = 'automation';
+  readonly kind: string;
+
+  constructor(message: string, kind: string = 'validation') {
     super(message);
+    this.kind = kind;
     Object.setPrototypeOf(this, new.target.prototype);
   }
 }

packages/automation/domain/services/PageStateValidator.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import type { IDomainValidationService } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
 import { Result } from '../../../shared/result/Result';
 
 /**
@@ -24,6 +25,12 @@ export interface PageStateValidationResult {
   unexpectedSelectors?: string[];
 }
 
+export interface PageStateValidationInput {
+  actualState: (selector: string) => boolean;
+  validation: PageStateValidation;
+  realMode?: boolean;
+}
+
 /**
  * Domain service for validating page state during wizard navigation.
  *
@@ -32,7 +39,18 @@ export interface PageStateValidationResult {
  * Clean Architecture: This is pure domain logic with no infrastructure dependencies.
  * It validates state based on selector presence/absence without knowing HOW to check them.
  */
-export class PageStateValidator {
+export class PageStateValidator
+  implements
+    IDomainValidationService<PageStateValidationInput, PageStateValidationResult, Error>
+{
+  validate(input: PageStateValidationInput): Result<PageStateValidationResult, Error> {
+    const { actualState, validation, realMode } = input;
+    if (typeof realMode === 'boolean') {
+      return this.validateStateEnhanced(actualState, validation, realMode);
+    }
+    return this.validateState(actualState, validation);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Validate that the page state matches expected conditions.
    *

packages/automation/domain/services/StepTransitionValidator.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,21 @@
 import { StepId } from '../value-objects/StepId';
 import { SessionState } from '../value-objects/SessionState';
+import type { IDomainValidationService } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+import { Result } from '../../../shared/result/Result';
 
 export interface ValidationResult {
   isValid: boolean;
   error?: string;
 }
 
+export interface StepTransitionValidationInput {
+  currentStep: StepId;
+  nextStep: StepId;
+  state: SessionState;
+}
+
+export interface StepTransitionValidationResult extends ValidationResult {}
+
 const STEP_DESCRIPTIONS: Record<number, string> = {
   1: 'Navigate to Hosted Racing page',
   2: 'Click Create a Race',
@@ -26,7 +36,23 @@ const STEP_DESCRIPTIONS: Record<number, string> = {
   17: 'Track Conditions (STOP - Manual Submit Required)',
 };
 
-export class StepTransitionValidator {
+export class StepTransitionValidator
+  implements
+    IDomainValidationService<StepTransitionValidationInput, StepTransitionValidationResult, Error>
+{
+  validate(input: StepTransitionValidationInput): Result<StepTransitionValidationResult, Error> {
+    try {
+      const { currentStep, nextStep, state } = input;
+      const result = StepTransitionValidator.canTransition(currentStep, nextStep, state);
+      return Result.ok(result);
+    } catch (error) {
+      return Result.err(
+        error instanceof Error
+          ? error
+          : new Error(`Step transition validation failed: ${String(error)}`),
+      );
+    }
+  }
   static canTransition(
     currentStep: StepId,
     nextStep: StepId,

packages/automation/domain/types/HostedSessionConfig.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+/**
+ * Domain Type: HostedSessionConfig
+ *
+ * Pure configuration shape for an iRacing hosted session.
+ * This is a DTO-like domain type, not a value object or entity.
+ */
 export interface HostedSessionConfig {
   sessionName: string;
   trackId: string;

packages/automation/domain/types/ScreenRegion.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/**
+ * Domain Types: ScreenRegion, Point, ElementLocation, LoginDetectionResult
+ *
+ * These are pure data shapes and helpers used across automation.
+ */
+
+export interface ScreenRegion {
+  x: number;
+  y: number;
+  width: number;
+  height: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Represents a point on the screen with x,y coordinates.
+ */
+export interface Point {
+  x: number;
+  y: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Represents the location of a detected UI element on screen.
+ * Contains the center point, bounding box, and confidence score.
+ */
+export interface ElementLocation {
+  center: Point;
+  bounds: ScreenRegion;
+  confidence: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Result of login state detection via screen recognition.
+ */
+export interface LoginDetectionResult {
+  isLoggedIn: boolean;
+  confidence: number;
+  detectedIndicators: string[];
+  error?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a ScreenRegion from coordinates.
+ */
+export function createScreenRegion(x: number, y: number, width: number, height: number): ScreenRegion {
+  return { x, y, width, height };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a Point from coordinates.
+ */
+export function createPoint(x: number, y: number): Point {
+  return { x, y };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculate the center point of a ScreenRegion.
+ */
+export function getRegionCenter(region: ScreenRegion): Point {
+  return {
+    x: region.x + Math.floor(region.width / 2),
+    y: region.y + Math.floor(region.height / 2),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a point is within a screen region.
+ */
+export function isPointInRegion(point: Point, region: ScreenRegion): boolean {
+  return (
+    point.x >= region.x &&
+    point.x <= region.x + region.width &&
+    point.y >= region.y &&
+    point.y <= region.y + region.height
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if two screen regions overlap.
+ */
+export function regionsOverlap(a: ScreenRegion, b: ScreenRegion): boolean {
+  return !(
+    a.x + a.width < b.x ||
+    b.x + b.width < a.x ||
+    a.y + a.height < b.y ||
+    b.y + b.height < a.y
+  );
+}

packages/automation/domain/value-objects/BrowserAuthenticationState.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 import { AuthenticationState } from './AuthenticationState';
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
 
-export class BrowserAuthenticationState {
+export interface BrowserAuthenticationStateProps {
+  cookiesValid: boolean;
+  pageAuthenticated: boolean;
+}
+
+export class BrowserAuthenticationState implements IValueObject<BrowserAuthenticationStateProps> {
   private readonly cookiesValid: boolean;
   private readonly pageAuthenticated: boolean;
 
@@ -36,4 +42,17 @@ export class BrowserAuthenticationState {
   getPageAuthenticationStatus(): boolean {
     return this.pageAuthenticated;
   }
+
+  get props(): BrowserAuthenticationStateProps {
+    return {
+      cookiesValid: this.cookiesValid,
+      pageAuthenticated: this.pageAuthenticated,
+    };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<BrowserAuthenticationStateProps>): boolean {
+    const a = this.props;
+    const b = other.props;
+    return a.cookiesValid === b.cookiesValid && a.pageAuthenticated === b.pageAuthenticated;
+  }
 }

packages/automation/domain/value-objects/CheckoutPrice.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-export class CheckoutPrice {
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+
+export interface CheckoutPriceProps {
+  amountUsd: number;
+}
+
+export class CheckoutPrice implements IValueObject<CheckoutPriceProps> {
   private constructor(private readonly amountUsd: number) {
     if (amountUsd < 0) {
       throw new Error('Price cannot be negative');
@@ -54,4 +60,14 @@ export class CheckoutPrice {
   isZero(): boolean {
     return this.amountUsd < 0.001;
   }
+
+  get props(): CheckoutPriceProps {
+    return {
+      amountUsd: this.amountUsd,
+    };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<CheckoutPriceProps>): boolean {
+    return this.props.amountUsd === other.props.amountUsd;
+  }
 }

packages/automation/domain/value-objects/SessionLifetime.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,14 @@
  * Represents the lifetime of an authentication session with expiry tracking.
  * Handles validation of session expiry dates with a configurable buffer window.
  */
-export class SessionLifetime {
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+
+export interface SessionLifetimeProps {
+  expiry: Date | null;
+  bufferMinutes: number;
+}
+
+export class SessionLifetime implements IValueObject<SessionLifetimeProps> {
   private readonly expiry: Date | null;
   private readonly bufferMinutes: number;
 
@@ -78,8 +85,23 @@ export class SessionLifetime {
     if (this.expiry === null) {
       return Infinity;
     }
-
+ 
     const remaining = this.expiry.getTime() - Date.now();
     return Math.max(0, remaining);
   }
+
+  get props(): SessionLifetimeProps {
+    return {
+      expiry: this.expiry,
+      bufferMinutes: this.bufferMinutes,
+    };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<SessionLifetimeProps>): boolean {
+    const a = this.props;
+    const b = other.props;
+    const aExpiry = a.expiry?.getTime() ?? null;
+    const bExpiry = b.expiry?.getTime() ?? null;
+    return aExpiry === bExpiry && a.bufferMinutes === b.bufferMinutes;
+  }
 }

packages/automation/domain/value-objects/SessionState.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+
 export type SessionStateValue =
   | 'PENDING'
   | 'IN_PROGRESS'
@@ -30,7 +32,11 @@ const VALID_TRANSITIONS: Record<SessionStateValue, SessionStateValue[]> = {
   CANCELLED: [],
 };
 
-export class SessionState {
+export interface SessionStateProps {
+  value: SessionStateValue;
+}
+
+export class SessionState implements IValueObject<SessionStateProps> {
   private readonly _value: SessionStateValue;
 
   private constructor(value: SessionStateValue) {
@@ -93,4 +99,12 @@ export class SessionState {
       this._value === 'CANCELLED'
     );
   }
+
+  get props(): SessionStateProps {
+    return { value: this._value };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<SessionStateProps>): boolean {
+    return this.props.value === other.props.value;
+  }
 }

packages/automation/domain/value-objects/StepId.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-export class StepId {
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+
+export interface StepIdProps {
+  value: number;
+}
+
+export class StepId implements IValueObject<StepIdProps> {
   private readonly _value: number;
 
   private constructor(value: number) {
@@ -37,4 +43,12 @@ export class StepId {
     }
     return StepId.create(this._value + 1);
   }
+
+  get props(): StepIdProps {
+    return { value: this._value };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<StepIdProps>): boolean {
+    return this.props.value === other.props.value;
+  }
 }

packages/automation/index.ts

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ export * from './domain/value-objects/ScreenRegion';
 export * from './domain/value-objects/SessionLifetime';
 export * from './domain/value-objects/SessionState';
 
-export * from './domain/entities/HostedSessionConfig';
-export * from './domain/entities/StepExecution';
 export * from './domain/entities/AutomationSession';
+export * from './domain/types/HostedSessionConfig';
+export * from './domain/entities/StepExecution';
 
 export * from './domain/services/PageStateValidator';
 export * from './domain/services/StepTransitionValidator';

packages/automation/infrastructure/adapters/automation/engine/AutomationEngineAdapter.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { AutomationEnginePort } from '../../../../application/ports/AutomationEnginePort';
-import { HostedSessionConfig } from '../../../../domain/entities/HostedSessionConfig';
+import type { HostedSessionConfig } from '../../../../domain/types/HostedSessionConfig';
 import { StepId } from '../../../../domain/value-objects/StepId';
 import type { IBrowserAutomation } from '../../../../application/ports/ScreenAutomationPort';
 import type { SessionRepositoryPort } from '../../../../application/ports/SessionRepositoryPort';

packages/automation/infrastructure/adapters/automation/engine/MockAutomationEngineAdapter.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { AutomationEnginePort } from '../../../../application/ports/AutomationEnginePort';
-import { HostedSessionConfig } from '../../../../domain/entities/HostedSessionConfig';
+import type { HostedSessionConfig } from '../../../../domain/types/HostedSessionConfig';
 import { StepId } from '../../../../domain/value-objects/StepId';
 import type { IBrowserAutomation } from '../../../../application/ports/ScreenAutomationPort';
 import type { SessionRepositoryPort } from '../../../../application/ports/SessionRepositoryPort';

packages/identity/domain/entities/Achievement.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 /**
  * Domain Entity: Achievement
- * 
+ *
  * Represents an achievement that can be earned by users.
  * Achievements are categorized by role (driver, steward, admin) and type.
  */
 
+import type { IEntity } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+
 export type AchievementCategory = 'driver' | 'steward' | 'admin' | 'community';
 
 export type AchievementRarity = 'common' | 'uncommon' | 'rare' | 'epic' | 'legendary';
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ export interface AchievementRequirement {
   operator: '>=' | '>' | '=' | '<' | '<=';
 }
 
-export class Achievement {
+export class Achievement implements IEntity<string> {
   readonly id: string;
   readonly name: string;
   readonly description: string;

packages/identity/domain/entities/SponsorAccount.ts

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
  */
 
 import { UserId } from '../value-objects/UserId';
-import type { EmailValidationResult } from '../value-objects/EmailAddress';
-import { validateEmail } from '../value-objects/EmailAddress';
+import type { EmailValidationResult } from '../types/EmailAddress';
+import { validateEmail } from '../types/EmailAddress';
 
 export interface SponsorAccountProps {
   id: UserId;

packages/identity/domain/entities/User.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import type { EmailValidationResult } from '../value-objects/EmailAddress';
-import { validateEmail } from '../value-objects/EmailAddress';
+import type { EmailValidationResult } from '../types/EmailAddress';
+import { validateEmail } from '../types/EmailAddress';
 import { UserId } from '../value-objects/UserId';
 
 export interface UserProps {

packages/identity/domain/entities/UserAchievement.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 /**
  * Domain Entity: UserAchievement
- * 
+ *
  * Represents an achievement earned by a specific user.
  */
 
+import type { IEntity } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+
 export interface UserAchievementProps {
   id: string;
   userId: string;
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ export interface UserAchievementProps {
   progress?: number; // For partial progress tracking (0-100)
 }
 
-export class UserAchievement {
+export class UserAchievement implements IEntity<string> {
   readonly id: string;
   readonly userId: string;
   readonly achievementId: string;

packages/identity/domain/types/EmailAddress.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+/**
+ * Core email validation schema and helper types.
+ * Kept in domain/types so domain/value-objects can host the EmailAddress VO class.
+ */
+export const emailSchema = z
+  .string()
+  .trim()
+  .toLowerCase()
+  .min(6, 'Email too short')
+  .max(254, 'Email too long')
+  .email('Invalid email format');
+
+export type EmailValidationSuccess = {
+  success: true;
+  email: string;
+  error?: undefined;
+};
+
+export type EmailValidationFailure = {
+  success: false;
+  email?: undefined;
+  error: string;
+};
+
+export type EmailValidationResult = EmailValidationSuccess | EmailValidationFailure;
+
+/**
+ * Validate and normalize an email address.
+ * Mirrors the previous apps/website/lib/email-validation.ts behavior.
+ */
+export function validateEmail(email: string): EmailValidationResult {
+  const result = emailSchema.safeParse(email);
+
+  if (result.success) {
+    return {
+      success: true,
+      email: result.data,
+    };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    success: false,
+    error: result.error.errors[0]?.message || 'Invalid email',
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Basic disposable email detection.
+ * This list matches the previous website-local implementation and
+ * can be extended in the future without changing the public API.
+ */
+export const DISPOSABLE_DOMAINS = new Set<string>([
+  'tempmail.com',
+  'throwaway.email',
+  'guerrillamail.com',
+  'mailinator.com',
+  '10minutemail.com',
+]);
+
+export function isDisposableEmail(email: string): boolean {
+  const domain = email.split('@')[1]?.toLowerCase();
+  return domain ? DISPOSABLE_DOMAINS.has(domain) : false;
+}

packages/identity/domain/value-objects/EmailAddress.ts

@@ -1,64 +1,48 @@
-import { z } from 'zod';
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+import type { EmailValidationResult } from '../types/EmailAddress';
+import { validateEmail, isDisposableEmail } from '../types/EmailAddress';
 
-/**
- * Core email validation schema
- */
-export const emailSchema = z
-  .string()
-  .trim()
-  .toLowerCase()
-  .min(6, 'Email too short')
-  .max(254, 'Email too long')
-  .email('Invalid email format');
-
-export type EmailValidationSuccess = {
-  success: true;
-  email: string;
-  error?: undefined;
-};
-
-export type EmailValidationFailure = {
-  success: false;
-  email?: undefined;
-  error: string;
-};
-
-export type EmailValidationResult = EmailValidationSuccess | EmailValidationFailure;
-
-/**
- * Validate and normalize an email address.
- * Mirrors the previous apps/website/lib/email-validation.ts behavior.
- */
-export function validateEmail(email: string): EmailValidationResult {
-  const result = emailSchema.safeParse(email);
-
-  if (result.success) {
-    return {
-      success: true,
-      email: result.data,
-    };
-  }
-
-  return {
-    success: false,
-    error: result.error.errors[0]?.message || 'Invalid email',
-  };
+export interface EmailAddressProps {
+  value: string;
 }
 
 /**
- * Basic disposable email detection.
- * This list matches the previous website-local implementation and
- * can be extended in the future without changing the public API.
+ * Value Object: EmailAddress
+ *
+ * Wraps a validated, normalized email string and provides equality semantics.
+ * Validation and helper utilities live in domain/types/EmailAddress.
  */
-export const DISPOSABLE_DOMAINS = new Set<string>([
-  'tempmail.com',
-  'throwaway.email',
-  'guerrillamail.com',
-  'mailinator.com',
-  '10minutemail.com',
-]);
+export class EmailAddress implements IValueObject<EmailAddressProps> {
+  public readonly props: EmailAddressProps;
 
-export function isDisposableEmail(email: string): boolean {
-  const domain = email.split('@')[1]?.toLowerCase();
-  return domain ? DISPOSABLE_DOMAINS.has(domain) : false;
-}
+  private constructor(value: string) {
+    this.props = { value };
+  }
+
+  static create(raw: string): EmailAddress {
+    const result: EmailValidationResult = validateEmail(raw);
+    if (!result.success) {
+      throw new Error(result.error);
+    }
+    return new EmailAddress(result.email);
+  }
+
+  static fromValidated(value: string): EmailAddress {
+    return new EmailAddress(value);
+  }
+
+  get value(): string {
+    return this.props.value;
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<EmailAddressProps>): boolean {
+    return this.props.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+
+  isDisposable(): boolean {
+    return isDisposableEmail(this.props.value);
+  }
+}
+
+export type { EmailValidationResult } from '../types/EmailAddress';
+export { validateEmail, isDisposableEmail } from '../types/EmailAddress';

packages/identity/domain/value-objects/UserId.ts

@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
-export class UserId {
-  private readonly value: string;
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+
+export interface UserIdProps {
+  value: string;
+}
+
+export class UserId implements IValueObject<UserIdProps> {
+  public readonly props: UserIdProps;
 
   private constructor(value: string) {
     if (!value || !value.trim()) {
       throw new Error('UserId cannot be empty');
     }
-    this.value = value;
+    this.props = { value };
   }
 
   public static fromString(value: string): UserId {
     return new UserId(value);
   }
 
-  public toString(): string {
-    return this.value;
+  get value(): string {
+    return this.props.value;
   }
 
-  public equals(other: UserId): boolean {
-    return this.value === other.value;
+  public toString(): string {
+    return this.props.value;
+  }
+
+  public equals(other: IValueObject<UserIdProps>): boolean {
+    return this.props.value === other.props.value;
   }
 }

packages/identity/domain/value-objects/UserRating.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+
 /**
  * Value Object: UserRating
- * 
+ *
  * Multi-dimensional rating system for users covering:
  * - Driver skill: racing ability, lap times, consistency
  * - Admin competence: league management, event organization
@@ -37,27 +39,47 @@ const DEFAULT_DIMENSION: RatingDimension = {
   lastUpdated: new Date(),
 };
 
-export class UserRating {
-  readonly userId: string;
-  readonly driver: RatingDimension;
-  readonly admin: RatingDimension;
-  readonly steward: RatingDimension;
-  readonly trust: RatingDimension;
-  readonly fairness: RatingDimension;
-  readonly overallReputation: number;
-  readonly createdAt: Date;
-  readonly updatedAt: Date;
+export class UserRating implements IValueObject<UserRatingProps> {
+  readonly props: UserRatingProps;
 
   private constructor(props: UserRatingProps) {
-    this.userId = props.userId;
-    this.driver = props.driver;
-    this.admin = props.admin;
-    this.steward = props.steward;
-    this.trust = props.trust;
-    this.fairness = props.fairness;
-    this.overallReputation = props.overallReputation;
-    this.createdAt = props.createdAt;
-    this.updatedAt = props.updatedAt;
+    this.props = props;
+  }
+
+  get userId(): string {
+    return this.props.userId;
+  }
+
+  get driver(): RatingDimension {
+    return this.props.driver;
+  }
+
+  get admin(): RatingDimension {
+    return this.props.admin;
+  }
+
+  get steward(): RatingDimension {
+    return this.props.steward;
+  }
+
+  get trust(): RatingDimension {
+    return this.props.trust;
+  }
+
+  get fairness(): RatingDimension {
+    return this.props.fairness;
+  }
+
+  get overallReputation(): number {
+    return this.props.overallReputation;
+  }
+
+  get createdAt(): Date {
+    return this.props.createdAt;
+  }
+
+  get updatedAt(): Date {
+    return this.props.updatedAt;
   }
 
   static create(userId: string): UserRating {
@@ -83,6 +105,10 @@ export class UserRating {
     return new UserRating(props);
   }
 
+  equals(other: IValueObject<UserRatingProps>): boolean {
+    return this.props.userId === other.props.userId;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Update driver rating based on race performance
    */
@@ -241,14 +267,14 @@ export class UserRating {
 
   private withUpdates(updates: Partial<UserRatingProps>): UserRating {
     const newRating = new UserRating({
-      ...this,
+      ...this.props,
       ...updates,
       updatedAt: new Date(),
     });
-    
+     
     // Recalculate overall reputation
     return new UserRating({
-      ...newRating,
+      ...newRating.props,
       overallReputation: newRating.calculateOverallReputation(),
     });
   }

packages/media/application/use-cases/RequestAvatarGenerationUseCase.ts

@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@
  * and creating a generation request.
  */
 
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 import type { IAvatarGenerationRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IAvatarGenerationRepository';
 import type { FaceValidationPort } from '../ports/FaceValidationPort';
 import type { AvatarGenerationPort } from '../ports/AvatarGenerationPort';
-import { AvatarGenerationRequest, type RacingSuitColor, type AvatarStyle } from '../../domain/entities/AvatarGenerationRequest';
+import { AvatarGenerationRequest } from '../../domain/entities/AvatarGenerationRequest';
+import type { RacingSuitColor, AvatarStyle } from '../../domain/types/AvatarGenerationRequest';
 
 export interface RequestAvatarGenerationCommand {
   userId: string;
@@ -24,7 +26,8 @@ export interface RequestAvatarGenerationResult {
   errorMessage?: string;
 }
 
-export class RequestAvatarGenerationUseCase {
+export class RequestAvatarGenerationUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<RequestAvatarGenerationCommand, RequestAvatarGenerationResult> {
   constructor(
     private readonly avatarRepository: IAvatarGenerationRepository,
     private readonly faceValidation: FaceValidationPort,
@@ -85,7 +88,7 @@ export class RequestAvatarGenerationUseCase {
 
     // Generate avatars
     const generationResult = await this.avatarGeneration.generateAvatars({
-      facePhotoUrl: request.facePhotoUrl,
+      facePhotoUrl: request.facePhotoUrl.value,
       prompt: request.buildPrompt(),
       suitColor: request.suitColor,
       style: request.style,

packages/media/application/use-cases/SelectAvatarUseCase.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Allows a user to select one of the generated avatars as their profile avatar.
  */
 
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 import type { IAvatarGenerationRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IAvatarGenerationRepository';
 
 export interface SelectAvatarCommand {
@@ -18,7 +19,8 @@ export interface SelectAvatarResult {
   errorMessage?: string;
 }
 
-export class SelectAvatarUseCase {
+export class SelectAvatarUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<SelectAvatarCommand, SelectAvatarResult> {
   constructor(
     private readonly avatarRepository: IAvatarGenerationRepository,
   ) {}

packages/media/domain/entities/AvatarGenerationRequest.ts

@@ -1,55 +1,26 @@
 /**
  * Domain Entity: AvatarGenerationRequest
- * 
+ *
  * Represents a request to generate a racing avatar from a face photo.
  */
-
-export type RacingSuitColor = 
-  | 'red' 
-  | 'blue' 
-  | 'green' 
-  | 'yellow' 
-  | 'orange' 
-  | 'purple' 
-  | 'black' 
-  | 'white' 
-  | 'pink'
-  | 'cyan';
-
-export type AvatarStyle = 
-  | 'realistic' 
-  | 'cartoon' 
-  | 'pixel-art';
-
-export type AvatarGenerationStatus = 
-  | 'pending' 
-  | 'validating' 
-  | 'generating' 
-  | 'completed' 
-  | 'failed';
-
-export interface AvatarGenerationRequestProps {
-  id: string;
-  userId: string;
-  facePhotoUrl: string;
-  suitColor: RacingSuitColor;
-  style: AvatarStyle;
-  status: AvatarGenerationStatus;
-  generatedAvatarUrls: string[];
-  selectedAvatarIndex?: number;
-  errorMessage?: string;
-  createdAt: Date;
-  updatedAt: Date;
-}
-
-export class AvatarGenerationRequest {
+ 
+import type { IEntity } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+import type {
+  AvatarGenerationRequestProps,
+  AvatarGenerationStatus,
+  AvatarStyle,
+  RacingSuitColor,
+} from '../types/AvatarGenerationRequest';
+import { MediaUrl } from '../value-objects/MediaUrl';
+ 
+export class AvatarGenerationRequest implements IEntity<string> {
   readonly id: string;
   readonly userId: string;
-  readonly facePhotoUrl: string;
+  readonly facePhotoUrl: MediaUrl;
   readonly suitColor: RacingSuitColor;
   readonly style: AvatarStyle;
   private _status: AvatarGenerationStatus;
-  private _generatedAvatarUrls: string[];
+  private _generatedAvatarUrls: MediaUrl[];
   private _selectedAvatarIndex?: number;
   private _errorMessage?: string;
   readonly createdAt: Date;
@@ -58,11 +29,11 @@ export class AvatarGenerationRequest {
   private constructor(props: AvatarGenerationRequestProps) {
     this.id = props.id;
     this.userId = props.userId;
-    this.facePhotoUrl = props.facePhotoUrl;
+    this.facePhotoUrl = MediaUrl.create(props.facePhotoUrl);
     this.suitColor = props.suitColor;
     this.style = props.style;
     this._status = props.status;
-    this._generatedAvatarUrls = [...props.generatedAvatarUrls];
+    this._generatedAvatarUrls = props.generatedAvatarUrls.map(url => MediaUrl.create(url));
     this._selectedAvatarIndex = props.selectedAvatarIndex;
     this._errorMessage = props.errorMessage;
     this.createdAt = props.createdAt;
@@ -106,7 +77,7 @@ export class AvatarGenerationRequest {
   }
 
   get generatedAvatarUrls(): string[] {
-    return [...this._generatedAvatarUrls];
+    return this._generatedAvatarUrls.map(url => url.value);
   }
 
   get selectedAvatarIndex(): number | undefined {
@@ -115,7 +86,7 @@ export class AvatarGenerationRequest {
 
   get selectedAvatarUrl(): string | undefined {
     if (this._selectedAvatarIndex !== undefined && this._generatedAvatarUrls[this._selectedAvatarIndex]) {
-      return this._generatedAvatarUrls[this._selectedAvatarIndex];
+      return this._generatedAvatarUrls[this._selectedAvatarIndex].value;
     }
     return undefined;
   }
@@ -149,7 +120,7 @@ export class AvatarGenerationRequest {
       throw new Error('At least one avatar URL is required');
     }
     this._status = 'completed';
-    this._generatedAvatarUrls = [...avatarUrls];
+    this._generatedAvatarUrls = avatarUrls.map(url => MediaUrl.create(url));
     this._updatedAt = new Date();
   }
 
@@ -204,11 +175,11 @@ export class AvatarGenerationRequest {
     return {
       id: this.id,
       userId: this.userId,
-      facePhotoUrl: this.facePhotoUrl,
+      facePhotoUrl: this.facePhotoUrl.value,
       suitColor: this.suitColor,
       style: this.style,
       status: this._status,
-      generatedAvatarUrls: [...this._generatedAvatarUrls],
+      generatedAvatarUrls: this._generatedAvatarUrls.map(url => url.value),
       selectedAvatarIndex: this._selectedAvatarIndex,
       errorMessage: this._errorMessage,
       createdAt: this.createdAt,

packages/media/domain/types/AvatarGenerationRequest.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * Domain Types: AvatarGenerationRequest
+ *
+ * Pure type/config definitions used by the AvatarGenerationRequest entity.
+ * Kept in domain/types so domain/entities contains only entity classes.
+ */
+
+export type RacingSuitColor =
+  | 'red'
+  | 'blue'
+  | 'green'
+  | 'yellow'
+  | 'orange'
+  | 'purple'
+  | 'black'
+  | 'white'
+  | 'pink'
+  | 'cyan';
+
+export type AvatarStyle =
+  | 'realistic'
+  | 'cartoon'
+  | 'pixel-art';
+
+export type AvatarGenerationStatus =
+  | 'pending'
+  | 'validating'
+  | 'generating'
+  | 'completed'
+  | 'failed';
+
+export interface AvatarGenerationRequestProps {
+  id: string;
+  userId: string;
+  facePhotoUrl: string;
+  suitColor: RacingSuitColor;
+  style: AvatarStyle;
+  status: AvatarGenerationStatus;
+  generatedAvatarUrls: string[];
+  selectedAvatarIndex?: number;
+  errorMessage?: string;
+  createdAt: Date;
+  updatedAt: Date;
+}

packages/media/domain/value-objects/MediaUrl.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { MediaUrl } from './MediaUrl';
+
+describe('MediaUrl', () => {
+  it('creates from valid http/https URLs', () => {
+    expect(MediaUrl.create('http://example.com').value).toBe('http://example.com');
+    expect(MediaUrl.create('https://example.com/path').value).toBe('https://example.com/path');
+  });
+
+  it('creates from data URIs', () => {
+    const url = 'data:image/jpeg;base64,AAA';
+    expect(MediaUrl.create(url).value).toBe(url);
+  });
+
+  it('creates from root-relative paths', () => {
+    expect(MediaUrl.create('/images/avatar.png').value).toBe('/images/avatar.png');
+  });
+
+  it('rejects empty or whitespace URLs', () => {
+    expect(() => MediaUrl.create('')).toThrow();
+    expect(() => MediaUrl.create('   ')).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('rejects unsupported schemes', () => {
+    expect(() => MediaUrl.create('ftp://example.com/file')).toThrow();
+    expect(() => MediaUrl.create('mailto:user@example.com')).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('implements value-based equality', () => {
+    const a = MediaUrl.create('https://example.com/a.png');
+    const b = MediaUrl.create('https://example.com/a.png');
+    const c = MediaUrl.create('https://example.com/b.png');
+
+    expect(a.equals(b)).toBe(true);
+    expect(a.equals(c)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

packages/media/domain/value-objects/MediaUrl.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+
+/**
+ * Value Object: MediaUrl
+ *
+ * Represents a validated media URL used for user-uploaded or generated assets.
+ * For now this is a conservative wrapper around strings with basic invariants:
+ * - non-empty
+ * - must start with "http", "https", "data:", or "/"
+ */
+export interface MediaUrlProps {
+  value: string;
+}
+
+export class MediaUrl implements IValueObject<MediaUrlProps> {
+  public readonly props: MediaUrlProps;
+
+  private constructor(value: string) {
+    this.props = { value };
+  }
+
+  static create(raw: string): MediaUrl {
+    const value = raw?.trim();
+
+    if (!value) {
+      throw new Error('Media URL cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    const allowedPrefixes = ['http://', 'https://', 'data:', '/'];
+    const isAllowed = allowedPrefixes.some((prefix) => value.startsWith(prefix));
+
+    if (!isAllowed) {
+      throw new Error('Media URL must be http(s), data URI, or root-relative path');
+    }
+
+    return new MediaUrl(value);
+  }
+
+  get value(): string {
+    return this.props.value;
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<MediaUrlProps>): boolean {
+    return this.props.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+}

packages/notifications/application/index.ts

@@ -23,10 +23,8 @@ export type {
   NotificationAction,
 } from '../domain/entities/Notification';
 export type { NotificationPreference, NotificationPreferenceProps, ChannelPreference, TypePreference } from '../domain/entities/NotificationPreference';
-export type { NotificationType } from '../domain/value-objects/NotificationType';
-export type { NotificationChannel } from '../domain/value-objects/NotificationChannel';
-export { getNotificationTypeTitle, getNotificationTypePriority } from '../domain/value-objects/NotificationType';
-export { getChannelDisplayName, isExternalChannel, DEFAULT_ENABLED_CHANNELS, ALL_CHANNELS } from '../domain/value-objects/NotificationChannel';
+export type { NotificationType, NotificationChannel } from '../domain/types/NotificationTypes';
+export { getNotificationTypeTitle, getNotificationTypePriority, getChannelDisplayName, isExternalChannel, DEFAULT_ENABLED_CHANNELS, ALL_CHANNELS } from '../domain/types/NotificationTypes';
 
 // Re-export repository interfaces
 export type { INotificationRepository } from '../domain/repositories/INotificationRepository';

packages/notifications/application/ports/INotificationGateway.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 import type { Notification } from '../../domain/entities/Notification';
-import type { NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/value-objects/NotificationChannel';
+import type { NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/types/NotificationTypes';
 
 export interface NotificationDeliveryResult {
   success: boolean;

packages/notifications/application/use-cases/GetUnreadNotificationsUseCase.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Retrieves unread notifications for a recipient.
  */
 
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 import type { Notification } from '../../domain/entities/Notification';
 import type { INotificationRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/INotificationRepository';
 
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ export interface UnreadNotificationsResult {
   totalCount: number;
 }
 
-export class GetUnreadNotificationsUseCase {
+export class GetUnreadNotificationsUseCase implements AsyncUseCase<string, UnreadNotificationsResult> {
   constructor(
     private readonly notificationRepository: INotificationRepository,
   ) {}

packages/notifications/application/use-cases/MarkNotificationReadUseCase.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Marks a notification as read.
  */
 
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 import type { INotificationRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/INotificationRepository';
 import { NotificationDomainError } from '../../domain/errors/NotificationDomainError';
 
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ export interface MarkNotificationReadCommand {
   recipientId: string; // For validation
 }
 
-export class MarkNotificationReadUseCase {
+export class MarkNotificationReadUseCase implements AsyncUseCase<MarkNotificationReadCommand, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly notificationRepository: INotificationRepository,
   ) {}
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ export class MarkNotificationReadUseCase {
  * 
  * Marks all notifications as read for a recipient.
  */
-export class MarkAllNotificationsReadUseCase {
+export class MarkAllNotificationsReadUseCase implements AsyncUseCase<string, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly notificationRepository: INotificationRepository,
   ) {}
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ export interface DismissNotificationCommand {
   recipientId: string;
 }
 
-export class DismissNotificationUseCase {
+export class DismissNotificationUseCase implements AsyncUseCase<DismissNotificationCommand, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly notificationRepository: INotificationRepository,
   ) {}

packages/notifications/application/use-cases/NotificationPreferencesUseCases.ts

@@ -4,16 +4,17 @@
  * Manages user notification preferences.
  */
 
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 import { NotificationPreference } from '../../domain/entities/NotificationPreference';
 import type { ChannelPreference, TypePreference } from '../../domain/entities/NotificationPreference';
 import type { INotificationPreferenceRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/INotificationPreferenceRepository';
-import type { NotificationType } from '../../domain/value-objects/NotificationType';
-import type { NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/value-objects/NotificationChannel';
+import type { NotificationType, NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/types/NotificationTypes';
+import { NotificationDomainError } from '../../domain/errors/NotificationDomainError';
 
 /**
  * Query: GetNotificationPreferencesQuery
  */
-export class GetNotificationPreferencesQuery {
+export class GetNotificationPreferencesQuery implements AsyncUseCase<string, NotificationPreference> {
   constructor(
     private readonly preferenceRepository: INotificationPreferenceRepository,
   ) {}
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ export interface UpdateChannelPreferenceCommand {
   preference: ChannelPreference;
 }
 
-export class UpdateChannelPreferenceUseCase {
+export class UpdateChannelPreferenceUseCase implements AsyncUseCase<UpdateChannelPreferenceCommand, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly preferenceRepository: INotificationPreferenceRepository,
   ) {}
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ export interface UpdateTypePreferenceCommand {
   preference: TypePreference;
 }
 
-export class UpdateTypePreferenceUseCase {
+export class UpdateTypePreferenceUseCase implements AsyncUseCase<UpdateTypePreferenceCommand, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly preferenceRepository: INotificationPreferenceRepository,
   ) {}
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ export interface UpdateQuietHoursCommand {
   endHour: number | undefined;
 }
 
-export class UpdateQuietHoursUseCase {
+export class UpdateQuietHoursUseCase implements AsyncUseCase<UpdateQuietHoursCommand, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly preferenceRepository: INotificationPreferenceRepository,
   ) {}
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ export interface SetDigestModeCommand {
   frequencyHours?: number;
 }
 
-export class SetDigestModeUseCase {
+export class SetDigestModeUseCase implements AsyncUseCase<SetDigestModeCommand, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly preferenceRepository: INotificationPreferenceRepository,
   ) {}

packages/notifications/application/use-cases/SendNotificationUseCase.ts

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
  */
 
 import { v4 as uuid } from 'uuid';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 import { Notification } from '../../domain/entities/Notification';
 import type { NotificationData } from '../../domain/entities/Notification';
 import type { INotificationRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/INotificationRepository';
 import type { INotificationPreferenceRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/INotificationPreferenceRepository';
 import type { INotificationGatewayRegistry, NotificationDeliveryResult } from '../ports/INotificationGateway';
-import type { NotificationType } from '../../domain/value-objects/NotificationType';
-import type { NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/value-objects/NotificationChannel';
+import type { NotificationType, NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/types/NotificationTypes';
 
 export interface SendNotificationCommand {
   recipientId: string;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export interface SendNotificationResult {
   deliveryResults: NotificationDeliveryResult[];
 }
 
-export class SendNotificationUseCase {
+export class SendNotificationUseCase implements AsyncUseCase<SendNotificationCommand, SendNotificationResult> {
   constructor(
     private readonly notificationRepository: INotificationRepository,
     private readonly preferenceRepository: INotificationPreferenceRepository,

packages/notifications/domain/entities/Notification.ts

@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@
  * Immutable entity with factory methods and domain validation.
  */
 
+import type { IEntity } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
 import { NotificationDomainError } from '../errors/NotificationDomainError';
+import { NotificationId } from '../value-objects/NotificationId';
 
-import type { NotificationType } from '../value-objects/NotificationType';
-import type { NotificationChannel } from '../value-objects/NotificationChannel';
+import type { NotificationType, NotificationChannel } from '../types/NotificationTypes';
 
 export type NotificationStatus = 'unread' | 'read' | 'dismissed' | 'action_required';
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ export interface NotificationAction {
 }
 
 export interface NotificationProps {
-  id: string;
+  id: NotificationId;
   /** Driver who receives this notification */
   recipientId: string;
   /** Type of notification */
@@ -85,15 +86,17 @@ export interface NotificationProps {
   respondedAt?: Date;
 }
 
-export class Notification {
+export class Notification implements IEntity<string> {
   private constructor(private readonly props: NotificationProps) {}
 
-  static create(props: Omit<NotificationProps, 'status' | 'createdAt' | 'urgency'> & {
+  static create(props: Omit<NotificationProps, 'id' | 'status' | 'createdAt' | 'urgency'> & {
+    id: string;
     status?: NotificationStatus;
     createdAt?: Date;
     urgency?: NotificationUrgency;
   }): Notification {
-    if (!props.id) throw new NotificationDomainError('Notification ID is required');
+    const id = NotificationId.create(props.id);
+
     if (!props.recipientId) throw new NotificationDomainError('Recipient ID is required');
     if (!props.type) throw new NotificationDomainError('Notification type is required');
     if (!props.title?.trim()) throw new NotificationDomainError('Notification title is required');
@@ -105,13 +108,14 @@ export class Notification {
 
     return new Notification({
       ...props,
+      id,
       status: props.status ?? defaultStatus,
       urgency: props.urgency ?? 'silent',
       createdAt: props.createdAt ?? new Date(),
     });
   }
 
-  get id(): string { return this.props.id; }
+  get id(): string { return this.props.id.value; }
   get recipientId(): string { return this.props.recipientId; }
   get type(): NotificationType { return this.props.type; }
   get title(): string { return this.props.title; }
@@ -210,7 +214,10 @@ export class Notification {
   /**
    * Convert to plain object for serialization
    */
-  toJSON(): NotificationProps {
-    return { ...this.props };
+  toJSON(): Omit<NotificationProps, 'id'> & { id: string } {
+    return {
+      ...this.props,
+      id: this.props.id.value,
+    };
   }
 }

packages/notifications/domain/entities/NotificationPreference.ts

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
  * Represents a user's notification preferences for different channels and types.
  */
 
-import type { NotificationType } from '../value-objects/NotificationType';
-import type { NotificationChannel } from '../value-objects/NotificationChannel';
+import type { IEntity } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+import type { NotificationType, NotificationChannel } from '../types/NotificationTypes';
 import { NotificationDomainError } from '../errors/NotificationDomainError';
-import { DEFAULT_ENABLED_CHANNELS } from '../value-objects/NotificationChannel';
+import { QuietHours } from '../value-objects/QuietHours';
 
 export interface ChannelPreference {
   /** Whether this channel is enabled */
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ export interface TypePreference {
 }
 
 export interface NotificationPreferenceProps {
+  /** Aggregate ID for this preference (usually same as driverId) */
+  id: string;
   /** Driver ID this preference belongs to */
   driverId: string;
   /** Global channel preferences */
@@ -42,10 +44,13 @@ export interface NotificationPreferenceProps {
   updatedAt: Date;
 }
 
-export class NotificationPreference {
+export class NotificationPreference implements IEntity<string> {
   private constructor(private readonly props: NotificationPreferenceProps) {}
 
-  static create(props: Omit<NotificationPreferenceProps, 'updatedAt'> & { updatedAt?: Date }): NotificationPreference {
+  static create(
+    props: Omit<NotificationPreferenceProps, 'updatedAt'> & { updatedAt?: Date },
+  ): NotificationPreference {
+    if (!props.id) throw new NotificationDomainError('Preference ID is required');
     if (!props.driverId) throw new NotificationDomainError('Driver ID is required');
     if (!props.channels) throw new NotificationDomainError('Channel preferences are required');
 
@@ -60,6 +65,7 @@ export class NotificationPreference {
    */
   static createDefault(driverId: string): NotificationPreference {
     return new NotificationPreference({
+      id: driverId,
       driverId,
       channels: {
         in_app: { enabled: true },
@@ -72,6 +78,7 @@ export class NotificationPreference {
     });
   }
 
+  get id(): string { return this.props.id; }
   get driverId(): string { return this.props.driverId; }
   get channels(): Record<NotificationChannel, ChannelPreference> { return { ...this.props.channels }; }
   get typePreferences(): Partial<Record<NotificationType, TypePreference>> | undefined {
@@ -83,6 +90,13 @@ export class NotificationPreference {
   get quietHoursEnd(): number | undefined { return this.props.quietHoursEnd; }
   get updatedAt(): Date { return this.props.updatedAt; }
 
+  get quietHours(): QuietHours | undefined {
+    if (this.props.quietHoursStart === undefined || this.props.quietHoursEnd === undefined) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    return QuietHours.create(this.props.quietHoursStart, this.props.quietHoursEnd);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Check if a specific channel is enabled
    */
@@ -117,20 +131,13 @@ export class NotificationPreference {
    * Check if current time is in quiet hours
    */
   isInQuietHours(): boolean {
-    if (this.props.quietHoursStart === undefined || this.props.quietHoursEnd === undefined) {
+    const quietHours = this.quietHours;
+    if (!quietHours) {
       return false;
     }
 
     const now = new Date();
-    const currentHour = now.getHours();
-
-    if (this.props.quietHoursStart < this.props.quietHoursEnd) {
-      // Normal range (e.g., 22:00 to 07:00 next day is NOT this case)
-      return currentHour >= this.props.quietHoursStart && currentHour < this.props.quietHoursEnd;
-    } else {
-      // Overnight range (e.g., 22:00 to 07:00)
-      return currentHour >= this.props.quietHoursStart || currentHour < this.props.quietHoursEnd;
-    }
+    return quietHours.containsHour(now.getHours());
   }
 
   /**
@@ -165,10 +172,12 @@ export class NotificationPreference {
    * Update quiet hours
    */
   updateQuietHours(start: number | undefined, end: number | undefined): NotificationPreference {
+    const validated = start === undefined || end === undefined ? undefined : QuietHours.create(start, end);
+
     return new NotificationPreference({
       ...this.props,
-      quietHoursStart: start,
-      quietHoursEnd: end,
+      quietHoursStart: validated?.props.startHour,
+      quietHoursEnd: validated?.props.endHour,
       updatedAt: new Date(),
     });
   }

packages/notifications/domain/errors/NotificationDomainError.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,19 @@
-export class NotificationDomainError extends Error {
-  readonly name: string = 'NotificationDomainError';
+import type { IDomainError, CommonDomainErrorKind } from '@gridpilot/shared/errors';
 
-  constructor(message: string) {
+/**
+ * Domain Error: NotificationDomainError
+ *
+ * Implements the shared IDomainError contract for notification domain failures.
+ */
+export class NotificationDomainError extends Error implements IDomainError<CommonDomainErrorKind> {
+  readonly name = 'NotificationDomainError';
+  readonly type = 'domain' as const;
+  readonly context = 'notifications';
+  readonly kind: CommonDomainErrorKind;
+ 
+  constructor(message: string, kind: CommonDomainErrorKind = 'validation') {
     super(message);
+    this.kind = kind;
     Object.setPrototypeOf(this, new.target.prototype);
   }
 }

packages/notifications/domain/repositories/INotificationRepository.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 import type { Notification } from '../entities/Notification';
-import type { NotificationType } from '../value-objects/NotificationType';
+import type { NotificationType } from '../types/NotificationTypes';
 
 export interface INotificationRepository {
   /**

packages/notifications/domain/types/NotificationTypes.ts

@@ -1,45 +1,88 @@
 /**
- * Value Object: NotificationType
- * 
+ * Domain Types: NotificationChannel, NotificationType and helpers
+ *
+ * These are pure type-level/value helpers and intentionally live under domain/types
+ * rather than domain/value-objects, which is reserved for class-based value objects.
+ */
+
+export type NotificationChannel =
+  | 'in_app' // In-app notification (stored in database, shown in UI)
+  | 'email' // Email notification
+  | 'discord' // Discord webhook notification
+  | 'push'; // Push notification (future: mobile/browser)
+
+/**
+ * Get human-readable name for channel
+ */
+export function getChannelDisplayName(channel: NotificationChannel): string {
+  const names: Record<NotificationChannel, string> = {
+    in_app: 'In-App',
+    email: 'Email',
+    discord: 'Discord',
+    push: 'Push Notification',
+  };
+  return names[channel];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if channel requires external integration
+ */
+export function isExternalChannel(channel: NotificationChannel): boolean {
+  return channel !== 'in_app';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Default channels that are always enabled
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_ENABLED_CHANNELS: NotificationChannel[] = ['in_app'];
+
+/**
+ * All available channels
+ */
+export const ALL_CHANNELS: NotificationChannel[] = ['in_app', 'email', 'discord', 'push'];
+
+/**
+ * Domain Type: NotificationType
+ *
  * Defines the types of notifications that can be sent in the system.
  */
 
 export type NotificationType =
   // Protest-related
-  | 'protest_filed'           // A protest was filed against you
+  | 'protest_filed' // A protest was filed against you
   | 'protest_defense_requested' // Steward requests your defense
   | 'protest_defense_submitted' // Accused submitted their defense
-  | 'protest_comment_added'   // New comment on a protest you're involved in
-  | 'protest_vote_required'   // You need to vote on a protest
-  | 'protest_vote_cast'       // Someone voted on a protest
-  | 'protest_resolved'        // Protest has been resolved
+  | 'protest_comment_added' // New comment on a protest you're involved in
+  | 'protest_vote_required' // You need to vote on a protest
+  | 'protest_vote_cast' // Someone voted on a protest
+  | 'protest_resolved' // Protest has been resolved
   // Penalty-related
-  | 'penalty_issued'          // A penalty was issued to you
-  | 'penalty_appealed'        // Penalty appeal submitted
+  | 'penalty_issued' // A penalty was issued to you
+  | 'penalty_appealed' // Penalty appeal submitted
   | 'penalty_appeal_resolved' // Appeal was resolved
   // Race-related
-  | 'race_registration_open'  // Race registration is now open
-  | 'race_reminder'           // Race starting soon reminder
-  | 'race_results_posted'     // Race results are available
+  | 'race_registration_open' // Race registration is now open
+  | 'race_reminder' // Race starting soon reminder
+  | 'race_results_posted' // Race results are available
   // League-related
-  | 'league_invite'           // You were invited to a league
-  | 'league_join_request'     // Someone requested to join your league
-  | 'league_join_approved'    // Your join request was approved
-  | 'league_join_rejected'    // Your join request was rejected
-  | 'league_role_changed'     // Your role in a league changed
+  | 'league_invite' // You were invited to a league
+  | 'league_join_request' // Someone requested to join your league
+  | 'league_join_approved' // Your join request was approved
+  | 'league_join_rejected' // Your join request was rejected
+  | 'league_role_changed' // Your role in a league changed
   // Team-related
-  | 'team_invite'             // You were invited to a team
-  | 'team_join_request'       // Someone requested to join your team
-  | 'team_join_approved'      // Your team join request was approved
+  | 'team_invite' // You were invited to a team
+  | 'team_join_request' // Someone requested to join your team
+  | 'team_join_approved' // Your team join request was approved
   // Sponsorship-related
-  | 'sponsorship_request_received'  // A sponsor wants to sponsor you/your entity
-  | 'sponsorship_request_accepted'  // Your sponsorship request was accepted
-  | 'sponsorship_request_rejected'  // Your sponsorship request was rejected
+  | 'sponsorship_request_received' // A sponsor wants to sponsor you/your entity
+  | 'sponsorship_request_accepted' // Your sponsorship request was accepted
+  | 'sponsorship_request_rejected' // Your sponsorship request was rejected
   | 'sponsorship_request_withdrawn' // A sponsor withdrew their request
-  | 'sponsorship_activated'         // Sponsorship is now active
-  | 'sponsorship_payment_received'  // Payment received for sponsorship
+  | 'sponsorship_activated' // Sponsorship is now active
+  | 'sponsorship_payment_received' // Payment received for sponsorship
   // System
-  | 'system_announcement';    // System-wide announcement
+  | 'system_announcement'; // System-wide announcement
 
 /**
  * Get human-readable title for notification type

packages/notifications/domain/value-objects/NotificationChannel.ts

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Value Object: NotificationChannel
- * 
- * Defines the delivery channels for notifications.
- */
-
-export type NotificationChannel =
-  | 'in_app'   // In-app notification (stored in database, shown in UI)
-  | 'email'    // Email notification
-  | 'discord'  // Discord webhook notification
-  | 'push';    // Push notification (future: mobile/browser)
-
-/**
- * Get human-readable name for channel
- */
-export function getChannelDisplayName(channel: NotificationChannel): string {
-  const names: Record<NotificationChannel, string> = {
-    in_app: 'In-App',
-    email: 'Email',
-    discord: 'Discord',
-    push: 'Push Notification',
-  };
-  return names[channel];
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if channel requires external integration
- */
-export function isExternalChannel(channel: NotificationChannel): boolean {
-  return channel !== 'in_app';
-}
-
-/**
- * Default channels that are always enabled
- */
-export const DEFAULT_ENABLED_CHANNELS: NotificationChannel[] = ['in_app'];
-
-/**
- * All available channels
- */
-export const ALL_CHANNELS: NotificationChannel[] = ['in_app', 'email', 'discord', 'push'];

packages/notifications/domain/value-objects/NotificationId.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { NotificationId } from './NotificationId';
+import { NotificationDomainError } from '../errors/NotificationDomainError';
+
+describe('NotificationId', () => {
+  it('creates a valid NotificationId from a non-empty string', () => {
+    const id = NotificationId.create('noti_123');
+
+    expect(id.value).toBe('noti_123');
+  });
+
+  it('trims whitespace from the raw value', () => {
+    const id = NotificationId.create('   noti_456   ');
+
+    expect(id.value).toBe('noti_456');
+  });
+
+  it('throws NotificationDomainError for empty string', () => {
+    expect(() => NotificationId.create('')).toThrow(NotificationDomainError);
+    expect(() => NotificationId.create('   ')).toThrow(NotificationDomainError);
+
+    try {
+      NotificationId.create('   ');
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof NotificationDomainError) {
+        expect(error.kind).toBe('validation');
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('compares equality based on underlying value', () => {
+    const a = NotificationId.create('noti_1');
+    const b = NotificationId.create('noti_1');
+    const c = NotificationId.create('noti_2');
+
+    expect(a.equals(b)).toBe(true);
+    expect(a.equals(c)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

packages/notifications/domain/value-objects/NotificationId.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+import { NotificationDomainError } from '../errors/NotificationDomainError';
+
+export interface NotificationIdProps {
+  value: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Value Object: NotificationId
+ *
+ * Encapsulates the unique identifier for a notification and
+ * enforces basic invariants (non-empty trimmed string).
+ */
+export class NotificationId implements IValueObject<NotificationIdProps> {
+  public readonly props: NotificationIdProps;
+
+  private constructor(value: string) {
+    this.props = { value };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Factory with validation.
+   * - Trims input.
+   * - Requires a non-empty value.
+   */
+  static create(raw: string): NotificationId {
+    const value = raw.trim();
+
+    if (!value) {
+      throw new NotificationDomainError('Notification ID must be a non-empty string', 'validation');
+    }
+
+    return new NotificationId(value);
+  }
+
+  get value(): string {
+    return this.props.value;
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<NotificationIdProps>): boolean {
+    return this.props.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+}

packages/notifications/domain/value-objects/QuietHours.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { QuietHours } from './QuietHours';
+
+describe('QuietHours', () => {
+  it('creates a valid normal-range window', () => {
+    const qh = QuietHours.create(9, 17);
+    expect(qh.props.startHour).toBe(9);
+    expect(qh.props.endHour).toBe(17);
+  });
+
+  it('creates a valid overnight window', () => {
+    const qh = QuietHours.create(22, 7);
+    expect(qh.props.startHour).toBe(22);
+    expect(qh.props.endHour).toBe(7);
+  });
+
+  it('throws when hours are out of range', () => {
+    expect(() => QuietHours.create(-1, 10)).toThrow();
+    expect(() => QuietHours.create(0, 24)).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('throws when start and end are equal', () => {
+    expect(() => QuietHours.create(10, 10)).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('detects containment for normal range', () => {
+    const qh = QuietHours.create(9, 17);
+    expect(qh.containsHour(8)).toBe(false);
+    expect(qh.containsHour(9)).toBe(true);
+    expect(qh.containsHour(12)).toBe(true);
+    expect(qh.containsHour(17)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('detects containment for overnight range', () => {
+    const qh = QuietHours.create(22, 7);
+    expect(qh.containsHour(21)).toBe(false);
+    expect(qh.containsHour(22)).toBe(true);
+    expect(qh.containsHour(23)).toBe(true);
+    expect(qh.containsHour(0)).toBe(true);
+    expect(qh.containsHour(6)).toBe(true);
+    expect(qh.containsHour(7)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('implements value-based equality', () => {
+    const a = QuietHours.create(22, 7);
+    const b = QuietHours.create(22, 7);
+    const c = QuietHours.create(9, 17);
+
+    expect(a.equals(b)).toBe(true);
+    expect(a.equals(c)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

packages/notifications/domain/value-objects/QuietHours.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+import { NotificationDomainError } from '../errors/NotificationDomainError';
+
+export interface QuietHoursProps {
+  startHour: number;
+  endHour: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Value Object: QuietHours
+ *
+ * Encapsulates a daily quiet-hours window using 0-23 hour indices and
+ * provides logic to determine whether a given hour falls within the window.
+ *
+ * Supports both normal ranges (start < end) and overnight ranges (start > end).
+ */
+export class QuietHours implements IValueObject<QuietHoursProps> {
+  public readonly props: QuietHoursProps;
+
+  private constructor(startHour: number, endHour: number) {
+    this.props = { startHour, endHour };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Factory with validation.
+   * - Hours must be integers between 0 and 23.
+   * - Start and end cannot be equal (would mean a 0-length window).
+   */
+  static create(startHour: number, endHour: number): QuietHours {
+    QuietHours.assertValidHour(startHour, 'Start hour');
+    QuietHours.assertValidHour(endHour, 'End hour');
+
+    if (startHour === endHour) {
+      throw new NotificationDomainError('Quiet hours start and end cannot be the same', 'validation');
+    }
+
+    return new QuietHours(startHour, endHour);
+  }
+
+  private static assertValidHour(value: number, label: string): void {
+    if (!Number.isInteger(value)) {
+      throw new NotificationDomainError(`${label} must be an integer between 0 and 23`, 'validation');
+    }
+    if (value < 0 || value > 23) {
+      throw new NotificationDomainError(`${label} must be between 0 and 23`, 'validation');
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the given hour (0-23) lies within the quiet window.
+   */
+  containsHour(hour: number): boolean {
+    QuietHours.assertValidHour(hour, 'Hour');
+
+    const { startHour, endHour } = this.props;
+
+    if (startHour < endHour) {
+      // Normal range (e.g., 22:00 to 23:59 is NOT this case, but 1:00 to 7:00 is)
+      return hour >= startHour && hour < endHour;
+    }
+
+    // Overnight range (e.g., 22:00 to 07:00)
+    return hour >= startHour || hour < endHour;
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<QuietHoursProps>): boolean {
+    return (
+      this.props.startHour === other.props.startHour &&
+      this.props.endHour === other.props.endHour
+    );
+  }
+}

packages/notifications/infrastructure/adapters/DiscordNotificationAdapter.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import type {
   INotificationGateway, 
   NotificationDeliveryResult 
 } from '../../application/ports/INotificationGateway';
-import type { NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/value-objects/NotificationChannel';
+import type { NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/types/NotificationTypes';
 
 export interface DiscordAdapterConfig {
   webhookUrl?: string;

packages/notifications/infrastructure/adapters/EmailNotificationAdapter.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import type {
   INotificationGateway, 
   NotificationDeliveryResult 
 } from '../../application/ports/INotificationGateway';
-import type { NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/value-objects/NotificationChannel';
+import type { NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/types/NotificationTypes';
 
 export interface EmailAdapterConfig {
   smtpHost?: string;

packages/notifications/infrastructure/adapters/InAppNotificationAdapter.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import type {
   INotificationGateway, 
   NotificationDeliveryResult 
 } from '../../application/ports/INotificationGateway';
-import type { NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/value-objects/NotificationChannel';
+import type { NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/types/NotificationTypes';
 
 export class InAppNotificationAdapter implements INotificationGateway {
   private readonly channel: NotificationChannel = 'in_app';

packages/notifications/infrastructure/adapters/NotificationGatewayRegistry.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 import type { Notification } from '../../domain/entities/Notification';
-import type { NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/value-objects/NotificationChannel';
+import type { NotificationChannel } from '../../domain/types/NotificationTypes';
 import type { 
   INotificationGateway, 
   INotificationGatewayRegistry, 

packages/notifications/infrastructure/repositories/InMemoryNotificationRepository.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 import { Notification } from '../../domain/entities/Notification';
 import type { INotificationRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/INotificationRepository';
-import type { NotificationType } from '../../domain/value-objects/NotificationType';
+import type { NotificationType } from '../../domain/types/NotificationTypes';
 
 export class InMemoryNotificationRepository implements INotificationRepository {
   private notifications: Map<string, Notification> = new Map();

packages/racing/application/dto/ChampionshipStandingsDTO.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { ParticipantRef } from '@gridpilot/racing/domain/value-objects/ParticipantRef';
+import type { ParticipantRef } from '@gridpilot/racing/domain/types/ParticipantRef';
 
 export interface ChampionshipStandingsRowDTO {
   participant: ParticipantRef;

packages/racing/application/dto/LeagueConfigFormDTO.ts

@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ export interface LeagueTimingsFormDTO {
   timezoneId?: string; // IANA ID, e.g. "Europe/Berlin", or "track" for track local time
   recurrenceStrategy?: 'weekly' | 'everyNWeeks' | 'monthlyNthWeekday';
   intervalWeeks?: number;
-  weekdays?: import('../../domain/value-objects/Weekday').Weekday[];
+  weekdays?: import('../../domain/types/Weekday').Weekday[];
   monthlyOrdinal?: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4;
-  monthlyWeekday?: import('../../domain/value-objects/Weekday').Weekday;
+  monthlyWeekday?: import('../../domain/types/Weekday').Weekday;
 }
 
 /**

packages/racing/application/dto/LeagueScheduleDTO.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import type { LeagueTimingsFormDTO } from './LeagueConfigFormDTO';
-import type { Weekday } from '../../domain/value-objects/Weekday';
+import type { Weekday } from '../../domain/types/Weekday';
 import { RaceTimeOfDay } from '../../domain/value-objects/RaceTimeOfDay';
 import { LeagueTimezone } from '../../domain/value-objects/LeagueTimezone';
 import { WeekdaySet } from '../../domain/value-objects/WeekdaySet';
 import { MonthlyRecurrencePattern } from '../../domain/value-objects/MonthlyRecurrencePattern';
-import type { RecurrenceStrategy } from '../../domain/value-objects/RecurrenceStrategy';
-import { RecurrenceStrategyFactory } from '../../domain/value-objects/RecurrenceStrategy';
+import type { RecurrenceStrategy } from '../../domain/types/RecurrenceStrategy';
+import { RecurrenceStrategyFactory } from '../../domain/types/RecurrenceStrategy';
 import { SeasonSchedule } from '../../domain/value-objects/SeasonSchedule';
 import { BusinessRuleViolationError } from '../errors/RacingApplicationError';
 

packages/racing/application/dto/TeamCommandAndQueryDTO.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-import type { Team, TeamJoinRequest, TeamMembership } from '../../domain/entities/Team';
+import type { Team } from '../../domain/entities/Team';
+import type {
+  TeamJoinRequest,
+  TeamMembership,
+} from '../../domain/types/TeamMembership';
 
 export interface JoinTeamCommandDTO {
   teamId: string;

packages/racing/application/errors/RacingApplicationError.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
-export abstract class RacingApplicationError extends Error {
+import type { IApplicationError, CommonApplicationErrorKind } from '@gridpilot/shared/errors';
+
+export abstract class RacingApplicationError
+  extends Error
+  implements IApplicationError<CommonApplicationErrorKind | string, unknown>
+{
+  readonly type = 'application' as const;
   readonly context = 'racing-application';
+  abstract readonly kind: CommonApplicationErrorKind | string;
 
   constructor(message: string) {
     super(message);
@@ -22,11 +29,16 @@ export interface EntityNotFoundDetails {
   id: string;
 }
 
-export class EntityNotFoundError extends RacingApplicationError {
+export class EntityNotFoundError
+  extends RacingApplicationError
+  implements IApplicationError<'not_found', EntityNotFoundDetails>
+{
   readonly kind = 'not_found' as const;
+  readonly details: EntityNotFoundDetails;
 
-  constructor(public readonly details: EntityNotFoundDetails) {
+  constructor(details: EntityNotFoundDetails) {
     super(`${details.entity} not found for id: ${details.id}`);
+    this.details = details;
   }
 }
 
@@ -39,15 +51,25 @@ export type PermissionDeniedReason =
   | 'TEAM_OWNER_CANNOT_LEAVE'
   | 'UNAUTHORIZED';
 
-export class PermissionDeniedError extends RacingApplicationError {
+export class PermissionDeniedError
+  extends RacingApplicationError
+  implements IApplicationError<'forbidden', PermissionDeniedReason>
+{
   readonly kind = 'forbidden' as const;
 
   constructor(public readonly reason: PermissionDeniedReason, message?: string) {
     super(message ?? `Permission denied: ${reason}`);
   }
+
+  get details(): PermissionDeniedReason {
+    return this.reason;
+  }
 }
 
-export class BusinessRuleViolationError extends RacingApplicationError {
+export class BusinessRuleViolationError
+  extends RacingApplicationError
+  implements IApplicationError<'conflict', undefined>
+{
   readonly kind = 'conflict' as const;
 
   constructor(message: string) {

packages/racing/application/index.ts

@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ export * from './ports/DriverRatingProvider';
 
 export type { RaceRegistration } from '../domain/entities/RaceRegistration';
 
+export type { Team } from '../domain/entities/Team';
 export type {
-  Team,
   TeamMembership,
   TeamJoinRequest,
   TeamRole,
   TeamMembershipStatus,
-} from '../domain/entities/Team';
+} from '../domain/types/TeamMembership';
 
 export type { DriverDTO } from './dto/DriverDTO';
 export type { LeagueDTO } from './dto/LeagueDTO';

packages/racing/application/ports/IImageServicePort.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/**
+ * Application Port: IImageServicePort
+ *
+ * Abstraction used by racing application use cases to obtain image URLs
+ * for drivers, teams and leagues without depending on UI/media layers.
+ */
+export interface IImageServicePort {
+  getDriverAvatar(driverId: string): string;
+  getTeamLogo(teamId: string): string;
+  getLeagueCover(leagueId: string): string;
+  getLeagueLogo(leagueId: string): string;
+}

packages/racing/application/presenters/IDriverTeamPresenter.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import type { Team, TeamMembership } from '../../domain/entities/Team';
+import type { Team } from '../../domain/entities/Team';
+import type { TeamMembership } from '../../domain/types/TeamMembership';
 
 export interface DriverTeamViewModel {
   team: {

packages/racing/application/presenters/ITeamDetailsPresenter.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import type { Team, TeamMembership } from '../../domain/entities/Team';
+import type { Team } from '../../domain/entities/Team';
+import type { TeamMembership } from '../../domain/types/TeamMembership';
 
 export interface TeamDetailsViewModel {
   team: {

packages/racing/application/presenters/ITeamJoinRequestsPresenter.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { TeamJoinRequest } from '../../domain/entities/Team';
+import type { TeamJoinRequest } from '../../domain/types/TeamMembership';
 
 export interface TeamJoinRequestViewModel {
   requestId: string;

packages/racing/application/presenters/ITeamMembersPresenter.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { TeamMembership } from '../../domain/entities/Team';
+import type { TeamMembership } from '../../domain/types/TeamMembership';
 
 export interface TeamMemberViewModel {
   driverId: string;

packages/racing/application/use-cases/AcceptSponsorshipRequestUseCase.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import type { ISponsorshipRequestRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ISponsorshipRequestRepository';
 import type { ISeasonSponsorshipRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ISeasonSponsorshipRepository';
 import { SeasonSponsorship } from '../../domain/entities/SeasonSponsorship';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 
 export interface AcceptSponsorshipRequestDTO {
   requestId: string;
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ export interface AcceptSponsorshipRequestResultDTO {
   netAmount: number;
 }
 
-export class AcceptSponsorshipRequestUseCase {
+export class AcceptSponsorshipRequestUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<AcceptSponsorshipRequestDTO, AcceptSponsorshipRequestResultDTO> {
   constructor(
     private readonly sponsorshipRequestRepo: ISponsorshipRequestRepository,
     private readonly seasonSponsorshipRepo: ISeasonSponsorshipRepository,

packages/racing/application/use-cases/ApplyForSponsorshipUseCase.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import type { ISponsorshipRequestRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IS
 import type { ISponsorshipPricingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ISponsorshipPricingRepository';
 import type { ISponsorRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ISponsorRepository';
 import { Money, type Currency } from '../../domain/value-objects/Money';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 import {
   EntityNotFoundError,
   BusinessRuleViolationError,
@@ -31,8 +32,10 @@ export interface ApplyForSponsorshipResultDTO {
   status: 'pending';
   createdAt: Date;
 }
-
-export class ApplyForSponsorshipUseCase {
+ 
+export class ApplyForSponsorshipUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<ApplyForSponsorshipDTO, ApplyForSponsorshipResultDTO>
+{
   constructor(
     private readonly sponsorshipRequestRepo: ISponsorshipRequestRepository,
     private readonly sponsorshipPricingRepo: ISponsorshipPricingRepository,

packages/racing/application/use-cases/ApplyPenaltyUseCase.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import type { IProtestRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IProtestRepos
 import type { IRaceRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IRaceRepository';
 import type { ILeagueMembershipRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ILeagueMembershipRepository';
 import { randomUUID } from 'crypto';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 
 export interface ApplyPenaltyCommand {
   raceId: string;
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ export interface ApplyPenaltyCommand {
   notes?: string;
 }
 
-export class ApplyPenaltyUseCase {
+export class ApplyPenaltyUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<ApplyPenaltyCommand, { penaltyId: string }> {
   constructor(
     private readonly penaltyRepository: IPenaltyRepository,
     private readonly protestRepository: IProtestRepository,

packages/racing/application/use-cases/ApproveTeamJoinRequestUseCase.ts

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import type {
   TeamMembershipStatus,
   TeamRole,
   TeamJoinRequest,
-} from '../../domain/entities/Team';
+} from '../../domain/types/TeamMembership';
 import type { ApproveTeamJoinRequestCommandDTO } from '../dto/TeamCommandAndQueryDTO';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 
-export class ApproveTeamJoinRequestUseCase {
+export class ApproveTeamJoinRequestUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<ApproveTeamJoinRequestCommandDTO, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly membershipRepository: ITeamMembershipRepository,
   ) {}

packages/racing/application/use-cases/CancelRaceUseCase.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { IRaceRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IRaceRepository';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 
 /**
  * Use Case: CancelRaceUseCase
@@ -13,7 +14,8 @@ export interface CancelRaceCommandDTO {
   raceId: string;
 }
 
-export class CancelRaceUseCase {
+export class CancelRaceUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<CancelRaceCommandDTO, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly raceRepository: IRaceRepository,
   ) {}

packages/racing/application/use-cases/CreateLeagueWithSeasonAndScoringUseCase.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import type { ILeagueRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ILeagueReposit
 import type { ISeasonRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ISeasonRepository';
 import type { ILeagueScoringConfigRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ILeagueScoringConfigRepository';
 import type { LeagueScoringConfig } from '../../domain/entities/LeagueScoringConfig';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 import type {
   LeagueScoringPresetProvider,
   LeagueScoringPresetDTO,
@@ -47,7 +48,8 @@ export interface CreateLeagueWithSeasonAndScoringResultDTO {
   scoringPresetName?: string;
 }
 
-export class CreateLeagueWithSeasonAndScoringUseCase {
+export class CreateLeagueWithSeasonAndScoringUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<CreateLeagueWithSeasonAndScoringCommand, CreateLeagueWithSeasonAndScoringResultDTO> {
   constructor(
     private readonly leagueRepository: ILeagueRepository,
     private readonly seasonRepository: ISeasonRepository,

packages/racing/application/use-cases/CreateTeamUseCase.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import type { ITeamRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ITeamRepository';
 import type { ITeamMembershipRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ITeamMembershipRepository';
+import { Team } from '../../domain/entities/Team';
 import type {
-  Team,
   TeamMembership,
   TeamMembershipStatus,
   TeamRole,
-} from '../../domain/entities/Team';
+} from '../../domain/types/TeamMembership';
 import type {
   CreateTeamCommandDTO,
   CreateTeamResultDTO,

packages/racing/application/use-cases/GetAllLeaguesWithCapacityAndScoringUseCase.ts

@@ -5,12 +5,15 @@ import type { ILeagueScoringConfigRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/I
 import type { IGameRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IGameRepository';
 import type { LeagueScoringPresetProvider } from '../ports/LeagueScoringPresetProvider';
 import type { IAllLeaguesWithCapacityAndScoringPresenter, LeagueEnrichedData } from '../presenters/IAllLeaguesWithCapacityAndScoringPresenter';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 
 /**
  * Use Case for retrieving all leagues with capacity and scoring information.
  * Orchestrates domain logic and delegates presentation to the presenter.
  */
-export class GetAllLeaguesWithCapacityAndScoringUseCase {
+export class GetAllLeaguesWithCapacityAndScoringUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<void, void>
+{
   constructor(
     private readonly leagueRepository: ILeagueRepository,
     private readonly leagueMembershipRepository: ILeagueMembershipRepository,

packages/racing/application/use-cases/GetAllLeaguesWithCapacityUseCase.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 import type { ILeagueRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ILeagueRepository';
 import type { ILeagueMembershipRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ILeagueMembershipRepository';
 import type { IAllLeaguesWithCapacityPresenter } from '../presenters/IAllLeaguesWithCapacityPresenter';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 
 /**
  * Use Case for retrieving all leagues with capacity information.
  * Orchestrates domain logic and delegates presentation to the presenter.
  */
-export class GetAllLeaguesWithCapacityUseCase {
+export class GetAllLeaguesWithCapacityUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<void, void>
+{
   constructor(
     private readonly leagueRepository: ILeagueRepository,
     private readonly leagueMembershipRepository: ILeagueMembershipRepository,

packages/racing/application/use-cases/GetAllRacesPageDataUseCase.ts

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import type {
   AllRacesListItemViewModel,
   AllRacesFilterOptionsViewModel,
 } from '../presenters/IAllRacesPagePresenter';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 
-export class GetAllRacesPageDataUseCase {
+export class GetAllRacesPageDataUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<void, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly raceRepository: IRaceRepository,
     private readonly leagueRepository: ILeagueRepository,

packages/racing/application/use-cases/GetAllTeamsUseCase.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import type { ITeamRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ITeamRepository';
 import type { ITeamMembershipRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ITeamMembershipRepository';
 import type { IAllTeamsPresenter } from '../presenters/IAllTeamsPresenter';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 
 /**
  * Use Case for retrieving all teams.
  * Orchestrates domain logic and delegates presentation to the presenter.
  */
-export class GetAllTeamsUseCase {
+export class GetAllTeamsUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<void, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly teamRepository: ITeamRepository,
     private readonly teamMembershipRepository: ITeamMembershipRepository,

packages/racing/application/use-cases/GetDashboardOverviewUseCase.ts

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ import type { ILeagueRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ILeagueReposit
 import type { IStandingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IStandingRepository';
 import type { ILeagueMembershipRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ILeagueMembershipRepository';
 import type { IRaceRegistrationRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IRaceRegistrationRepository';
-import type { IImageService } from '../../domain/services/IImageService';
+import type { IImageServicePort } from '../ports/IImageServicePort';
 import type { IFeedRepository } from '@gridpilot/social/domain/repositories/IFeedRepository';
 import type { ISocialGraphRepository } from '@gridpilot/social/domain/repositories/ISocialGraphRepository';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 import type {
   IDashboardOverviewPresenter,
   DashboardOverviewViewModel,
@@ -33,7 +34,8 @@ export interface GetDashboardOverviewParams {
   driverId: string;
 }
 
-export class GetDashboardOverviewUseCase {
+export class GetDashboardOverviewUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<GetDashboardOverviewParams, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly driverRepository: IDriverRepository,
     private readonly raceRepository: IRaceRepository,
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ export class GetDashboardOverviewUseCase {
     private readonly raceRegistrationRepository: IRaceRegistrationRepository,
     private readonly feedRepository: IFeedRepository,
     private readonly socialRepository: ISocialGraphRepository,
-    private readonly imageService: IImageService,
+    private readonly imageService: IImageServicePort,
     private readonly getDriverStats: (driverId: string) => DashboardDriverStatsAdapter | null,
     public readonly presenter: IDashboardOverviewPresenter,
   ) {}

packages/racing/application/use-cases/GetDriverTeamUseCase.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import type { ITeamRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ITeamRepository';
 import type { ITeamMembershipRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ITeamMembershipRepository';
 import type { IDriverTeamPresenter } from '../presenters/IDriverTeamPresenter';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 
 /**
  * Use Case for retrieving a driver's team.
  * Orchestrates domain logic and delegates presentation to the presenter.
  */
-export class GetDriverTeamUseCase {
+export class GetDriverTeamUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<string, boolean> {
   constructor(
     private readonly teamRepository: ITeamRepository,
     private readonly membershipRepository: ITeamMembershipRepository,

packages/racing/application/use-cases/GetDriversLeaderboardUseCase.ts

@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 import type { IDriverRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IDriverRepository';
 import type { IRankingService } from '../../domain/services/IRankingService';
 import type { IDriverStatsService } from '../../domain/services/IDriverStatsService';
-import type { IImageService } from '../../domain/services/IImageService';
+import type { IImageServicePort } from '../ports/IImageServicePort';
 import type { IDriversLeaderboardPresenter } from '../presenters/IDriversLeaderboardPresenter';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 
 /**
  * Use Case for retrieving driver leaderboard data.
  * Orchestrates domain logic and delegates presentation to the presenter.
  */
-export class GetDriversLeaderboardUseCase {
+export class GetDriversLeaderboardUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<void, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly driverRepository: IDriverRepository,
     private readonly rankingService: IRankingService,
     private readonly driverStatsService: IDriverStatsService,
-    private readonly imageService: IImageService,
+    private readonly imageService: IImageServicePort,
     public readonly presenter: IDriversLeaderboardPresenter,
   ) {}
 

packages/racing/application/use-cases/GetEntitySponsorshipPricingUseCase.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import type { ISeasonSponsorshipRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/ISe
 import type { SponsorableEntityType } from '../../domain/entities/SponsorshipRequest';
 import type { SponsorshipTier } from '../../domain/entities/SeasonSponsorship';
 import type { IEntitySponsorshipPricingPresenter } from '../presenters/IEntitySponsorshipPricingPresenter';
+import type { AsyncUseCase } from '@gridpilot/shared/application';
 
 export interface GetEntitySponsorshipPricingDTO {
   entityType: SponsorableEntityType;
@@ -38,7 +39,8 @@ export interface GetEntitySponsorshipPricingResultDTO {
   secondarySlot?: SponsorshipSlotDTO;
 }
 
-export class GetEntitySponsorshipPricingUseCase {
+export class GetEntitySponsorshipPricingUseCase
+  implements AsyncUseCase<GetEntitySponsorshipPricingDTO, void> {
   constructor(
     private readonly sponsorshipPricingRepo: ISponsorshipPricingRepository,
     private readonly sponsorshipRequestRepo: ISponsorshipRequestRepository,