From a54df524c761b9b715fff637f0db9dedefd0b091 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marc Mintel <marc@mintel.me>
Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2026 12:17:42 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] feat(analytics): record pageviews server-side only

Umami never received data: the client-side path (browser beacon to
/stats/api/send) has been dead in production. Pageviews are now
classified and recorded entirely on the server in the request proxy;
no tracking script ships to the browser anymore.

- Pure domain decision (decidePageview) filters real page views from
  assets, infrastructure paths, prefetches and bot user agents
- Pure payload builder maps facts onto the Umami send contract as an
  unnamed event, with the client identity travelling in headers
- proxy.ts wires request facts into the domain and fires the send
  without delaying the response; configured via UMAMI_WEBSITE_ID and
  UMAMI_API_ENDPOINT
- Removes the dead client analytics stack (components, adapters,
  /stats proxy route) and its layout mount
---
 apps/web/app/(site)/layout.tsx                |   2 -
 apps/web/app/(site)/stats/api/send/route.ts   |  77 ---------
 apps/web/proxy.ts                             |  55 +++++++
 .../src/analytics/recordPageviewToUmami.ts    |  36 +++++
 apps/web/src/components/Analytics.tsx         | 147 ------------------
 .../analytics/ScrollDepthTracker.tsx          |  70 ---------
 .../components/analytics/analytics-events.ts  |  44 ------
 .../src/components/analytics/useAnalytics.ts  |  40 -----
 .../components/analytics/useSafePathname.ts   |  24 ---
 apps/web/src/domain/pageview-decision.spec.ts | 138 ++++++++++++++++
 apps/web/src/domain/pageview-decision.ts      | 104 +++++++++++++
 apps/web/src/domain/umami-payload.spec.ts     |  49 ++++++
 apps/web/src/domain/umami-payload.ts          |  35 +++++
 apps/web/src/utils/analytics/index.ts         | 137 ----------------
 apps/web/src/utils/analytics/interfaces.ts    |  22 ---
 .../src/utils/analytics/plausible-adapter.ts  |  42 -----
 apps/web/src/utils/analytics/umami-adapter.ts |  78 ----------
 .../utils/error-tracking/glitchtip-adapter.ts |  48 ------
 apps/web/src/utils/error-tracking/index.ts    |  61 --------
 .../src/utils/error-tracking/interfaces.ts    |  29 ----
 20 files changed, 417 insertions(+), 821 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 apps/web/app/(site)/stats/api/send/route.ts
 create mode 100644 apps/web/proxy.ts
 create mode 100644 apps/web/src/analytics/recordPageviewToUmami.ts
 delete mode 100644 apps/web/src/components/Analytics.tsx
 delete mode 100644 apps/web/src/components/analytics/ScrollDepthTracker.tsx
 delete mode 100644 apps/web/src/components/analytics/analytics-events.ts
 delete mode 100644 apps/web/src/components/analytics/useAnalytics.ts
 delete mode 100644 apps/web/src/components/analytics/useSafePathname.ts
 create mode 100644 apps/web/src/domain/pageview-decision.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 apps/web/src/domain/pageview-decision.ts
 create mode 100644 apps/web/src/domain/umami-payload.spec.ts
 create mode 100644 apps/web/src/domain/umami-payload.ts
 delete mode 100644 apps/web/src/utils/analytics/index.ts
 delete mode 100644 apps/web/src/utils/analytics/interfaces.ts
 delete mode 100644 apps/web/src/utils/analytics/plausible-adapter.ts
 delete mode 100644 apps/web/src/utils/analytics/umami-adapter.ts
 delete mode 100644 apps/web/src/utils/error-tracking/glitchtip-adapter.ts
 delete mode 100644 apps/web/src/utils/error-tracking/index.ts
 delete mode 100644 apps/web/src/utils/error-tracking/interfaces.ts

diff --git a/apps/web/app/(site)/layout.tsx b/apps/web/app/(site)/layout.tsx
index 3ff5e85..88fb17a 100644
--- a/apps/web/app/(site)/layout.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/app/(site)/layout.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import type { Metadata } from "next";
 import { Inter, JetBrains_Mono, Newsreader } from "next/font/google";
-import { Analytics } from "@/src/components/Analytics";
 import { BitBurst } from "@/src/components/bits/BitBurst";
 import { Footer } from "@/src/components/Footer";
 import { Header } from "@/src/components/Header";
@@ -72,7 +71,6 @@ export default function RootLayout({
         <Footer />
         <InteractiveElements />
         <BitBurst />
-        <Analytics />
       </body>
     </html>
   );
diff --git a/apps/web/app/(site)/stats/api/send/route.ts b/apps/web/app/(site)/stats/api/send/route.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e5efca..0000000
--- a/apps/web/app/(site)/stats/api/send/route.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from "next/server";
-import { env } from "@/lib/env";
-
-/**
- * Smart Proxy for Umami Analytics.
- *
- * This Route Handler receives tracking events from the browser,
- * injects the secret UMAMI_WEBSITE_ID, and forwards them to the
- * internal Umami API endpoint.
- *
- * This ensures:
- * 1. The Website ID is NOT leaked to the client bundle.
- * 2. The Umami API endpoint is hidden behind our domain.
- * 3. We have full control over the tracking data.
- */
-export async function POST(request: NextRequest) {
-  try {
-    const body = await request.json();
-    const { type, payload } = body;
-
-    // Inject the secret websiteId from server config
-    const websiteId = env.UMAMI_WEBSITE_ID || env.NEXT_PUBLIC_UMAMI_WEBSITE_ID;
-
-    if (!websiteId) {
-      console.warn(
-        "Umami tracking received but no Website ID configured on server",
-      );
-      return NextResponse.json({ status: "ignored" }, { status: 200 });
-    }
-
-    // Prepare the enhanced payload with the secret ID
-    const enhancedPayload = {
-      ...payload,
-      website: websiteId,
-    };
-
-    const umamiEndpoint = env.UMAMI_API_ENDPOINT;
-
-    // Log the event (debug only)
-    if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "development") {
-      console.debug("Forwarding analytics event", {
-        type,
-        url: payload.url,
-        website: websiteId.slice(0, 8) + "...",
-      });
-    }
-
-    const response = await fetch(`${umamiEndpoint}/api/send`, {
-      method: "POST",
-      headers: {
-        "Content-Type": "application/json",
-        "User-Agent": request.headers.get("user-agent") || "Mintel-Smart-Proxy",
-        "X-Forwarded-For": request.headers.get("x-forwarded-for") || "",
-      },
-      body: JSON.stringify({ type, payload: enhancedPayload }),
-    });
-
-    if (!response.ok) {
-      const errorText = await response.text();
-      console.error("Umami API responded with error", {
-        status: response.status,
-        error: errorText.slice(0, 100),
-      });
-      return new NextResponse(errorText, { status: response.status });
-    }
-
-    return NextResponse.json({ status: "ok" });
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error("Failed to proxy analytics request", {
-      error: (error as Error).message,
-    });
-    return NextResponse.json(
-      { error: "Internal Server Error" },
-      { status: 500 },
-    );
-  }
-}
diff --git a/apps/web/proxy.ts b/apps/web/proxy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55fb6fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/web/proxy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * Server request shell. Reads the incoming request once, classifies it via
+ * the pure domain decision, and records a page view without touching the
+ * response. All analytics happen server-side; no tracking script ships to
+ * the browser.
+ */
+
+import { NextResponse, type NextRequest } from "next/server";
+
+import { recordPageviewToUmami } from "@/src/analytics/recordPageviewToUmami";
+import { decidePageview } from "@/src/domain/pageview-decision";
+
+const primaryLanguage = (acceptLanguage: string | null): string =>
+  acceptLanguage?.split(",")[0]?.split(";")[0]?.trim() ?? "";
+
+const firstForwardedIp = (forwardedFor: string | null): string =>
+  forwardedFor?.split(",")[0]?.trim() ?? "";
+
+const hostnameWithoutPort = (host: string): string => host.replace(/:\d+$/, "");
+
+const isPrefetchRequest = (request: NextRequest): boolean =>
+  request.headers.get("next-router-prefetch") === "1" ||
+  request.headers.get("purpose") === "prefetch" ||
+  request.headers.get("sec-purpose") === "prefetch";
+
+export default function proxy(request: NextRequest): NextResponse {
+  const decision = decidePageview({
+    method: request.method,
+    pathname: request.nextUrl.pathname,
+    search: request.nextUrl.search,
+    hostname: hostnameWithoutPort(
+      request.headers.get("x-forwarded-host") ??
+        request.headers.get("host") ??
+        "",
+    ),
+    referrer: request.headers.get("referer") ?? "",
+    language: primaryLanguage(request.headers.get("accept-language")),
+    userAgent: request.headers.get("user-agent") ?? "",
+    clientIp: firstForwardedIp(request.headers.get("x-forwarded-for")),
+    isRscNavigation: request.headers.get("rsc") === "1",
+    isPrefetch: isPrefetchRequest(request),
+  });
+
+  if (decision.track) {
+    recordPageviewToUmami(decision.facts);
+  }
+
+  return NextResponse.next();
+}
+
+export const config = {
+  matcher: [
+    "/((?!_next/static|_next/image|.*\\.(?:png|jpe?g|gif|svg|webp|avif|ico|css|mjs|cjs|js|map|txt|xml|json|webmanifest|woff2?|ttf|otf|mp4|webm|mov|pdf|zip)$).*)",
+  ],
+};
diff --git a/apps/web/src/analytics/recordPageviewToUmami.ts b/apps/web/src/analytics/recordPageviewToUmami.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1602692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/web/src/analytics/recordPageviewToUmami.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Imperative shell for page view analytics: sends one page view to the
+ * Umami collection API, identifying the visitor via request headers.
+ * Fire-and-forget by design — analytics must never delay a response.
+ */
+
+import type { PageviewFacts } from "@/src/domain/pageview-decision";
+import { buildUmamiPageviewBody } from "@/src/domain/umami-payload";
+
+const SEND_TIMEOUT_MS = 3_000;
+
+const websiteId = process.env.UMAMI_WEBSITE_ID ?? "";
+const apiEndpoint = (process.env.UMAMI_API_ENDPOINT ?? "").replace(/\/+$/, "");
+
+export function recordPageviewToUmami(facts: PageviewFacts): void {
+  if (!websiteId || !apiEndpoint) return;
+
+  const body = buildUmamiPageviewBody(facts, websiteId);
+
+  void fetch(`${apiEndpoint}/api/send`, {
+    method: "POST",
+    headers: {
+      "Content-Type": "application/json",
+      "User-Agent": facts.userAgent,
+      "X-Forwarded-For": facts.clientIp,
+      "Accept-Language": facts.language,
+    },
+    body: JSON.stringify(body),
+    signal: AbortSignal.timeout(SEND_TIMEOUT_MS),
+  }).catch((error: unknown) => {
+    console.error("umami pageview send failed", {
+      url: facts.url,
+      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+    });
+  });
+}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/Analytics.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/Analytics.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index ccc1faa..0000000
--- a/apps/web/src/components/Analytics.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-"use client";
-
-import React, { useEffect, Suspense } from "react";
-import {
-  useSafePathname,
-  useSafeSearchParams,
-} from "./analytics/useSafePathname";
-import { ScrollDepthTracker } from "./analytics/ScrollDepthTracker";
-import { getDefaultAnalytics } from "../utils/analytics";
-import { getDefaultErrorTracking } from "../utils/error-tracking";
-
-const AnalyticsInner: React.FC = () => {
-  const pathname = useSafePathname();
-  const searchParams = useSafeSearchParams();
-
-  // Track pageviews on route change
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (!pathname) return;
-
-    const analytics = getDefaultAnalytics();
-    const url = `${pathname}${searchParams?.size ? `?${searchParams.toString()}` : ""}`;
-
-    analytics.page(url);
-  }, [pathname, searchParams]);
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    const analytics = getDefaultAnalytics();
-    const errorTracking = getDefaultErrorTracking();
-
-    // Track page load performance
-    const trackPageLoad = () => {
-      // ... existing implementation ...
-      const perfData = performance.getEntriesByType(
-        "navigation",
-      )[0] as PerformanceNavigationTiming;
-      if (
-        perfData &&
-        typeof perfData.loadEventEnd === "number" &&
-        typeof perfData.startTime === "number"
-      ) {
-        const loadTime = perfData.loadEventEnd - perfData.startTime;
-        analytics.trackPageLoad(
-          loadTime,
-          window.location.pathname,
-          navigator.userAgent,
-        );
-      }
-    };
-
-    // Track outbound links
-    const trackOutboundLinks = () => {
-      document.querySelectorAll('a[href^="http"]').forEach((link) => {
-        const anchor = link as HTMLAnchorElement;
-        if (!anchor.href.includes(window.location.hostname)) {
-          anchor.addEventListener("click", () => {
-            analytics.trackOutboundLink(
-              anchor.href,
-              anchor.textContent?.trim() || "unknown",
-            );
-          });
-        }
-      });
-    };
-
-    // Track search
-    const trackSearch = () => {
-      const searchInput = document.querySelector(
-        'input[type="search"]',
-      ) as HTMLInputElement;
-      if (searchInput) {
-        const handleSearch = (e: Event) => {
-          const target = e.target as HTMLInputElement;
-          if (target.value) {
-            analytics.trackSearch(target.value, window.location.pathname);
-          }
-        };
-        searchInput.addEventListener("search", handleSearch);
-        return () => searchInput.removeEventListener("search", handleSearch);
-      }
-    };
-
-    // Global error handler for error tracking
-    const handleGlobalError = (event: ErrorEvent) => {
-      errorTracking.captureException(event.error || event.message);
-    };
-
-    const handleUnhandledRejection = (event: PromiseRejectionEvent) => {
-      errorTracking.captureException(event.reason);
-    };
-
-    window.addEventListener("error", handleGlobalError);
-    window.addEventListener("unhandledrejection", handleUnhandledRejection);
-
-    // Initial load tracking
-    if (document.readyState === "complete") {
-      trackPageLoad();
-      trackOutboundLinks();
-      const cleanupSearch = trackSearch();
-      return () => {
-        if (cleanupSearch) cleanupSearch();
-        window.removeEventListener("error", handleGlobalError);
-        window.removeEventListener(
-          "unhandledrejection",
-          handleUnhandledRejection,
-        );
-      };
-    } else {
-      window.addEventListener("load", () => {
-        trackPageLoad();
-        trackOutboundLinks();
-        // search tracking might need to wait for hydration/render
-      });
-      // Fallback/standard cleanup
-      return () => {
-        window.removeEventListener("error", handleGlobalError);
-        window.removeEventListener(
-          "unhandledrejection",
-          handleUnhandledRejection,
-        );
-      };
-    }
-  }, []);
-
-  const analytics = getDefaultAnalytics();
-  const adapter = analytics.getAdapter();
-  const scriptTag = adapter.getScriptTag ? adapter.getScriptTag() : null;
-
-  return (
-    <>
-      <ScrollDepthTracker />
-      {scriptTag && (
-        <div
-          dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: scriptTag }}
-          style={{ display: "none" }}
-        />
-      )}
-    </>
-  );
-};
-
-export const Analytics: React.FC = () => {
-  return (
-    <Suspense fallback={null}>
-      <AnalyticsInner />
-    </Suspense>
-  );
-};
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/analytics/ScrollDepthTracker.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/analytics/ScrollDepthTracker.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index 91c0f71..0000000
--- a/apps/web/src/components/analytics/ScrollDepthTracker.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-"use client";
-
-import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";
-import { useSafePathname } from "./useSafePathname";
-import { useAnalytics } from "./useAnalytics";
-import { AnalyticsEvents } from "./analytics-events";
-
-/**
- * ScrollDepthTracker
- * Tracks user scroll progress across pages.
- * Fires events at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% depth.
- */
-export function ScrollDepthTracker() {
-  const pathname = useSafePathname();
-  const { trackEvent } = useAnalytics();
-  const trackedDepths = useRef<Set<number>>(new Set());
-
-  // Reset tracking when path changes
-  useEffect(() => {
-    trackedDepths.current.clear();
-  }, [pathname]);
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    const handleScroll = () => {
-      const scrollY = window.scrollY;
-      const windowHeight = window.innerHeight;
-      const documentHeight = document.documentElement.scrollHeight;
-
-      // Calculate how far the user has scrolled in percentage
-      // documentHeight - windowHeight is the total scrollable distance
-      const totalScrollable = documentHeight - windowHeight;
-      if (totalScrollable <= 0) return; // Not scrollable
-
-      const scrollPercentage = Math.round((scrollY / totalScrollable) * 100);
-
-      // We only care about specific milestones
-      const milestones = [25, 50, 75, 100];
-
-      milestones.forEach((milestone) => {
-        if (
-          scrollPercentage >= milestone &&
-          !trackedDepths.current.has(milestone)
-        ) {
-          trackedDepths.current.add(milestone);
-          trackEvent(AnalyticsEvents.SCROLL_DEPTH, {
-            depth: milestone,
-            path: pathname,
-          });
-        }
-      });
-    };
-
-    // Use passive listener for better performance
-    window.addEventListener("scroll", handleScroll, { passive: true });
-
-    // Initial check (in case page is short or already scrolled)
-    if (document.readyState === "complete") {
-      handleScroll();
-    } else {
-      window.addEventListener("load", handleScroll);
-    }
-
-    return () => {
-      window.removeEventListener("scroll", handleScroll);
-      window.removeEventListener("load", handleScroll);
-    };
-  }, [pathname, trackEvent]);
-
-  return null;
-}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/analytics/analytics-events.ts b/apps/web/src/components/analytics/analytics-events.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index d4d2b7f..0000000
--- a/apps/web/src/components/analytics/analytics-events.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Analytics Events Utility
- *
- * Centralized definitions for common analytics events and their properties.
- */
-
-export const AnalyticsEvents = {
-  // Page & Navigation Events
-  PAGE_VIEW: "pageview",
-  PAGE_SCROLL: "page_scroll",
-  PAGE_EXIT: "page_exit",
-  SCROLL_DEPTH: "scroll_depth",
-
-  // User Interaction Events
-  BUTTON_CLICK: "button_click",
-  LINK_CLICK: "link_click",
-  FORM_SUBMIT: "form_submit",
-  FORM_START: "form_start",
-  FORM_ERROR: "form_error",
-  FORM_FIELD_FOCUS: "form_field_focus",
-
-  // UI Interaction Events
-  MODAL_OPEN: "modal_open",
-  MODAL_CLOSE: "modal_close",
-  TOGGLE_SWITCH: "toggle_switch",
-  ACCORDION_TOGGLE: "accordion_toggle",
-  TAB_SWITCH: "tab_switch",
-
-  // Error & Performance Events
-  ERROR: "error",
-  PERFORMANCE: "performance",
-  API_ERROR: "api_error",
-  API_SUCCESS: "api_success",
-
-  // Custom Business Events
-  CONTACT_FORM_SUBMIT: "contact_form_submit",
-  NEWSLETTER_SUBSCRIBE: "newsletter_subscribe",
-} as const;
-
-/**
- * Type-safe event properties for common events
- */
-export type AnalyticsEventName =
-  (typeof AnalyticsEvents)[keyof typeof AnalyticsEvents];
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/analytics/useAnalytics.ts b/apps/web/src/components/analytics/useAnalytics.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 73935e4..0000000
--- a/apps/web/src/components/analytics/useAnalytics.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-"use client";
-
-import { useCallback } from "react";
-import { getDefaultAnalytics } from "../../utils/analytics";
-import type { AnalyticsEventName } from "./analytics-events";
-
-/**
- * Custom hook for tracking analytics events.
- * Wraps the analytics service for easy use in components.
- */
-export function useAnalytics() {
-  const trackEvent = useCallback(
-    (
-      eventName: string | AnalyticsEventName,
-      properties?: Record<string, any>,
-    ) => {
-      const analytics = getDefaultAnalytics();
-      analytics.trackEvent(eventName, properties);
-
-      if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "development") {
-        console.debug("[Analytics] Tracked event:", eventName, properties);
-      }
-    },
-    [],
-  );
-
-  const trackPageview = useCallback((url?: string) => {
-    const analytics = getDefaultAnalytics();
-    analytics.page(url || window.location.pathname);
-
-    if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "development") {
-      console.debug("[Analytics] Tracked pageview:", url ?? "current location");
-    }
-  }, []);
-
-  return {
-    trackEvent,
-    trackPageview,
-  };
-}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/analytics/useSafePathname.ts b/apps/web/src/components/analytics/useSafePathname.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 51136f0..0000000
--- a/apps/web/src/components/analytics/useSafePathname.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-"use client";
-import { usePathname, useSearchParams } from "next/navigation";
-
-export function useSafePathname(): string | null {
-    try {
-        return usePathname();
-    } catch (error) {
-        if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "development") {
-            console.warn("Caught usePathname exception (likely Next.js static prerender bug):", error);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-}
-
-export function useSafeSearchParams() {
-    try {
-        return useSearchParams();
-    } catch (error) {
-        if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "development") {
-            console.warn("Caught useSearchParams exception (likely Next.js static prerender bug):", error);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/domain/pageview-decision.spec.ts b/apps/web/src/domain/pageview-decision.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ee54bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/web/src/domain/pageview-decision.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  decidePageview,
+  type IncomingPageviewRequest,
+} from "./pageview-decision";
+
+const humanRequest = (
+  overrides: Partial<IncomingPageviewRequest> = {},
+): IncomingPageviewRequest => ({
+  method: "GET",
+  pathname: "/",
+  search: "",
+  hostname: "mintel.me",
+  referrer: "",
+  language: "de-DE",
+  userAgent: "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) Chrome/131.0.0.0",
+  clientIp: "84.117.2.55",
+  isRscNavigation: false,
+  isPrefetch: false,
+  ...overrides,
+});
+
+describe("decidePageview", () => {
+  it("tracks a document request for the homepage", () => {
+    const decision = decidePageview(humanRequest());
+    expect(decision).toEqual({
+      track: true,
+      facts: {
+        url: "/",
+        hostname: "mintel.me",
+        referrer: "",
+        language: "de-DE",
+        userAgent: humanRequest().userAgent,
+        clientIp: "84.117.2.55",
+      },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("keeps the query string in the tracked url", () => {
+    const decision = decidePageview(
+      humanRequest({ pathname: "/imprint", search: "?from=footer" }),
+    );
+    expect(decision).toMatchObject({
+      track: true,
+      facts: { url: "/imprint?from=footer" },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("tracks a blog-style slug that merely contains a file-like segment", () => {
+    const decision = decidePageview(
+      humanRequest({ pathname: "/blog/next.js-vs-remix" }),
+    );
+    expect(decision).toMatchObject({ track: true });
+  });
+
+  it("tracks a slug that merely starts like a metadata image route", () => {
+    const decision = decidePageview(
+      humanRequest({ pathname: "/notes/opengraph-image-deep-dive" }),
+    );
+    expect(decision).toMatchObject({ track: true });
+  });
+
+  it("tracks a client-side route change (RSC navigation without prefetch)", () => {
+    const decision = decidePageview(humanRequest({ isRscNavigation: true }));
+    expect(decision).toMatchObject({ track: true });
+  });
+
+  it("accepts the method in lower case", () => {
+    const decision = decidePageview(humanRequest({ method: "get" }));
+    expect(decision).toMatchObject({ track: true });
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ["a form submission", { method: "POST" }],
+    ["a head request", { method: "HEAD" }],
+    ["an options probe", { method: "OPTIONS" }],
+  ])("skips %s", (_label, overrides) => {
+    const decision = decidePageview(humanRequest(overrides));
+    expect(decision).toEqual({ track: false, reason: "non-get-method" });
+  });
+
+  it("skips a router prefetch", () => {
+    const decision = decidePageview(humanRequest({ isPrefetch: true }));
+    expect(decision).toEqual({ track: false, reason: "prefetch" });
+  });
+
+  it("skips a prefetch even when the agent is a bot", () => {
+    const decision = decidePageview(
+      humanRequest({ isPrefetch: true, userAgent: "curl/8.1.2" }),
+    );
+    expect(decision).toEqual({ track: false, reason: "prefetch" });
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ["a next build chunk", "/_next/static/chunks/main-abc123.js"],
+    ["a next image request", "/_next/image"],
+    ["a public image", "/images/portrait.webp"],
+    ["a jpeg photo", "/images/photo.jpg"],
+    ["a woff font", "/fonts/inter.woff"],
+    ["a font", "/fonts/inter.woff2"],
+    ["a feed document", "/rss.xml"],
+    ["the sitemap", "/sitemap.xml"],
+    ["the robots file", "/robots.txt"],
+    ["the web manifest", "/manifest.webmanifest"],
+    ["an open graph image route", "/opengraph-image"],
+    ["a twitter image route", "/twitter-image"],
+    ["a favicon", "/favicon.ico"],
+  ])("skips %s at %s", (_label, pathname) => {
+    const decision = decidePageview(humanRequest({ pathname }));
+    expect(decision).toEqual({ track: false, reason: "static-asset" });
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ["the analytics proxy", "/stats/api/send"],
+    ["the error relay", "/errors/api/relay"],
+    ["an api route", "/api/contact"],
+    ["the api health check", "/api/health"],
+    ["the health check", "/health"],
+    ["the gatekeeper", "/gatekeeper/api/verify"],
+    ["a well-known challenge", "/.well-known/acme-challenge/token"],
+  ])("skips %s at %s", (_label, pathname) => {
+    const decision = decidePageview(humanRequest({ pathname }));
+    expect(decision).toEqual({ track: false, reason: "infrastructure-path" });
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ["curl", "curl/8.1.2"],
+    ["wget", "Wget/1.21"],
+    ["python requests", "python-requests/2.31"],
+    ["go http", "Go-http-client/2.0"],
+    ["uptime kuma", "Uptime-Kuma/1.23.11"],
+    ["a crawler", "Googlebot/2.1 (+http://www.google.com/bot.html)"],
+    ["a link preview", "WhatsApp/2.23.20.0"],
+  ])("skips the %s user agent", (_label, userAgent) => {
+    const decision = decidePageview(humanRequest({ userAgent }));
+    expect(decision).toEqual({ track: false, reason: "bot-user-agent" });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/web/src/domain/pageview-decision.ts b/apps/web/src/domain/pageview-decision.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58b423e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/web/src/domain/pageview-decision.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+ * Decides whether an incoming HTTP request represents a human page view,
+ * and distils the request into the facts a page view consists of.
+ * Pure classification for use in the request shell (src/proxy.ts).
+ */
+
+export type IncomingPageviewRequest = {
+  readonly method: string;
+  readonly pathname: string;
+  readonly search: string;
+  readonly hostname: string;
+  readonly referrer: string;
+  readonly language: string;
+  readonly userAgent: string;
+  readonly clientIp: string;
+  readonly isRscNavigation: boolean;
+  readonly isPrefetch: boolean;
+};
+
+export type PageviewFacts = {
+  readonly url: string;
+  readonly hostname: string;
+  readonly referrer: string;
+  readonly language: string;
+  readonly userAgent: string;
+  readonly clientIp: string;
+};
+
+export type PageviewSkipReason =
+  | "non-get-method"
+  | "prefetch"
+  | "static-asset"
+  | "infrastructure-path"
+  | "bot-user-agent";
+
+export type PageviewDecision =
+  | { readonly track: true; readonly facts: PageviewFacts }
+  | { readonly track: false; readonly reason: PageviewSkipReason };
+
+const NEXT_INTERNAL_PREFIX = "/_next/";
+
+const STATIC_FILE_PATTERN =
+  /\.(?:png|jpe?g|gif|svg|webp|avif|ico|css|mjs|cjs|js|map|txt|xml|json|webmanifest|woff2?|ttf|otf|eot|mp4|webm|mov|avi|pdf|zip|gz|csv)$/i;
+
+const METADATA_IMAGE_ROUTES =
+  /\/(?:opengraph-image|twitter-image|apple-icon|icon)$/;
+
+const INFRASTRUCTURE_PATH_PREFIXES = [
+  "/api/",
+  "/stats/",
+  "/errors/",
+  "/gatekeeper/",
+  "/directus/",
+  "/assets/",
+  "/showcase/",
+  "/.well-known/",
+] as const;
+
+// The only infrastructure path that is neither prefixed nor a static
+// file extension.
+const INFRASTRUCTURE_HEALTH_PATH = "/health";
+
+const BOT_USER_AGENT_PATTERN =
+  /bot|crawl|spider|slurp|curl|wget|python-requests|go-http-client|uptime|whatsapp|facebook|slack|headless/i;
+
+export function decidePageview(
+  request: IncomingPageviewRequest,
+): PageviewDecision {
+  if (request.method.toUpperCase() !== "GET") {
+    return { track: false, reason: "non-get-method" };
+  }
+  if (request.isPrefetch) {
+    return { track: false, reason: "prefetch" };
+  }
+  if (BOT_USER_AGENT_PATTERN.test(request.userAgent)) {
+    return { track: false, reason: "bot-user-agent" };
+  }
+  if (
+    request.pathname.startsWith(NEXT_INTERNAL_PREFIX) ||
+    STATIC_FILE_PATTERN.test(request.pathname) ||
+    METADATA_IMAGE_ROUTES.test(request.pathname)
+  ) {
+    return { track: false, reason: "static-asset" };
+  }
+  if (
+    request.pathname === INFRASTRUCTURE_HEALTH_PATH ||
+    INFRASTRUCTURE_PATH_PREFIXES.some((prefix) =>
+      request.pathname.startsWith(prefix),
+    )
+  ) {
+    return { track: false, reason: "infrastructure-path" };
+  }
+  return {
+    track: true,
+    facts: {
+      url: `${request.pathname}${request.search}`,
+      hostname: request.hostname,
+      referrer: request.referrer,
+      language: request.language,
+      userAgent: request.userAgent,
+      clientIp: request.clientIp,
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/domain/umami-payload.spec.ts b/apps/web/src/domain/umami-payload.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd5d551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/web/src/domain/umami-payload.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { buildUmamiPageviewBody } from "./umami-payload";
+import type { PageviewFacts } from "./pageview-decision";
+
+const facts = (): PageviewFacts => ({
+  url: "/work?ref=linkedin",
+  hostname: "mintel.me",
+  referrer: "https://www.google.com/",
+  language: "de-DE",
+  userAgent: "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) Chrome/131.0.0.0",
+  clientIp: "84.117.2.55",
+});
+
+describe("buildUmamiPageviewBody", () => {
+  it("maps the facts onto the umami send contract", () => {
+    expect(buildUmamiPageviewBody(facts(), "b903-website")).toEqual({
+      type: "event",
+      payload: {
+        website: "b903-website",
+        hostname: "mintel.me",
+        language: "de-DE",
+        referrer: "https://www.google.com/",
+        url: "/work?ref=linkedin",
+      },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("sends the pageview as an unnamed event, never as a named custom event", () => {
+    const body = buildUmamiPageviewBody(facts(), "b903-website");
+    expect(body.payload).not.toHaveProperty("name");
+    expect(body.payload).not.toHaveProperty("data");
+  });
+
+  it("preserves an empty referrer as an empty string", () => {
+    const body = buildUmamiPageviewBody(
+      { ...facts(), referrer: "" },
+      "b903-website",
+    );
+    expect(body.payload.referrer).toBe("");
+  });
+
+  it("carries the client identity fields for the sender, outside the payload", () => {
+    const body = buildUmamiPageviewBody(facts(), "b903-website");
+    expect(body).not.toHaveProperty("userAgent");
+    expect(body).not.toHaveProperty("clientIp");
+    expect(body.payload).not.toHaveProperty("userAgent");
+    expect(body.payload).not.toHaveProperty("clientIp");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/web/src/domain/umami-payload.ts b/apps/web/src/domain/umami-payload.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a293c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/web/src/domain/umami-payload.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+ * Maps page view facts onto the Umami /api/send contract.
+ * A page view is an unnamed event: no `name`, no `data`.
+ * The client identity (user agent, IP) travels as request headers, not in
+ * the payload — see src/analytics/recordPageviewToUmami.ts.
+ */
+
+import type { PageviewFacts } from "./pageview-decision";
+
+export type UmamiSendBody = {
+  readonly type: "event";
+  readonly payload: {
+    readonly website: string;
+    readonly hostname: string;
+    readonly language: string;
+    readonly referrer: string;
+    readonly url: string;
+  };
+};
+
+export function buildUmamiPageviewBody(
+  facts: PageviewFacts,
+  websiteId: string,
+): UmamiSendBody {
+  return {
+    type: "event",
+    payload: {
+      website: websiteId,
+      hostname: facts.hostname,
+      language: facts.language,
+      referrer: facts.referrer,
+      url: facts.url,
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/utils/analytics/index.ts b/apps/web/src/utils/analytics/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 334f095..0000000
--- a/apps/web/src/utils/analytics/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Analytics Service - Main entry point with DI
- * Clean constructor-based dependency injection
- */
-
-import type {
-  AnalyticsAdapter,
-  AnalyticsEvent,
-  AnalyticsConfig,
-} from "./interfaces";
-import { PlausibleAdapter } from "./plausible-adapter";
-import { UmamiAdapter, type UmamiConfig } from "./umami-adapter";
-
-export class AnalyticsService {
-  private adapter: AnalyticsAdapter;
-
-  /**
-   * Create analytics service with dependency injection
-   * @param adapter - Analytics adapter implementation
-   */
-  constructor(adapter: AnalyticsAdapter) {
-    this.adapter = adapter;
-  }
-
-  getAdapter(): AnalyticsAdapter {
-    return this.adapter;
-  }
-
-  async track(event: AnalyticsEvent): Promise<void> {
-    return this.adapter.track(event);
-  }
-
-  async page(path: string, props?: Record<string, any>): Promise<void> {
-    if (this.adapter.page) {
-      return this.adapter.page(path, props);
-    }
-    return this.track({ name: "Pageview", props: { path, ...props } });
-  }
-
-  async identify(userId: string, traits?: Record<string, any>): Promise<void> {
-    if (this.adapter.identify) {
-      return this.adapter.identify(userId, traits);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Convenience methods
-  async trackEvent(name: string, props?: Record<string, any>): Promise<void> {
-    return this.track({ name, props });
-  }
-
-  async trackOutboundLink(url: string, text: string): Promise<void> {
-    return this.track({
-      name: "Outbound Link",
-      props: { url, text },
-    });
-  }
-
-  async trackSearch(query: string, path: string): Promise<void> {
-    return this.track({
-      name: "Search",
-      props: { query, path },
-    });
-  }
-
-  async trackPageLoad(
-    loadTime: number,
-    path: string,
-    userAgent: string,
-  ): Promise<void> {
-    return this.track({
-      name: "Page Load",
-      props: { loadTime: Math.round(loadTime), path, userAgent },
-    });
-  }
-}
-
-// Factory functions
-export function createPlausibleAnalytics(
-  config: AnalyticsConfig,
-): AnalyticsService {
-  return new AnalyticsService(new PlausibleAdapter(config));
-}
-
-export function createUmamiAnalytics(config: UmamiConfig): AnalyticsService {
-  return new AnalyticsService(new UmamiAdapter(config));
-}
-
-// Default singleton
-let defaultAnalytics: AnalyticsService | null = null;
-
-import { env } from "@/lib/env";
-
-export function getDefaultAnalytics(): AnalyticsService {
-  if (!defaultAnalytics) {
-    const provider = env.NEXT_PUBLIC_ANALYTICS_PROVIDER;
-
-    if (provider === "umami") {
-      defaultAnalytics = createUmamiAnalytics({
-        hostUrl: env.UMAMI_API_ENDPOINT,
-      });
-    } else if (provider === "plausible") {
-      defaultAnalytics = createPlausibleAnalytics({
-        domain: env.NEXT_PUBLIC_PLAUSIBLE_DOMAIN,
-        scriptUrl: env.NEXT_PUBLIC_PLAUSIBLE_SCRIPT_URL,
-      });
-    } else {
-      // No analytics provider configured
-      return {
-        getAdapter: () => ({
-          track: async () => {},
-          page: async () => {},
-          getScriptTag: () => null,
-        }),
-        track: async () => {},
-        page: async () => {},
-        identify: async () => {},
-        trackEvent: async () => {},
-        trackOutboundLink: async () => {},
-        trackSearch: async () => {},
-        trackPageLoad: async () => {},
-      } as any;
-    }
-  }
-  return defaultAnalytics;
-}
-
-// Convenience function
-export async function track(
-  name: string,
-  props?: Record<string, any>,
-): Promise<void> {
-  return getDefaultAnalytics().trackEvent(name, props);
-}
-
-// Re-export for advanced usage
-export type { AnalyticsAdapter, AnalyticsEvent, AnalyticsConfig };
-export { PlausibleAdapter };
diff --git a/apps/web/src/utils/analytics/interfaces.ts b/apps/web/src/utils/analytics/interfaces.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 72adbb1..0000000
--- a/apps/web/src/utils/analytics/interfaces.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Analytics interfaces - decoupled contracts
- */
-
-
-
-export interface AnalyticsEvent {
-  name: string;
-  props?: Record<string, any>;
-}
-
-export interface AnalyticsAdapter {
-  track(event: AnalyticsEvent): Promise<void>;
-  identify?(_userId: string, _traits?: Record<string, any>): Promise<void>;
-  page?(_path: string, _props?: Record<string, any>): Promise<void>;
-  getScriptTag?(): string;
-}
-
-export interface AnalyticsConfig {
-  domain?: string;
-  scriptUrl?: string;
-}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/utils/analytics/plausible-adapter.ts b/apps/web/src/utils/analytics/plausible-adapter.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 4da9a83..0000000
--- a/apps/web/src/utils/analytics/plausible-adapter.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Plausible Analytics Adapter
- * Decoupled implementation
- */
-
-import type {
-  AnalyticsAdapter,
-  AnalyticsEvent,
-  AnalyticsConfig,
-} from "./interfaces";
-
-export class PlausibleAdapter implements AnalyticsAdapter {
-  private domain: string;
-  private scriptUrl: string;
-
-  constructor(config: AnalyticsConfig) {
-    this.domain = config.domain || "";
-    this.scriptUrl = config.scriptUrl || "";
-  }
-
-  async track(event: AnalyticsEvent): Promise<void> {
-    if (typeof window === "undefined") return;
-
-    const w = window as any;
-    if (w.plausible) {
-      w.plausible(event.name, {
-        props: event.props,
-      });
-    }
-  }
-
-  async page(path: string, props?: Record<string, any>): Promise<void> {
-    await this.track({
-      name: "Pageview",
-      props: { path, ...props },
-    });
-  }
-
-  getScriptTag(): string {
-    return `<script defer data-domain="${this.domain}" src="${this.scriptUrl}"></script>`;
-  }
-}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/utils/analytics/umami-adapter.ts b/apps/web/src/utils/analytics/umami-adapter.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index f353251..0000000
--- a/apps/web/src/utils/analytics/umami-adapter.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Umami Analytics Adapter
- * Decoupled implementation
- */
-
-import type {
-  AnalyticsAdapter,
-  AnalyticsEvent,
-  AnalyticsConfig,
-} from "./interfaces";
-
-export interface UmamiConfig extends AnalyticsConfig {
-  hostUrl?: string; // Optional, defaults to env var on server
-}
-
-export class UmamiAdapter implements AnalyticsAdapter {
-  private hostUrl: string;
-
-  constructor(config: UmamiConfig) {
-    this.hostUrl = config.hostUrl || "https://analytics.infra.mintel.me";
-  }
-
-  private async sendPayload(type: "event", data: Record<string, any>) {
-    try {
-      if (typeof window === "undefined") return;
-
-      const payload = {
-        hostname: window.location.hostname,
-        screen: `${window.screen.width}x${window.screen.height}`,
-        language: navigator.language,
-        referrer: document.referrer,
-        ...data,
-      };
-
-      await fetch("/stats/api/send", {
-        method: "POST",
-        headers: {
-          "Content-Type": "application/json",
-        },
-        body: JSON.stringify({ type, payload }),
-        keepalive: true,
-      });
-    } catch (e) {
-      console.error("Failed to send analytics", e);
-    }
-  }
-
-  async track(event: AnalyticsEvent): Promise<void> {
-    if (typeof window === "undefined") return;
-
-    await this.sendPayload("event", {
-      name: event.name,
-      data: event.props,
-      url: window.location.pathname + window.location.search,
-    });
-  }
-
-  async page(path: string, props?: Record<string, any>): Promise<void> {
-    if (typeof window === "undefined") return;
-
-    await this.sendPayload("event", {
-      url: path,
-      ...props,
-    });
-  }
-
-  async identify(
-    _userId: string,
-    _traits?: Record<string, any>,
-  ): Promise<void> {
-    // Not implemented in this version
-  }
-
-  // No script tag needed for proxy mode
-  getScriptTag(): string {
-    return "";
-  }
-}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/utils/error-tracking/glitchtip-adapter.ts b/apps/web/src/utils/error-tracking/glitchtip-adapter.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e3f6fdd..0000000
--- a/apps/web/src/utils/error-tracking/glitchtip-adapter.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * GlitchTip Error Tracking Adapter
- * GlitchTip is Sentry-compatible.
- * This version uses the official @sentry/nextjs SDK.
- */
-
-import * as Sentry from "@sentry/nextjs";
-import type {
-  ErrorTrackingAdapter,
-  ErrorContext,
-  ErrorTrackingConfig,
-} from "./interfaces";
-
-export class GlitchTipAdapter implements ErrorTrackingAdapter {
-  constructor(_config: ErrorTrackingConfig) {
-    // Sentry is initialized via sentry.*.config.ts files
-  }
-
-  captureException(error: any, context?: ErrorContext): void {
-    Sentry.captureException(error, {
-      extra: context?.extra,
-      tags: context?.tags,
-      user: context?.user as any,
-      level: context?.level as any,
-    });
-  }
-
-  captureMessage(message: string, context?: ErrorContext): void {
-    Sentry.captureMessage(message, {
-      extra: context?.extra,
-      tags: context?.tags,
-      user: context?.user as any,
-      level: context?.level as any,
-    });
-  }
-
-  setUser(user: ErrorContext["user"]): void {
-    Sentry.setUser(user as any);
-  }
-
-  setTag(key: string, value: string): void {
-    Sentry.setTag(key, value);
-  }
-
-  setExtra(key: string, value: any): void {
-    Sentry.setExtra(key, value);
-  }
-}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/utils/error-tracking/index.ts b/apps/web/src/utils/error-tracking/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 128533d..0000000
--- a/apps/web/src/utils/error-tracking/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Error Tracking Service - Main entry point with DI
- */
-
-import type { ErrorTrackingAdapter, ErrorContext, ErrorTrackingConfig } from './interfaces';
-import { GlitchTipAdapter } from './glitchtip-adapter';
-
-export class ErrorTrackingService {
-  private adapter: ErrorTrackingAdapter;
-
-  constructor(adapter: ErrorTrackingAdapter) {
-    this.adapter = adapter;
-  }
-
-  captureException(error: any, context?: ErrorContext): void {
-    this.adapter.captureException(error, context);
-  }
-
-  captureMessage(message: string, context?: ErrorContext): void {
-    this.adapter.captureMessage(message, context);
-  }
-
-  setUser(user: ErrorContext['user']): void {
-    this.adapter.setUser(user);
-  }
-
-  setTag(key: string, value: string): void {
-    this.adapter.setTag(key, value);
-  }
-
-  setExtra(key: string, value: any): void {
-    this.adapter.setExtra(key, value);
-  }
-}
-
-// Factory function
-export function createGlitchTipErrorTracking(config: ErrorTrackingConfig): ErrorTrackingService {
-  return new ErrorTrackingService(new GlitchTipAdapter(config));
-}
-
-// Default singleton
-let defaultErrorTracking: ErrorTrackingService | null = null;
-
-export function getDefaultErrorTracking(): ErrorTrackingService {
-  if (!defaultErrorTracking) {
-    defaultErrorTracking = createGlitchTipErrorTracking({
-      dsn: process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_GLITCHTIP_DSN || '',
-      environment: process.env.NODE_ENV,
-    });
-  }
-  return defaultErrorTracking;
-}
-
-// Convenience functions
-export function captureException(error: any, context?: ErrorContext): void {
-  getDefaultErrorTracking().captureException(error, context);
-}
-
-export function captureMessage(message: string, context?: ErrorContext): void {
-  getDefaultErrorTracking().captureMessage(message, context);
-}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/utils/error-tracking/interfaces.ts b/apps/web/src/utils/error-tracking/interfaces.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 58926cb..0000000
--- a/apps/web/src/utils/error-tracking/interfaces.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Error Tracking interfaces - decoupled contracts
- */
-
-export interface ErrorContext {
-  extra?: Record<string, any>;
-  tags?: Record<string, string>;
-  user?: {
-    id?: string;
-    email?: string;
-    username?: string;
-  };
-  level?: 'fatal' | 'error' | 'warning' | 'info' | 'debug';
-}
-
-export interface ErrorTrackingAdapter {
-  captureException(_error: any, _context?: ErrorContext): void;
-  captureMessage(_message: string, _context?: ErrorContext): void;
-  setUser(_user: ErrorContext['user']): void;
-  setTag(_key: string, _value: string): void;
-  setExtra(_key: string, _value: any): void;
-}
-
-export interface ErrorTrackingConfig {
-  dsn: string;
-  environment?: string;
-  release?: string;
-  debug?: boolean;
-}