rating

core/identity/application/dtos/AdminVoteSessionDto.ts

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+/**
+ * DTOs for Admin Vote Session Use Cases
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Input for OpenAdminVoteSessionUseCase
+ */
+export interface OpenAdminVoteSessionInput {
+  voteSessionId: string;
+  leagueId: string;
+  adminId: string;
+  startDate: string; // ISO date string
+  endDate: string; // ISO date string
+  eligibleVoters: string[]; // User IDs
+}
+
+/**
+ * Output for OpenAdminVoteSessionUseCase
+ */
+export interface OpenAdminVoteSessionOutput {
+  success: boolean;
+  voteSessionId: string;
+  errors?: string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Input for CastAdminVoteUseCase
+ */
+export interface CastAdminVoteInput {
+  voteSessionId: string;
+  voterId: string;
+  positive: boolean; // true = positive vote, false = negative vote
+  votedAt?: string; // ISO date string (optional, defaults to now)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Output for CastAdminVoteUseCase
+ */
+export interface CastAdminVoteOutput {
+  success: boolean;
+  voteSessionId: string;
+  voterId: string;
+  errors?: string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Input for CloseAdminVoteSessionUseCase
+ */
+export interface CloseAdminVoteSessionInput {
+  voteSessionId: string;
+  adminId: string; // For validation
+}
+
+/**
+ * Output for CloseAdminVoteSessionUseCase
+ */
+export interface CloseAdminVoteSessionOutput {
+  success: boolean;
+  voteSessionId: string;
+  outcome?: {
+    percentPositive: number;
+    count: {
+      positive: number;
+      negative: number;
+      total: number;
+    };
+    eligibleVoterCount: number;
+    participationRate: number;
+    outcome: 'positive' | 'negative' | 'tie';
+  };
+  eventsCreated?: number;
+  errors?: string[];
+}

core/identity/application/dtos/CreateRatingEventDto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/**
+ * DTO: CreateRatingEventDto
+ * 
+ * Input for creating a rating event from external sources
+ */
+
+export interface CreateRatingEventDto {
+  userId: string;
+  dimension: string;
+  delta: number;
+  weight?: number;
+  sourceType: 'race' | 'penalty' | 'vote' | 'adminAction' | 'manualAdjustment';
+  sourceId: string;
+  reasonCode: string;
+  reasonSummary: string;
+  reasonDetails?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  occurredAt?: string; // ISO date string
+}

core/identity/application/dtos/EligibilityFilterDto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * DTO: EligibilityFilterDto
+ * 
+ * DSL-based eligibility filter for league/competition rules.
+ * Example: "platform.driving >= 55 OR external.iracing.iRating between 2000 2500"
+ */
+
+export interface EligibilityFilterDto {
+  /**
+   * DSL expression for eligibility rules
+   * Supports:
+   * - Comparisons: >=, <=, >, <, =, !=, between
+   * - Logical: AND, OR, NOT
+   * - Dimensions: platform.{dimension}, external.{game}.{type}
+   * 
+   * Examples:
+   * - "platform.driving >= 55"
+   * - "external.iracing.iRating between 2000 2500"
+   * - "platform.driving >= 55 AND external.iracing.iRating >= 2000"
+   * - "platform.driving >= 55 OR external.iracing.iRating between 2000 2500"
+   */
+  dsl: string;
+  
+  /**
+   * Optional context for evaluation
+   */
+  context?: {
+    userId?: string;
+    leagueId?: string;
+    [key: string]: unknown;
+  };
+}
+
+export interface EligibilityCondition {
+  target: 'platform' | 'external';
+  dimension?: string; // e.g., 'driving', 'admin', 'iRating'
+  game?: string; // e.g., 'iracing'
+  operator: string; // '>=', '<=', '>', '<', '=', '!=', 'between'
+  expected: number | [number, number];
+}
+
+export interface ParsedEligibilityFilter {
+  conditions: EligibilityCondition[];
+  logicalOperator: 'AND' | 'OR';
+}

core/identity/application/dtos/EvaluationResultDto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/**
+ * DTO: EvaluationResultDto
+ * 
+ * Result of DSL eligibility evaluation with explainable reasons.
+ */
+
+export interface EvaluationReason {
+  /**
+   * What was evaluated
+   */
+  target: string; // e.g., 'platform.driving', 'external.iracing.iRating'
+  
+  /**
+   * Operator used
+   */
+  operator: string; // e.g., '>=', 'between'
+  
+  /**
+   * Expected threshold/range
+   */
+  expected: number | [number, number];
+  
+  /**
+   * Actual value found
+   */
+  actual: number;
+  
+  /**
+   * Whether this condition failed
+   */
+  failed: boolean;
+  
+  /**
+   * Human-readable explanation
+   */
+  message?: string;
+}
+
+export interface EvaluationResultDto {
+  /**
+   * Overall eligibility status
+   */
+  eligible: boolean;
+  
+  /**
+   * Individual condition results
+   */
+  reasons: EvaluationReason[];
+  
+  /**
+   * Summary message
+   */
+  summary: string;
+  
+  /**
+   * Timestamp of evaluation
+   */
+  evaluatedAt: string; // ISO date string
+  
+  /**
+   * Optional metadata
+   */
+  metadata?: {
+    userId?: string;
+    filter?: string;
+    [key: string]: unknown;
+  };
+}

core/identity/application/dtos/LedgerEntryDto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/**
+ * DTO: LedgerEntryDto
+ * 
+ * Simplified rating event for ledger display/query.
+ * Pragmatic read model - direct repo DTOs, no domain logic.
+ */
+
+export interface LedgerEntryDto {
+  id: string;
+  userId: string;
+  dimension: string; // 'driving', 'admin', 'steward', 'trust', 'fairness'
+  delta: number; // positive or negative change
+  weight?: number;
+  occurredAt: string; // ISO date string
+  createdAt: string; // ISO date string
+  
+  source: {
+    type: 'race' | 'penalty' | 'vote' | 'adminAction' | 'manualAdjustment';
+    id: string;
+  };
+  
+  reason: {
+    code: string;
+    summary: string;
+    details: Record<string, unknown>;
+  };
+  
+  visibility: {
+    public: boolean;
+    redactedFields: string[];
+  };
+}
+
+export interface LedgerFilter {
+  dimensions?: string[]; // Filter by dimension keys
+  sourceTypes?: ('race' | 'penalty' | 'vote' | 'adminAction' | 'manualAdjustment')[];
+  from?: string; // ISO date string
+  to?: string; // ISO date string
+  reasonCodes?: string[];
+}
+
+export interface PaginatedLedgerResult {
+  entries: LedgerEntryDto[];
+  pagination: {
+    total: number;
+    limit: number;
+    offset: number;
+    hasMore: boolean;
+    nextOffset?: number | null;
+  };
+}

core/identity/application/dtos/RatingSummaryDto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/**
+ * DTO: RatingSummaryDto
+ * 
+ * Comprehensive rating summary with platform and external game ratings.
+ * Pragmatic read model - direct repo DTOs, no domain logic.
+ */
+
+export interface PlatformRatingDimension {
+  value: number;
+  confidence: number;
+  sampleSize: number;
+  trend: 'rising' | 'stable' | 'falling';
+  lastUpdated: string; // ISO date string
+}
+
+export interface ExternalGameRating {
+  gameKey: string;
+  type: string;
+  value: number;
+  lastUpdated: string; // ISO date string
+}
+
+export interface ExternalGameRatings {
+  gameKey: string;
+  ratings: Map<string, number>; // type -> value
+  source: string;
+  lastSyncedAt: string; // ISO date string
+  verified: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface RatingSummaryDto {
+  userId: string;
+  
+  // Platform ratings (from internal calculations)
+  platform: {
+    driving: PlatformRatingDimension;
+    admin: PlatformRatingDimension;
+    steward: PlatformRatingDimension;
+    trust: PlatformRatingDimension;
+    fairness: PlatformRatingDimension;
+    overallReputation: number;
+  };
+  
+  // External game ratings (from third-party sources)
+  external: {
+    // gameKey -> { type -> value }
+    [gameKey: string]: {
+      [type: string]: number;
+    };
+  };
+  
+  // Timestamps
+  createdAt: string; // ISO date string
+  updatedAt: string; // ISO date string
+  lastRatingEventAt?: string; // ISO date string (optional)
+}

core/identity/application/dtos/RecordRaceRatingEventsDto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/**
+ * DTO: RecordRaceRatingEventsDto
+ *
+ * Input for RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase
+ */
+
+export interface RecordRaceRatingEventsInput {
+  raceId: string;
+}
+
+export interface RecordRaceRatingEventsOutput {
+  success: boolean;
+  raceId: string;
+  eventsCreated: number;
+  driversUpdated: string[];
+  errors: string[];
+}

core/identity/application/dtos/UpsertExternalGameRatingDto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/**
+ * DTOs for UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase
+ */
+
+export interface UpsertExternalGameRatingInput {
+  userId: string;
+  gameKey: string;
+  ratings: Array<{
+    type: string;
+    value: number;
+  }>;
+  provenance: {
+    source: string;
+    lastSyncedAt: string; // ISO 8601
+    verified?: boolean;
+  };
+}
+
+export interface UpsertExternalGameRatingOutput {
+  success: boolean;
+  profile: {
+    userId: string;
+    gameKey: string;
+    ratingCount: number;
+    ratingTypes: string[];
+    source: string;
+    lastSyncedAt: string;
+    verified: boolean;
+  };
+  action: 'created' | 'updated';
+  errors?: string[];
+}

core/identity/application/dtos/UserRatingDto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/**
+ * DTO: UserRatingDto
+ * 
+ * Output for user rating snapshot
+ */
+
+export interface RatingDimensionDto {
+  value: number;
+  confidence: number;
+  sampleSize: number;
+  trend: 'rising' | 'stable' | 'falling';
+  lastUpdated: string; // ISO date string
+}
+
+export interface UserRatingDto {
+  userId: string;
+  driver: RatingDimensionDto;
+  admin: RatingDimensionDto;
+  steward: RatingDimensionDto;
+  trust: RatingDimensionDto;
+  fairness: RatingDimensionDto;
+  overallReputation: number;
+  calculatorVersion?: string;
+  createdAt: string; // ISO date string
+  updatedAt: string; // ISO date string
+}

core/identity/application/dtos/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * DTOs Index
+ * 
+ * Export all DTO types
+ */
+
+export type { RatingSummaryDto, PlatformRatingDimension, ExternalGameRating, ExternalGameRatings } from './RatingSummaryDto';
+export type { LedgerEntryDto, LedgerFilter, PaginatedLedgerResult } from './LedgerEntryDto';
+export type { EligibilityFilterDto, EligibilityCondition, ParsedEligibilityFilter } from './EligibilityFilterDto';
+export type { EvaluationResultDto, EvaluationReason } from './EvaluationResultDto';
+
+// Existing DTOs
+export type { UserRatingDto, RatingDimensionDto } from './UserRatingDto';

core/identity/application/ports/IRaceResultsProvider.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * Port: IRaceResultsProvider
+ * 
+ * Provider interface for race results data needed for rating calculations.
+ * This is an application layer port that bridges racing context to identity context.
+ */
+
+export interface RaceResultData {
+  userId: string;
+  startPos: number;
+  finishPos: number;
+  incidents: number;
+  status: 'finished' | 'dnf' | 'dns' | 'dsq' | 'afk';
+  sof?: number; // Optional strength of field
+}
+
+export interface RaceResultsData {
+  raceId: string;
+  results: RaceResultData[];
+}
+
+export interface IRaceResultsProvider {
+  /**
+   * Get race results by race ID
+   * Returns null if race not found or no results
+   */
+  getRaceResults(raceId: string): Promise<RaceResultsData | null>;
+  
+  /**
+   * Check if race results exist for a race
+   */
+  hasRaceResults(raceId: string): Promise<boolean>;
+}

core/identity/application/queries/GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery
+ */
+
+import { GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery, GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQueryHandler } from './GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery';
+import { UserRating } from '../../domain/value-objects/UserRating';
+import { ExternalGameRatingProfile } from '../../domain/entities/ExternalGameRatingProfile';
+import { GameKey } from '../../domain/value-objects/GameKey';
+import { ExternalRating } from '../../domain/value-objects/ExternalRating';
+import { ExternalRatingProvenance } from '../../domain/value-objects/ExternalRatingProvenance';
+
+describe('GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery', () => {
+  let mockUserRatingRepo: any;
+  let mockExternalRatingRepo: any;
+  let handler: GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQueryHandler;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockUserRatingRepo = {
+      findByUserId: jest.fn(),
+    };
+    mockExternalRatingRepo = {
+      findByUserId: jest.fn(),
+    };
+
+    handler = new GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQueryHandler(
+      mockUserRatingRepo,
+      mockExternalRatingRepo
+    );
+  });
+
+  describe('execute', () => {
+    it('should evaluate simple platform eligibility - eligible', async () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+      const leagueId = 'league-456';
+      const rules = 'platform.driving >= 55';
+
+      const userRating = UserRating.create(userId);
+      // Update driving to 65
+      const updatedRating = userRating.updateDriverRating(65);
+      mockUserRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue(updatedRating);
+      mockExternalRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+      const query: GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery = {
+        userId,
+        leagueId,
+        eligibilityRules: rules,
+      };
+
+      const result = await handler.execute(query);
+
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.reasons).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.reasons[0].target).toBe('platform.driving');
+      expect(result.reasons[0].failed).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should evaluate simple platform eligibility - not eligible', async () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+      const leagueId = 'league-456';
+      const rules = 'platform.driving >= 75';
+
+      const userRating = UserRating.create(userId);
+      // Driving is 50 by default
+      mockUserRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue(userRating);
+      mockExternalRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+      const query: GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery = {
+        userId,
+        leagueId,
+        eligibilityRules: rules,
+      };
+
+      const result = await handler.execute(query);
+
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.reasons[0].failed).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should evaluate external rating eligibility', async () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+      const leagueId = 'league-456';
+      const rules = 'external.iracing.iRating between 2000 2500';
+
+      mockUserRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+      const gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId: { toString: () => userId } as any,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings: new Map([
+          ['iRating', ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'iRating', 2200)],
+        ]),
+        provenance: ExternalRatingProvenance.create({ source: 'iRacing API', lastSyncedAt: new Date() }),
+      });
+      mockExternalRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue([profile]);
+
+      const query: GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery = {
+        userId,
+        leagueId,
+        eligibilityRules: rules,
+      };
+
+      const result = await handler.execute(query);
+
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.reasons[0].target).toBe('external.iracing.iRating');
+    });
+
+    it('should evaluate complex AND conditions', async () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+      const leagueId = 'league-456';
+      const rules = 'platform.driving >= 55 AND external.iracing.iRating >= 2000';
+
+      const userRating = UserRating.create(userId);
+      const updatedRating = userRating.updateDriverRating(65);
+      mockUserRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue(updatedRating);
+
+      const gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId: { toString: () => userId } as any,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings: new Map([
+          ['iRating', ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'iRating', 2200)],
+        ]),
+        provenance: ExternalRatingProvenance.create({ source: 'iRacing API', lastSyncedAt: new Date() }),
+      });
+      mockExternalRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue([profile]);
+
+      const query: GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery = {
+        userId,
+        leagueId,
+        eligibilityRules: rules,
+      };
+
+      const result = await handler.execute(query);
+
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.reasons).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(result.reasons.every(r => !r.failed)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should evaluate OR conditions with at least one passing', async () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+      const leagueId = 'league-456';
+      const rules = 'platform.driving >= 75 OR external.iracing.iRating >= 2000';
+
+      const userRating = UserRating.create(userId);
+      mockUserRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue(userRating);
+
+      const gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId: { toString: () => userId } as any,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings: new Map([
+          ['iRating', ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'iRating', 2200)],
+        ]),
+        provenance: ExternalRatingProvenance.create({ source: 'iRacing API', lastSyncedAt: new Date() }),
+      });
+      mockExternalRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue([profile]);
+
+      const query: GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery = {
+        userId,
+        leagueId,
+        eligibilityRules: rules,
+      };
+
+      const result = await handler.execute(query);
+
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.reasons.filter(r => !r.failed)).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should include context in metadata', async () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+      const leagueId = 'league-456';
+      const rules = 'platform.driving >= 55';
+
+      mockUserRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue(null);
+      mockExternalRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+      const query: GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery = {
+        userId,
+        leagueId,
+        eligibilityRules: rules,
+      };
+
+      const result = await handler.execute(query);
+
+      expect(result.metadata?.userId).toBe(userId);
+      expect(result.metadata?.filter).toBe(rules);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/application/queries/GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/**
+ * Query: GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery
+ * 
+ * Preview eligibility for a league based on DSL rules.
+ * Uses EligibilityEvaluator to provide explainable results.
+ */
+
+import { EvaluationResultDto } from '../dtos/EvaluationResultDto';
+import { EligibilityFilterDto } from '../dtos/EligibilityFilterDto';
+import { EligibilityEvaluator, RatingData } from '../../domain/services/EligibilityEvaluator';
+import { IUserRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IUserRatingRepository';
+import { IExternalGameRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IExternalGameRatingRepository';
+
+export interface GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery {
+  userId: string;
+  leagueId: string;
+  eligibilityRules: string; // DSL expression
+}
+
+export class GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQueryHandler {
+  private readonly evaluator: EligibilityEvaluator;
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly userRatingRepo: IUserRatingRepository,
+    private readonly externalRatingRepo: IExternalGameRatingRepository
+  ) {
+    this.evaluator = new EligibilityEvaluator();
+  }
+
+  async execute(query: GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery): Promise<EvaluationResultDto> {
+    const { userId, leagueId, eligibilityRules } = query;
+
+    // Fetch user's rating data
+    const userRating = await this.userRatingRepo.findByUserId(userId);
+    const externalProfiles = await this.externalRatingRepo.findByUserId(userId);
+
+    // Build rating data for evaluation
+    const ratingData: RatingData = {
+      platform: {
+        driving: userRating?.driver.value || 0,
+        admin: userRating?.admin.value || 0,
+        steward: userRating?.steward.value || 0,
+        trust: userRating?.trust.value || 0,
+        fairness: userRating?.fairness.value || 0,
+      },
+      external: {},
+    };
+
+    // Add external ratings
+    for (const profile of externalProfiles) {
+      const gameKey = profile.gameKey.toString();
+      ratingData.external[gameKey] = {};
+      
+      // Convert Map to array and iterate
+      const ratingsArray = Array.from(profile.ratings.entries());
+      for (const [type, rating] of ratingsArray) {
+        ratingData.external[gameKey][type] = rating.value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Evaluate eligibility
+    const filter: EligibilityFilterDto = {
+      dsl: eligibilityRules,
+      context: {
+        userId,
+        leagueId,
+      },
+    };
+
+    return this.evaluator.evaluate(filter, ratingData);
+  }
+}

core/identity/application/queries/GetUserRatingLedgerQuery.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/**
+ * Query: GetUserRatingLedgerQuery
+ * 
+ * Paginated/filtered query for user rating events (ledger).
+ */
+
+import { LedgerEntryDto, LedgerFilter, PaginatedLedgerResult } from '../dtos/LedgerEntryDto';
+import { IRatingEventRepository, PaginatedQueryOptions, RatingEventFilter } from '../../domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository';
+
+export interface GetUserRatingLedgerQuery {
+  userId: string;
+  limit?: number;
+  offset?: number;
+  filter?: LedgerFilter;
+}
+
+export class GetUserRatingLedgerQueryHandler {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly ratingEventRepo: IRatingEventRepository
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(query: GetUserRatingLedgerQuery): Promise<PaginatedLedgerResult> {
+    const { userId, limit = 20, offset = 0, filter } = query;
+
+    // Build repo options
+    const repoOptions: PaginatedQueryOptions = {
+      limit,
+      offset,
+    };
+
+    // Add filter if provided
+    if (filter) {
+      const ratingEventFilter: RatingEventFilter = {};
+      
+      if (filter.dimensions) {
+        ratingEventFilter.dimensions = filter.dimensions;
+      }
+      if (filter.sourceTypes) {
+        ratingEventFilter.sourceTypes = filter.sourceTypes;
+      }
+      if (filter.from) {
+        ratingEventFilter.from = new Date(filter.from);
+      }
+      if (filter.to) {
+        ratingEventFilter.to = new Date(filter.to);
+      }
+      if (filter.reasonCodes) {
+        ratingEventFilter.reasonCodes = filter.reasonCodes;
+      }
+
+      repoOptions.filter = ratingEventFilter;
+    }
+
+    // Query repository
+    const result = await this.ratingEventRepo.findEventsPaginated(userId, repoOptions);
+
+    // Convert domain entities to DTOs
+    const entries: LedgerEntryDto[] = result.items.map(event => {
+      const dto: LedgerEntryDto = {
+        id: event.id.value,
+        userId: event.userId,
+        dimension: event.dimension.value,
+        delta: event.delta.value,
+        occurredAt: event.occurredAt.toISOString(),
+        createdAt: event.createdAt.toISOString(),
+        source: event.source,
+        reason: event.reason,
+        visibility: event.visibility,
+      };
+      if (event.weight !== undefined) {
+        dto.weight = event.weight;
+      }
+      return dto;
+    });
+
+    const nextOffset = result.nextOffset !== undefined ? result.nextOffset : null;
+
+    return {
+      entries,
+      pagination: {
+        total: result.total,
+        limit: result.limit,
+        offset: result.offset,
+        hasMore: result.hasMore,
+        nextOffset,
+      },
+    };
+  }
+}

core/identity/application/queries/GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery
+ */
+
+import { GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery, GetUserRatingsSummaryQueryHandler } from './GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery';
+import { UserRating } from '../../domain/value-objects/UserRating';
+import { ExternalGameRatingProfile } from '../../domain/entities/ExternalGameRatingProfile';
+import { GameKey } from '../../domain/value-objects/GameKey';
+import { ExternalRating } from '../../domain/value-objects/ExternalRating';
+import { ExternalRatingProvenance } from '../../domain/value-objects/ExternalRatingProvenance';
+import { RatingEvent } from '../../domain/entities/RatingEvent';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingDelta';
+
+describe('GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery', () => {
+  let mockUserRatingRepo: any;
+  let mockExternalRatingRepo: any;
+  let mockRatingEventRepo: any;
+  let handler: GetUserRatingsSummaryQueryHandler;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockUserRatingRepo = {
+      findByUserId: jest.fn(),
+    };
+    mockExternalRatingRepo = {
+      findByUserId: jest.fn(),
+    };
+    mockRatingEventRepo = {
+      getAllByUserId: jest.fn(),
+    };
+
+    handler = new GetUserRatingsSummaryQueryHandler(
+      mockUserRatingRepo,
+      mockExternalRatingRepo,
+      mockRatingEventRepo
+    );
+  });
+
+  describe('execute', () => {
+    it('should return summary with platform and external ratings', async () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+
+      // Mock user rating
+      const userRating = UserRating.create(userId);
+      mockUserRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue(userRating);
+
+      // Mock external ratings
+      const gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId: { toString: () => userId } as any,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings: new Map([
+          ['iRating', ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'iRating', 2200)],
+          ['safetyRating', ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'safetyRating', 4.5)],
+        ]),
+        provenance: ExternalRatingProvenance.create('iRacing API', new Date()),
+      });
+      mockExternalRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue([profile]);
+
+      // Mock rating events
+      const event = RatingEvent.create({
+        id: RatingEventId.create(),
+        userId,
+        dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driver'),
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+        createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+        source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-123' },
+        reason: { code: 'RACE_FINISH', summary: 'Good race', details: {} },
+        visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+        version: 1,
+      });
+      mockRatingEventRepo.getAllByUserId.mockResolvedValue([event]);
+
+      const query: GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery = { userId };
+      const result = await handler.execute(query);
+
+      expect(result.userId).toBe(userId);
+      expect(result.platform.driving.value).toBe(50); // Default
+      expect(result.platform.overallReputation).toBe(50);
+      expect(result.external.iracing.iRating).toBe(2200);
+      expect(result.external.iracing.safetyRating).toBe(4.5);
+      expect(result.lastRatingEventAt).toBe('2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle missing user rating gracefully', async () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+
+      mockUserRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue(null);
+      mockExternalRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue([]);
+      mockRatingEventRepo.getAllByUserId.mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+      const query: GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery = { userId };
+      const result = await handler.execute(query);
+
+      expect(result.userId).toBe(userId);
+      expect(result.platform.driving.value).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.platform.overallReputation).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.external).toEqual({});
+      expect(result.lastRatingEventAt).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle multiple external game profiles', async () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+
+      mockUserRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue(UserRating.create(userId));
+
+      // Multiple game profiles
+      const iracingProfile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId: { toString: () => userId } as any,
+        gameKey: GameKey.create('iracing'),
+        ratings: new Map([
+          ['iRating', ExternalRating.create(GameKey.create('iracing'), 'iRating', 2200)],
+        ]),
+        provenance: ExternalRatingProvenance.create('iRacing API', new Date()),
+      });
+
+      const assettoProfile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId: { toString: () => userId } as any,
+        gameKey: GameKey.create('assetto'),
+        ratings: new Map([
+          ['rating', ExternalRating.create(GameKey.create('assetto'), 'rating', 85)],
+        ]),
+        provenance: ExternalRatingProvenance.create('Assetto API', new Date()),
+      });
+
+      mockExternalRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue([iracingProfile, assettoProfile]);
+      mockRatingEventRepo.getAllByUserId.mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+      const query: GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery = { userId };
+      const result = await handler.execute(query);
+
+      expect(result.external.iracing.iRating).toBe(2200);
+      expect(result.external.assetto.rating).toBe(85);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty external ratings', async () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+
+      mockUserRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue(UserRating.create(userId));
+      mockExternalRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue([]);
+      mockRatingEventRepo.getAllByUserId.mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+      const query: GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery = { userId };
+      const result = await handler.execute(query);
+
+      expect(result.external).toEqual({});
+    });
+
+    it('should use current date for timestamps when no user rating exists', async () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+
+      mockUserRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue(null);
+      mockExternalRatingRepo.findByUserId.mockResolvedValue([]);
+      mockRatingEventRepo.getAllByUserId.mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+      const beforeQuery = new Date();
+      const query: GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery = { userId };
+      const result = await handler.execute(query);
+      const afterQuery = new Date();
+
+      // Should have valid ISO date strings
+      expect(new Date(result.createdAt).getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(beforeQuery.getTime());
+      expect(new Date(result.createdAt).getTime()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(afterQuery.getTime());
+      expect(new Date(result.updatedAt).getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(beforeQuery.getTime());
+      expect(new Date(result.updatedAt).getTime()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(afterQuery.getTime());
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/application/queries/GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/**
+ * Query: GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery
+ * 
+ * Fast read query for user rating summary.
+ * Combines platform snapshots and external game ratings.
+ */
+
+import { RatingSummaryDto } from '../dtos/RatingSummaryDto';
+import { IUserRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IUserRatingRepository';
+import { IExternalGameRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IExternalGameRatingRepository';
+import { IRatingEventRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository';
+
+export interface GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery {
+  userId: string;
+}
+
+export class GetUserRatingsSummaryQueryHandler {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly userRatingRepo: IUserRatingRepository,
+    private readonly externalRatingRepo: IExternalGameRatingRepository,
+    private readonly ratingEventRepo: IRatingEventRepository
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(query: GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery): Promise<RatingSummaryDto> {
+    const { userId } = query;
+
+    // Fetch platform rating snapshot
+    const userRating = await this.userRatingRepo.findByUserId(userId);
+    
+    // Fetch all external game ratings
+    const externalProfiles = await this.externalRatingRepo.findByUserId(userId);
+
+    // Get last event timestamp if available
+    let lastRatingEventAt: string | undefined;
+    if (userRating) {
+      // Get all events to find the most recent one
+      const events = await this.ratingEventRepo.getAllByUserId(userId);
+      if (events.length > 0) {
+        const lastEvent = events[events.length - 1];
+        if (lastEvent) {
+          lastRatingEventAt = lastEvent.occurredAt.toISOString();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Build platform rating dimensions
+    const platform = {
+      driving: {
+        value: userRating?.driver.value || 0,
+        confidence: userRating?.driver.confidence || 0,
+        sampleSize: userRating?.driver.sampleSize || 0,
+        trend: userRating?.driver.trend || 'stable',
+        lastUpdated: userRating?.driver.lastUpdated?.toISOString() || new Date(0).toISOString(),
+      },
+      admin: {
+        value: userRating?.admin.value || 0,
+        confidence: userRating?.admin.confidence || 0,
+        sampleSize: userRating?.admin.sampleSize || 0,
+        trend: userRating?.admin.trend || 'stable',
+        lastUpdated: userRating?.admin.lastUpdated?.toISOString() || new Date(0).toISOString(),
+      },
+      steward: {
+        value: userRating?.steward.value || 0,
+        confidence: userRating?.steward.confidence || 0,
+        sampleSize: userRating?.steward.sampleSize || 0,
+        trend: userRating?.steward.trend || 'stable',
+        lastUpdated: userRating?.steward.lastUpdated?.toISOString() || new Date(0).toISOString(),
+      },
+      trust: {
+        value: userRating?.trust.value || 0,
+        confidence: userRating?.trust.confidence || 0,
+        sampleSize: userRating?.trust.sampleSize || 0,
+        trend: userRating?.trust.trend || 'stable',
+        lastUpdated: userRating?.trust.lastUpdated?.toISOString() || new Date(0).toISOString(),
+      },
+      fairness: {
+        value: userRating?.fairness.value || 0,
+        confidence: userRating?.fairness.confidence || 0,
+        sampleSize: userRating?.fairness.sampleSize || 0,
+        trend: userRating?.fairness.trend || 'stable',
+        lastUpdated: userRating?.fairness.lastUpdated?.toISOString() || new Date(0).toISOString(),
+      },
+      overallReputation: userRating?.overallReputation || 0,
+    };
+
+    // Build external ratings map
+    const external: { [gameKey: string]: { [type: string]: number } } = {};
+    
+    for (const profile of externalProfiles) {
+      const gameKey = profile.gameKey.toString();
+      external[gameKey] = {};
+      
+      // Convert Map to array and iterate
+      const ratingsArray = Array.from(profile.ratings.entries());
+      for (const [type, rating] of ratingsArray) {
+        external[gameKey][type] = rating.value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Get timestamps
+    const createdAt = userRating?.createdAt?.toISOString() || new Date().toISOString();
+    const updatedAt = userRating?.updatedAt?.toISOString() || new Date().toISOString();
+
+    const result: RatingSummaryDto = {
+      userId,
+      platform,
+      external,
+      createdAt,
+      updatedAt,
+    };
+
+    if (lastRatingEventAt) {
+      result.lastRatingEventAt = lastRatingEventAt;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+}

core/identity/application/queries/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/**
+ * Queries Index
+ * 
+ * Export all query handlers and related types
+ */
+
+// GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery
+export type { GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery } from './GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery';
+export { GetUserRatingsSummaryQueryHandler } from './GetUserRatingsSummaryQuery';
+
+// GetUserRatingLedgerQuery
+export type { GetUserRatingLedgerQuery } from './GetUserRatingLedgerQuery';
+export { GetUserRatingLedgerQueryHandler } from './GetUserRatingLedgerQuery';
+
+// GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery
+export type { GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery } from './GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery';
+export { GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQueryHandler } from './GetLeagueEligibilityPreviewQuery';

core/identity/application/use-cases/AdminVoteSessionUseCases.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,707 @@
+import { OpenAdminVoteSessionUseCase } from './OpenAdminVoteSessionUseCase';
+import { CastAdminVoteUseCase } from './CastAdminVoteUseCase';
+import { CloseAdminVoteSessionUseCase } from './CloseAdminVoteSessionUseCase';
+import { AdminVoteSession } from '../../domain/entities/AdminVoteSession';
+import { RatingEvent } from '../../domain/entities/RatingEvent';
+import { UserRating } from '../../domain/value-objects/UserRating';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingDelta';
+
+// Mock Repository
+class MockAdminVoteSessionRepository {
+  private sessions: Map<string, AdminVoteSession> = new Map();
+
+  async save(session: AdminVoteSession): Promise<AdminVoteSession> {
+    this.sessions.set(session.id, session);
+    return session;
+  }
+
+  async findById(id: string): Promise<AdminVoteSession | null> {
+    return this.sessions.get(id) || null;
+  }
+
+  async findActiveForAdmin(adminId: string, leagueId: string): Promise<AdminVoteSession[]> {
+    const now = new Date();
+    return Array.from(this.sessions.values()).filter(
+      s => s.adminId === adminId && 
+           s.leagueId === leagueId && 
+           s.isVotingWindowOpen(now) &&
+           !s.closed
+    );
+  }
+
+  async findByAdminAndLeague(adminId: string, leagueId: string): Promise<AdminVoteSession[]> {
+    return Array.from(this.sessions.values()).filter(
+      s => s.adminId === adminId && s.leagueId === leagueId
+    );
+  }
+
+  async findByLeague(leagueId: string): Promise<AdminVoteSession[]> {
+    return Array.from(this.sessions.values()).filter(
+      s => s.leagueId === leagueId
+    );
+  }
+
+  async findClosedUnprocessed(): Promise<AdminVoteSession[]> {
+    return Array.from(this.sessions.values()).filter(
+      s => s.closed && s.outcome !== undefined
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+class MockRatingEventRepository {
+  private events: Map<string, RatingEvent> = new Map();
+
+  async save(event: RatingEvent): Promise<RatingEvent> {
+    this.events.set(event.id.value, event);
+    return event;
+  }
+
+  async findByUserId(userId: string): Promise<RatingEvent[]> {
+    return Array.from(this.events.values()).filter(e => e.userId === userId);
+  }
+
+  async findByIds(ids: string[]): Promise<RatingEvent[]> {
+    return Array.from(this.events.values()).filter(e => ids.includes(e.id.value));
+  }
+
+  async getAllByUserId(userId: string): Promise<RatingEvent[]> {
+    return Array.from(this.events.values()).filter(e => e.userId === userId);
+  }
+
+  async findEventsPaginated(userId: string, options?: import('@core/identity/domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository').PaginatedQueryOptions): Promise<import('@core/identity/domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository').PaginatedResult<RatingEvent>> {
+    const allEvents = await this.findByUserId(userId);
+    
+    // Apply filters
+    let filtered = allEvents;
+    if (options?.filter) {
+      const filter = options.filter;
+      if (filter.dimensions) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => filter.dimensions!.includes(e.dimension.value));
+      }
+      if (filter.sourceTypes) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => filter.sourceTypes!.includes(e.source.type));
+      }
+      if (filter.from) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => e.occurredAt >= filter.from!);
+      }
+      if (filter.to) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => e.occurredAt <= filter.to!);
+      }
+      if (filter.reasonCodes) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => filter.reasonCodes!.includes(e.reason.code));
+      }
+      if (filter.visibility) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => e.visibility.public === (filter.visibility === 'public'));
+      }
+    }
+
+    const total = filtered.length;
+    const limit = options?.limit ?? 10;
+    const offset = options?.offset ?? 0;
+    const items = filtered.slice(offset, offset + limit);
+    const hasMore = offset + limit < total;
+    const nextOffset = hasMore ? offset + limit : undefined;
+
+    const result: import('@core/identity/domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository').PaginatedResult<RatingEvent> = {
+      items,
+      total,
+      limit,
+      offset,
+      hasMore
+    };
+    
+    if (nextOffset !== undefined) {
+      result.nextOffset = nextOffset;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+class MockUserRatingRepository {
+  private ratings: Map<string, UserRating> = new Map();
+
+  async save(rating: UserRating): Promise<UserRating> {
+    this.ratings.set(rating.userId, rating);
+    return rating;
+  }
+
+  async findByUserId(userId: string): Promise<UserRating | null> {
+    return this.ratings.get(userId) || null;
+  }
+}
+
+// Mock AppendRatingEventsUseCase
+class MockAppendRatingEventsUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    private ratingEventRepository: any,
+    private userRatingRepository: any
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(input: any): Promise<any> {
+    const events: RatingEvent[] = [];
+    
+    // Create events from input
+    for (const eventDto of input.events || []) {
+      const event = RatingEvent.create({
+        id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+        userId: eventDto.userId,
+        dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create(eventDto.dimension),
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(eventDto.delta),
+        weight: eventDto.weight,
+        occurredAt: new Date(eventDto.occurredAt),
+        createdAt: new Date(),
+        source: { type: eventDto.sourceType, id: eventDto.sourceId },
+        reason: {
+          code: eventDto.reasonCode,
+          summary: eventDto.reasonSummary,
+          details: eventDto.reasonDetails || {},
+        },
+        visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+        version: 1,
+      });
+      events.push(event);
+      await this.ratingEventRepository.save(event);
+    }
+
+    // Recompute snapshot
+    if (events.length > 0) {
+      const allEvents = await this.ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId(input.userId);
+      // Simplified snapshot calculation
+      const totalDelta = allEvents.reduce((sum, e) => sum + e.delta.value, 0);
+      const snapshot = UserRating.create({
+        userId: input.userId,
+        driver: { value: Math.max(0, Math.min(100, 50 + totalDelta)) },
+        adminTrust: { value: 50 },
+        stewardTrust: { value: 50 },
+        broadcasterTrust: { value: 50 },
+        lastUpdated: new Date(),
+      });
+      await this.userRatingRepository.save(snapshot);
+    }
+
+    return {
+      events: events.map(e => e.id.value),
+      snapshotUpdated: events.length > 0,
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+describe('Admin Vote Session Use Cases', () => {
+  let mockSessionRepo: MockAdminVoteSessionRepository;
+  let mockEventRepo: MockRatingEventRepository;
+  let mockRatingRepo: MockUserRatingRepository;
+  let mockAppendUseCase: MockAppendRatingEventsUseCase;
+
+  let openUseCase: OpenAdminVoteSessionUseCase;
+  let castUseCase: CastAdminVoteUseCase;
+  let closeUseCase: CloseAdminVoteSessionUseCase;
+
+  const now = new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+  const tomorrow = new Date('2025-01-02T00:00:00Z');
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockSessionRepo = new MockAdminVoteSessionRepository();
+    mockEventRepo = new MockRatingEventRepository();
+    mockRatingRepo = new MockUserRatingRepository();
+    mockAppendUseCase = new MockAppendRatingEventsUseCase(mockEventRepo, mockRatingRepo);
+
+    openUseCase = new OpenAdminVoteSessionUseCase(mockSessionRepo);
+    castUseCase = new CastAdminVoteUseCase(mockSessionRepo);
+    closeUseCase = new CloseAdminVoteSessionUseCase(
+      mockSessionRepo,
+      mockEventRepo,
+      mockRatingRepo,
+      mockAppendUseCase
+    );
+
+    // Mock Date.now to return our test time
+    jest.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockReturnValue(now.getTime());
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    jest.restoreAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  describe('OpenAdminVoteSessionUseCase', () => {
+    it('should successfully open a vote session', async () => {
+      const input = {
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now.toISOString(),
+        endDate: tomorrow.toISOString(),
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1', 'user-2', 'user-3'],
+      };
+
+      const result = await openUseCase.execute(input);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.voteSessionId).toBe('vote-123');
+
+      // Verify session was saved
+      const saved = await mockSessionRepo.findById('vote-123');
+      expect(saved).toBeDefined();
+      expect(saved!.adminId).toBe('admin-789');
+      expect(saved!.eligibleVoters).toEqual(['user-1', 'user-2', 'user-3']);
+    });
+
+    it('should reject duplicate session IDs', async () => {
+      const input = {
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now.toISOString(),
+        endDate: tomorrow.toISOString(),
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      };
+
+      await openUseCase.execute(input);
+      const result = await openUseCase.execute(input);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Vote session with this ID already exists');
+    });
+
+    it('should reject overlapping sessions', async () => {
+      // Create first session
+      await openUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now.toISOString(),
+        endDate: tomorrow.toISOString(),
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      });
+
+      // Try to create overlapping session
+      const result = await openUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-456',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: new Date('2025-01-01T12:00:00Z').toISOString(),
+        endDate: new Date('2025-01-02T12:00:00Z').toISOString(),
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Active vote session already exists for this admin in this league with overlapping dates');
+    });
+
+    it('should validate required fields', async () => {
+      const result = await openUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: '',
+        leagueId: '',
+        adminId: '',
+        startDate: '',
+        endDate: '',
+        eligibleVoters: [],
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors?.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should validate date order', async () => {
+      const result = await openUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: tomorrow.toISOString(),
+        endDate: now.toISOString(),
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('startDate must be before endDate');
+    });
+
+    it('should validate duplicate eligible voters', async () => {
+      const result = await openUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now.toISOString(),
+        endDate: tomorrow.toISOString(),
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1', 'user-2', 'user-1'],
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Duplicate eligible voters are not allowed');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('CastAdminVoteUseCase', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      // Create a session for voting tests
+      await openUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now.toISOString(),
+        endDate: tomorrow.toISOString(),
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1', 'user-2', 'user-3'],
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should allow eligible voter to cast positive vote', async () => {
+      const result = await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-1',
+        positive: true,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.voterId).toBe('user-1');
+
+      const session = await mockSessionRepo.findById('vote-123');
+      expect(session!.votes.length).toBe(1);
+      expect(session!.votes[0].voterId).toBe('user-1');
+      expect(session!.votes[0].positive).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow eligible voter to cast negative vote', async () => {
+      const result = await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-1',
+        positive: false,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      const session = await mockSessionRepo.findById('vote-123');
+      expect(session!.votes[0].positive).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should reject non-eligible voter', async () => {
+      const result = await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-999',
+        positive: true,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Voter user-999 is not eligible for this session');
+    });
+
+    it('should prevent duplicate votes', async () => {
+      await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-1',
+        positive: true,
+      });
+
+      const result = await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-1',
+        positive: false,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Voter user-1 has already voted');
+    });
+
+    it('should reject votes after session closes', async () => {
+      // Close the session first
+      await closeUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+      });
+
+      const result = await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-2',
+        positive: true,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Session is closed');
+    });
+
+    it('should reject votes outside voting window', async () => {
+      // Create session in future
+      const futureStart = new Date('2025-02-01T00:00:00Z');
+      const futureEnd = new Date('2025-02-02T00:00:00Z');
+
+      await openUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-future',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: futureStart.toISOString(),
+        endDate: futureEnd.toISOString(),
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      });
+
+      const result = await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-future',
+        voterId: 'user-1',
+        positive: true,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Vote session is not open for voting');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('CloseAdminVoteSessionUseCase', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      // Create a session for closing tests
+      await openUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now.toISOString(),
+        endDate: tomorrow.toISOString(),
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1', 'user-2', 'user-3', 'user-4'],
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should close session and create positive outcome events', async () => {
+      // Cast votes
+      await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-1',
+        positive: true,
+      });
+      await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-2',
+        positive: true,
+      });
+      await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-3',
+        positive: false,
+      });
+
+      const result = await closeUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.outcome).toBeDefined();
+      expect(result.outcome!.outcome).toBe('positive');
+      expect(result.outcome!.percentPositive).toBe(66.67);
+      expect(result.outcome!.count.total).toBe(3);
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBe(1);
+
+      // Verify session is closed
+      const session = await mockSessionRepo.findById('vote-123');
+      expect(session!.closed).toBe(true);
+      expect(session!.outcome).toBeDefined();
+
+      // Verify rating events were created
+      const events = await mockEventRepo.findByUserId('admin-789');
+      expect(events.length).toBe(1);
+      expect(events[0].dimension.value).toBe('adminTrust');
+      expect(events[0].reason.code).toBe('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE');
+    });
+
+    it('should create negative outcome events', async () => {
+      // Cast mostly negative votes
+      await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-1',
+        positive: false,
+      });
+      await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-2',
+        positive: false,
+      });
+      await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-3',
+        positive: true,
+      });
+
+      const result = await closeUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.outcome!.outcome).toBe('negative');
+      expect(result.outcome!.percentPositive).toBe(33.33);
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBe(1);
+
+      const events = await mockEventRepo.findByUserId('admin-789');
+      expect(events[0].reason.code).toBe('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_NEGATIVE');
+      expect(events[0].delta.value).toBeLessThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle tie outcome', async () => {
+      await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-1',
+        positive: true,
+      });
+      await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-2',
+        positive: false,
+      });
+
+      const result = await closeUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.outcome!.outcome).toBe('tie');
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBe(0); // No events for tie
+    });
+
+    it('should handle no votes', async () => {
+      const result = await closeUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.outcome!.outcome).toBe('tie');
+      expect(result.outcome!.participationRate).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should reject closing already closed session', async () => {
+      await closeUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+      });
+
+      const result = await closeUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Vote session is already closed');
+    });
+
+    it('should reject non-owner trying to close', async () => {
+      const result = await closeUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        adminId: 'wrong-admin',
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Admin does not own this vote session');
+    });
+
+    it('should reject closing outside voting window', async () => {
+      // Create session in future
+      const futureStart = new Date('2025-02-01T00:00:00Z');
+      const futureEnd = new Date('2025-02-02T00:00:00Z');
+
+      await openUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-future',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: futureStart.toISOString(),
+        endDate: futureEnd.toISOString(),
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      });
+
+      const result = await closeUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-future',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Cannot close session outside the voting window');
+    });
+
+    it('should update admin rating snapshot', async () => {
+      // Cast votes
+      await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-1',
+        positive: true,
+      });
+      await castUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        voterId: 'user-2',
+        positive: true,
+      });
+
+      await closeUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+      });
+
+      // Check snapshot was updated
+      const snapshot = await mockRatingRepo.findByUserId('admin-789');
+      expect(snapshot).toBeDefined();
+      expect(snapshot!.adminTrust.value).toBeGreaterThan(50); // Should have increased
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Integration: Full vote flow', () => {
+    it('should complete full flow: open -> cast votes -> close -> events', async () => {
+      // 1. Open session
+      const openResult = await openUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-full',
+        leagueId: 'league-full',
+        adminId: 'admin-full',
+        startDate: now.toISOString(),
+        endDate: tomorrow.toISOString(),
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1', 'user-2', 'user-3', 'user-4', 'user-5'],
+      });
+      expect(openResult.success).toBe(true);
+
+      // 2. Cast votes
+      const votes = [
+        { voterId: 'user-1', positive: true },
+        { voterId: 'user-2', positive: true },
+        { voterId: 'user-3', positive: true },
+        { voterId: 'user-4', positive: false },
+      ];
+
+      for (const vote of votes) {
+        const castResult = await castUseCase.execute({
+          voteSessionId: 'vote-full',
+          voterId: vote.voterId,
+          positive: vote.positive,
+        });
+        expect(castResult.success).toBe(true);
+      }
+
+      // 3. Close session
+      const closeResult = await closeUseCase.execute({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-full',
+        adminId: 'admin-full',
+      });
+
+      expect(closeResult.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(closeResult.outcome).toEqual({
+        percentPositive: 75,
+        count: { positive: 3, negative: 1, total: 4 },
+        eligibleVoterCount: 5,
+        participationRate: 80,
+        outcome: 'positive',
+      });
+      expect(closeResult.eventsCreated).toBe(1);
+
+      // 4. Verify events in ledger
+      const events = await mockEventRepo.findByUserId('admin-full');
+      expect(events.length).toBe(1);
+      
+      const event = events[0];
+      expect(event.userId).toBe('admin-full');
+      expect(event.dimension.value).toBe('adminTrust');
+      expect(event.source.type).toBe('vote');
+      expect(event.source.id).toBe('vote-full');
+      expect(event.reason.code).toBe('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE');
+      expect(event.reason.summary).toContain('75% positive');
+      expect(event.weight).toBe(4); // vote count
+
+      // 5. Verify snapshot
+      const snapshot = await mockRatingRepo.findByUserId('admin-full');
+      expect(snapshot).toBeDefined();
+      expect(snapshot!.adminTrust.value).toBeGreaterThan(50);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/application/use-cases/AppendRatingEventsUseCase.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+
+import { AppendRatingEventsUseCase, AppendRatingEventsInput } from './AppendRatingEventsUseCase';
+import { IRatingEventRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository';
+import { IUserRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IUserRatingRepository';
+import { RatingEvent } from '../../domain/entities/RatingEvent';
+import { UserRating } from '../../domain/value-objects/UserRating';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingEventId';
+
+describe('AppendRatingEventsUseCase', () => {
+  let mockEventRepo: Partial<IRatingEventRepository>;
+  let mockRatingRepo: Partial<IUserRatingRepository>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockEventRepo = {
+      save: vi.fn(),
+      getAllByUserId: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([]),
+    };
+
+    mockRatingRepo = {
+      save: vi.fn(),
+    };
+  });
+
+  it('should be constructed with repositories', () => {
+    const useCase = new AppendRatingEventsUseCase(
+      mockEventRepo as IRatingEventRepository,
+      mockRatingRepo as IUserRatingRepository,
+    );
+    expect(useCase).toBeInstanceOf(AppendRatingEventsUseCase);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle empty input (no events)', async () => {
+    const useCase = new AppendRatingEventsUseCase(
+      mockEventRepo as IRatingEventRepository,
+      mockRatingRepo as IUserRatingRepository,
+    );
+
+    const input: AppendRatingEventsInput = {
+      userId: 'user-1',
+    };
+
+    const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+    expect(result.events).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result.snapshotUpdated).toBe(false);
+    expect(mockEventRepo.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(mockRatingRepo.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should create and save events from direct input', async () => {
+    const useCase = new AppendRatingEventsUseCase(
+      mockEventRepo as IRatingEventRepository,
+      mockRatingRepo as IUserRatingRepository,
+    );
+
+    const input: AppendRatingEventsInput = {
+      userId: 'user-1',
+      events: [
+        {
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          dimension: 'driving',
+          delta: 5,
+          sourceType: 'race',
+          sourceId: 'race-1',
+          reasonCode: 'TEST',
+          reasonSummary: 'Test event',
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+    expect(result.events).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(result.snapshotUpdated).toBe(true);
+    expect(mockEventRepo.save).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(mockRatingRepo.save).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should create events from race results using factory', async () => {
+    const useCase = new AppendRatingEventsUseCase(
+      mockEventRepo as IRatingEventRepository,
+      mockRatingRepo as IUserRatingRepository,
+    );
+
+    const input: AppendRatingEventsInput = {
+      userId: 'user-1',
+      raceId: 'race-123',
+      raceResults: [
+        {
+          position: 3,
+          totalDrivers: 10,
+          startPosition: 5,
+          incidents: 1,
+          fieldStrength: 1500,
+          status: 'finished',
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+    expect(result.events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.snapshotUpdated).toBe(true);
+    expect(mockEventRepo.save).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(mockRatingRepo.save).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should handle multiple race results', async () => {
+    const useCase = new AppendRatingEventsUseCase(
+      mockEventRepo as IRatingEventRepository,
+      mockRatingRepo as IUserRatingRepository,
+    );
+
+    const input: AppendRatingEventsInput = {
+      userId: 'user-1',
+      raceId: 'race-123',
+      raceResults: [
+        { position: 3, totalDrivers: 10, startPosition: 5, incidents: 1, fieldStrength: 1500, status: 'finished' },
+        { position: 1, totalDrivers: 10, startPosition: 2, incidents: 0, fieldStrength: 1500, status: 'finished' },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+    expect(result.events.length).toBeGreaterThan(2); // Multiple events per race
+    expect(result.snapshotUpdated).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle DNF status', async () => {
+    const useCase = new AppendRatingEventsUseCase(
+      mockEventRepo as IRatingEventRepository,
+      mockRatingRepo as IUserRatingRepository,
+    );
+
+    const input: AppendRatingEventsInput = {
+      userId: 'user-1',
+      raceId: 'race-123',
+      raceResults: [
+        { position: 5, totalDrivers: 10, startPosition: 3, incidents: 2, fieldStrength: 1500, status: 'dnf' },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+    expect(result.events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.snapshotUpdated).toBe(true);
+    expect(mockEventRepo.save).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should not update snapshot if no events were saved', async () => {
+    // Mock save to throw or do nothing
+    const saveMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({});
+    const getAllMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([]);
+    
+    mockEventRepo = {
+      save: saveMock,
+      getAllByUserId: getAllMock,
+    };
+
+    const useCase = new AppendRatingEventsUseCase(
+      mockEventRepo as IRatingEventRepository,
+      mockRatingRepo as IUserRatingRepository,
+    );
+
+    const input: AppendRatingEventsInput = {
+      userId: 'user-1',
+      events: [], // Empty
+    };
+
+    const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+    expect(result.events).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result.snapshotUpdated).toBe(false);
+    expect(mockRatingRepo.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

core/identity/application/use-cases/AppendRatingEventsUseCase.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import { IRatingEventRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository';
+import { IUserRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IUserRatingRepository';
+import { RatingEventFactory } from '../../domain/services/RatingEventFactory';
+import { RatingSnapshotCalculator } from '../../domain/services/RatingSnapshotCalculator';
+import { RatingEvent } from '../../domain/entities/RatingEvent';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingDelta';
+import { CreateRatingEventDto } from '../dtos/CreateRatingEventDto';
+
+/**
+ * Input for AppendRatingEventsUseCase
+ */
+export interface AppendRatingEventsInput {
+  userId: string;
+  events?: CreateRatingEventDto[]; // Optional: direct event creation
+  // Alternative: raceId, penaltyId, etc. for factory-based creation
+  raceId?: string;
+  raceResults?: Array<{
+    position: number;
+    totalDrivers: number;
+    startPosition: number;
+    incidents: number;
+    fieldStrength: number;
+    status: 'finished' | 'dnf' | 'dns' | 'dsq' | 'afk';
+  }>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Output for AppendRatingEventsUseCase
+ */
+export interface AppendRatingEventsOutput {
+  events: string[]; // Event IDs
+  snapshotUpdated: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Use Case: AppendRatingEventsUseCase
+ * 
+ * Appends rating events to the ledger and recomputes the snapshot.
+ * Follows CQRS Light: command side operation.
+ */
+export class AppendRatingEventsUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly ratingEventRepository: IRatingEventRepository,
+    private readonly userRatingRepository: IUserRatingRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(input: AppendRatingEventsInput): Promise<AppendRatingEventsOutput> {
+    const eventsToSave = [];
+
+    // 1. Create events from direct input
+    if (input.events) {
+      for (const eventDto of input.events) {
+        const event = this.createEventFromDto(eventDto);
+        eventsToSave.push(event);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 2. Create events from race results (using factory)
+    if (input.raceId && input.raceResults) {
+      for (const result of input.raceResults) {
+        const raceEvents = RatingEventFactory.createFromRaceFinish({
+          userId: input.userId,
+          raceId: input.raceId,
+          position: result.position,
+          totalDrivers: result.totalDrivers,
+          startPosition: result.startPosition,
+          incidents: result.incidents,
+          fieldStrength: result.fieldStrength,
+          status: result.status,
+        });
+        eventsToSave.push(...raceEvents);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 3. Save all events to ledger
+    const savedEventIds: string[] = [];
+    for (const event of eventsToSave) {
+      await this.ratingEventRepository.save(event);
+      savedEventIds.push(event.id.value);
+    }
+
+    // 4. Recompute snapshot if events were saved
+    let snapshotUpdated = false;
+    if (savedEventIds.length > 0) {
+      const allEvents = await this.ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId(input.userId);
+      const snapshot = RatingSnapshotCalculator.calculate(input.userId, allEvents);
+      await this.userRatingRepository.save(snapshot);
+      snapshotUpdated = true;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      events: savedEventIds,
+      snapshotUpdated,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private createEventFromDto(dto: CreateRatingEventDto) {
+    const props: any = {
+      id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+      userId: dto.userId,
+      dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create(dto.dimension),
+      delta: RatingDelta.create(dto.delta),
+      occurredAt: dto.occurredAt ? new Date(dto.occurredAt) : new Date(),
+      createdAt: new Date(),
+      source: { type: dto.sourceType, id: dto.sourceId },
+      reason: {
+        code: dto.reasonCode,
+        summary: dto.reasonSummary,
+        details: dto.reasonDetails || {},
+      },
+      visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+      version: 1,
+    };
+    
+    if (dto.weight !== undefined) {
+      props.weight = dto.weight;
+    }
+    
+    return RatingEvent.create(props);
+  }
+}

core/identity/application/use-cases/CastAdminVoteUseCase.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import { IAdminVoteSessionRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IAdminVoteSessionRepository';
+import { CastAdminVoteInput, CastAdminVoteOutput } from '../dtos/AdminVoteSessionDto';
+
+/**
+ * Use Case: CastAdminVoteUseCase
+ * 
+ * Casts a vote in an active admin vote session.
+ * Follows CQRS Light: command side operation.
+ * 
+ * Per plans section 7.1.1
+ */
+export class CastAdminVoteUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly adminVoteSessionRepository: IAdminVoteSessionRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(input: CastAdminVoteInput): Promise<CastAdminVoteOutput> {
+    try {
+      // Validate input
+      const errors = this.validateInput(input);
+      if (errors.length > 0) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+          voterId: input.voterId,
+          errors,
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Load the vote session
+      const session = await this.adminVoteSessionRepository.findById(input.voteSessionId);
+      if (!session) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+          voterId: input.voterId,
+          errors: ['Vote session not found'],
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Check if session is open
+      const voteTime = input.votedAt ? new Date(input.votedAt) : new Date();
+      if (!session.isVotingWindowOpen(voteTime)) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+          voterId: input.voterId,
+          errors: ['Vote session is not open for voting'],
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Cast the vote
+      session.castVote(input.voterId, input.positive, voteTime);
+
+      // Save updated session
+      await this.adminVoteSessionRepository.save(session);
+
+      return {
+        success: true,
+        voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+        voterId: input.voterId,
+      };
+
+    } catch (error) {
+      const errorMsg = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error';
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+        voterId: input.voterId,
+        errors: [`Failed to cast vote: ${errorMsg}`],
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  private validateInput(input: CastAdminVoteInput): string[] {
+    const errors: string[] = [];
+
+    if (!input.voteSessionId || input.voteSessionId.trim().length === 0) {
+      errors.push('voteSessionId is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!input.voterId || input.voterId.trim().length === 0) {
+      errors.push('voterId is required');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof input.positive !== 'boolean') {
+      errors.push('positive must be a boolean value');
+    }
+
+    if (input.votedAt) {
+      const votedAt = new Date(input.votedAt);
+      if (isNaN(votedAt.getTime())) {
+        errors.push('votedAt must be a valid date if provided');
+      }
+    }
+
+    return errors;
+  }
+}

core/identity/application/use-cases/CloseAdminVoteSessionUseCase.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import { IAdminVoteSessionRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IAdminVoteSessionRepository';
+import { IRatingEventRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository';
+import { IUserRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IUserRatingRepository';
+import { AdminTrustRatingCalculator } from '../../domain/services/AdminTrustRatingCalculator';
+import { RatingSnapshotCalculator } from '../../domain/services/RatingSnapshotCalculator';
+import { RatingEventFactory } from '../../domain/services/RatingEventFactory';
+import { CloseAdminVoteSessionInput, CloseAdminVoteSessionOutput } from '../dtos/AdminVoteSessionDto';
+
+/**
+ * Use Case: CloseAdminVoteSessionUseCase
+ * 
+ * Closes an admin vote session and generates rating events.
+ * This is the key use case that triggers events on close per plans section 7.1.1.
+ * 
+ * Flow:
+ * 1. Load and validate session
+ * 2. Close session and calculate outcome
+ * 3. Create rating events from outcome
+ * 4. Append events to ledger for each affected admin
+ * 5. Recompute snapshots
+ * 
+ * Per plans section 7.1.1 and 10.2
+ */
+export class CloseAdminVoteSessionUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly adminVoteSessionRepository: IAdminVoteSessionRepository,
+    private readonly ratingEventRepository: IRatingEventRepository,
+    private readonly userRatingRepository: IUserRatingRepository,
+    private readonly appendRatingEventsUseCase: any, // Will be typed properly in integration
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(input: CloseAdminVoteSessionInput): Promise<CloseAdminVoteSessionOutput> {
+    try {
+      // Validate input
+      const errors = this.validateInput(input);
+      if (errors.length > 0) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+          errors,
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Load the vote session
+      const session = await this.adminVoteSessionRepository.findById(input.voteSessionId);
+      if (!session) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+          errors: ['Vote session not found'],
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Validate admin ownership
+      if (session.adminId !== input.adminId) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+          errors: ['Admin does not own this vote session'],
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Check if already closed
+      if (session.closed) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+          errors: ['Vote session is already closed'],
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Check if within voting window
+      const now = new Date();
+      if (now < session.startDate || now > session.endDate) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+          errors: ['Cannot close session outside the voting window'],
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Close session and calculate outcome
+      const outcome = session.close();
+
+      // Save closed session
+      await this.adminVoteSessionRepository.save(session);
+
+      // Create rating events from outcome
+      // Per plans: events are created for the admin being voted on
+      const eventsCreated = await this.createRatingEvents(session, outcome);
+
+      return {
+        success: true,
+        voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+        outcome: {
+          percentPositive: outcome.percentPositive,
+          count: outcome.count,
+          eligibleVoterCount: outcome.eligibleVoterCount,
+          participationRate: outcome.participationRate,
+          outcome: outcome.outcome,
+        },
+        eventsCreated,
+      };
+
+    } catch (error) {
+      const errorMsg = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error';
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+        errors: [`Failed to close vote session: ${errorMsg}`],
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create rating events from vote outcome
+   * Events are created for the admin being voted on
+   */
+  private async createRatingEvents(session: any, outcome: any): Promise<number> {
+    let eventsCreated = 0;
+
+    // Use RatingEventFactory to create vote outcome events
+    const voteInput = {
+      userId: session.adminId, // The admin being voted on
+      voteSessionId: session.id,
+      outcome: (outcome.outcome === 'positive' ? 'positive' : 'negative') as 'positive' | 'negative',
+      voteCount: outcome.count.total,
+      eligibleVoterCount: outcome.eligibleVoterCount,
+      percentPositive: outcome.percentPositive,
+    };
+
+    const events = RatingEventFactory.createFromVote(voteInput);
+
+    // Save each event to ledger
+    for (const event of events) {
+      await this.ratingEventRepository.save(event);
+      eventsCreated++;
+    }
+
+    // Recompute snapshot for the admin
+    if (eventsCreated > 0) {
+      const allEvents = await this.ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId(session.adminId);
+      const snapshot = RatingSnapshotCalculator.calculate(session.adminId, allEvents);
+      await this.userRatingRepository.save(snapshot);
+    }
+
+    return eventsCreated;
+  }
+
+  private validateInput(input: CloseAdminVoteSessionInput): string[] {
+    const errors: string[] = [];
+
+    if (!input.voteSessionId || input.voteSessionId.trim().length === 0) {
+      errors.push('voteSessionId is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!input.adminId || input.adminId.trim().length === 0) {
+      errors.push('adminId is required');
+    }
+
+    return errors;
+  }
+}

core/identity/application/use-cases/OpenAdminVoteSessionUseCase.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+import { IAdminVoteSessionRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IAdminVoteSessionRepository';
+import { AdminVoteSession } from '../../domain/entities/AdminVoteSession';
+import { OpenAdminVoteSessionInput, OpenAdminVoteSessionOutput } from '../dtos/AdminVoteSessionDto';
+
+/**
+ * Use Case: OpenAdminVoteSessionUseCase
+ * 
+ * Opens a new admin vote session for a league.
+ * Follows CQRS Light: command side operation.
+ * 
+ * Per plans section 7.1.1
+ */
+export class OpenAdminVoteSessionUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly adminVoteSessionRepository: IAdminVoteSessionRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(input: OpenAdminVoteSessionInput): Promise<OpenAdminVoteSessionOutput> {
+    try {
+      // Validate input
+      const errors = this.validateInput(input);
+      if (errors.length > 0) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+          errors,
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Check if session already exists
+      const existing = await this.adminVoteSessionRepository.findById(input.voteSessionId);
+      if (existing) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+          errors: ['Vote session with this ID already exists'],
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Check for overlapping active sessions for this admin in this league
+      const activeSessions = await this.adminVoteSessionRepository.findActiveForAdmin(
+        input.adminId,
+        input.leagueId
+      );
+
+      const startDate = new Date(input.startDate);
+      const endDate = new Date(input.endDate);
+
+      for (const session of activeSessions) {
+        // Check for overlap
+        if (
+          (startDate >= session.startDate && startDate <= session.endDate) ||
+          (endDate >= session.startDate && endDate <= session.endDate) ||
+          (startDate <= session.startDate && endDate >= session.endDate)
+        ) {
+          return {
+            success: false,
+            voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+            errors: ['Active vote session already exists for this admin in this league with overlapping dates'],
+          };
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Create the vote session
+      const session = AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+        leagueId: input.leagueId,
+        adminId: input.adminId,
+        startDate,
+        endDate,
+        eligibleVoters: input.eligibleVoters,
+      });
+
+      // Save to repository
+      await this.adminVoteSessionRepository.save(session);
+
+      return {
+        success: true,
+        voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+      };
+
+    } catch (error) {
+      const errorMsg = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error';
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        voteSessionId: input.voteSessionId,
+        errors: [`Failed to open vote session: ${errorMsg}`],
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  private validateInput(input: OpenAdminVoteSessionInput): string[] {
+    const errors: string[] = [];
+
+    if (!input.voteSessionId || input.voteSessionId.trim().length === 0) {
+      errors.push('voteSessionId is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!input.leagueId || input.leagueId.trim().length === 0) {
+      errors.push('leagueId is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!input.adminId || input.adminId.trim().length === 0) {
+      errors.push('adminId is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!input.startDate) {
+      errors.push('startDate is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!input.endDate) {
+      errors.push('endDate is required');
+    }
+
+    if (input.startDate && input.endDate) {
+      const startDate = new Date(input.startDate);
+      const endDate = new Date(input.endDate);
+
+      if (isNaN(startDate.getTime())) {
+        errors.push('startDate must be a valid date');
+      }
+
+      if (isNaN(endDate.getTime())) {
+        errors.push('endDate must be a valid date');
+      }
+
+      if (startDate >= endDate) {
+        errors.push('startDate must be before endDate');
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!input.eligibleVoters || input.eligibleVoters.length === 0) {
+      errors.push('At least one eligible voter is required');
+    } else {
+      // Check for duplicates
+      const uniqueVoters = new Set(input.eligibleVoters);
+      if (uniqueVoters.size !== input.eligibleVoters.length) {
+        errors.push('Duplicate eligible voters are not allowed');
+      }
+    }
+
+    return errors;
+  }
+}

core/identity/application/use-cases/RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+
+import { RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase } from './RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase';
+import { IRatingEventRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository';
+import { IUserRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IUserRatingRepository';
+import { UserRating } from '../../domain/value-objects/UserRating';
+import { RatingEvent } from '../../domain/entities/RatingEvent';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingDelta';
+
+describe('RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase', () => {
+  let mockEventRepo: Partial<IRatingEventRepository>;
+  let mockRatingRepo: Partial<IUserRatingRepository>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockEventRepo = {
+      getAllByUserId: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([]),
+    };
+
+    mockRatingRepo = {
+      save: vi.fn(),
+    };
+  });
+
+  it('should be constructed with repositories', () => {
+    const useCase = new RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase(
+      mockEventRepo as IRatingEventRepository,
+      mockRatingRepo as IUserRatingRepository,
+    );
+    expect(useCase).toBeInstanceOf(RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase);
+  });
+
+  it('should compute snapshot from empty event list', async () => {
+    const useCase = new RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase(
+      mockEventRepo as IRatingEventRepository,
+      mockRatingRepo as IUserRatingRepository,
+    );
+
+    const result = await useCase.execute({ userId: 'user-1' });
+
+    expect(result.snapshot.userId).toBe('user-1');
+    expect(result.snapshot.driver.value).toBe(50); // Default
+    expect(mockEventRepo.getAllByUserId).toHaveBeenCalledWith('user-1');
+    expect(mockRatingRepo.save).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should compute snapshot from events', async () => {
+    const events = [
+      RatingEvent.create({
+        id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-1' },
+        reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+        visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+        version: 1,
+      }),
+    ];
+
+    mockEventRepo.getAllByUserId = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(events);
+
+    const useCase = new RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase(
+      mockEventRepo as IRatingEventRepository,
+      mockRatingRepo as IUserRatingRepository,
+    );
+
+    const result = await useCase.execute({ userId: 'user-1' });
+
+    expect(result.snapshot.userId).toBe('user-1');
+    expect(result.snapshot.driver.value).toBeGreaterThan(50); // Should have increased
+    expect(mockEventRepo.getAllByUserId).toHaveBeenCalledWith('user-1');
+    expect(mockRatingRepo.save).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should return proper DTO format', async () => {
+    const useCase = new RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase(
+      mockEventRepo as IRatingEventRepository,
+      mockRatingRepo as IUserRatingRepository,
+    );
+
+    const result = await useCase.execute({ userId: 'user-1' });
+
+    // Check DTO structure
+    expect(result.snapshot).toHaveProperty('userId');
+    expect(result.snapshot).toHaveProperty('driver');
+    expect(result.snapshot).toHaveProperty('admin');
+    expect(result.snapshot).toHaveProperty('steward');
+    expect(result.snapshot).toHaveProperty('trust');
+    expect(result.snapshot).toHaveProperty('fairness');
+    expect(result.snapshot).toHaveProperty('overallReputation');
+    expect(result.snapshot).toHaveProperty('createdAt');
+    expect(result.snapshot).toHaveProperty('updatedAt');
+
+    // Check dimension structure
+    expect(result.snapshot.driver).toEqual({
+      value: expect.any(Number),
+      confidence: expect.any(Number),
+      sampleSize: expect.any(Number),
+      trend: expect.any(String),
+      lastUpdated: expect.any(String),
+    });
+
+    // Check dates are ISO strings
+    expect(result.snapshot.createdAt).toMatch(/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T/);
+    expect(result.snapshot.updatedAt).toMatch(/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T/);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle calculatorVersion in DTO', async () => {
+    // Create a rating with calculatorVersion
+    const rating = UserRating.create('user-1');
+    const updated = rating.updateDriverRating(75);
+    
+    mockRatingRepo.save = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(updated);
+
+    const useCase = new RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase(
+      mockEventRepo as IRatingEventRepository,
+      mockRatingRepo as IUserRatingRepository,
+    );
+
+    const result = await useCase.execute({ userId: 'user-1' });
+
+    // Should have calculatorVersion
+    expect(result.snapshot.calculatorVersion).toBeDefined();
+  });
+});

core/identity/application/use-cases/RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import { IRatingEventRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository';
+import { IUserRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IUserRatingRepository';
+import { RatingSnapshotCalculator } from '../../domain/services/RatingSnapshotCalculator';
+import { UserRatingDto } from '../dtos/UserRatingDto';
+
+/**
+ * Input for RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase
+ */
+export interface RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotInput {
+  userId: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Output for RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase
+ */
+export interface RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotOutput {
+  snapshot: UserRatingDto;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Use Case: RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase
+ * 
+ * Recomputes a user's rating snapshot from all events in the ledger.
+ * Useful for:
+ * - Algorithm updates
+ * - Data corrections
+ * - Manual recomputation
+ */
+export class RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly ratingEventRepository: IRatingEventRepository,
+    private readonly userRatingRepository: IUserRatingRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(input: RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotInput): Promise<RecomputeUserRatingSnapshotOutput> {
+    // 1. Load all events for the user
+    const events = await this.ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId(input.userId);
+
+    // 2. Compute snapshot from events
+    const snapshot = RatingSnapshotCalculator.calculate(input.userId, events);
+
+    // 3. Save snapshot
+    await this.userRatingRepository.save(snapshot);
+
+    // 4. Convert to DTO for output
+    const dto: UserRatingDto = {
+      userId: snapshot.userId,
+      driver: {
+        value: snapshot.driver.value,
+        confidence: snapshot.driver.confidence,
+        sampleSize: snapshot.driver.sampleSize,
+        trend: snapshot.driver.trend,
+        lastUpdated: snapshot.driver.lastUpdated.toISOString(),
+      },
+      admin: {
+        value: snapshot.admin.value,
+        confidence: snapshot.admin.confidence,
+        sampleSize: snapshot.admin.sampleSize,
+        trend: snapshot.admin.trend,
+        lastUpdated: snapshot.admin.lastUpdated.toISOString(),
+      },
+      steward: {
+        value: snapshot.steward.value,
+        confidence: snapshot.steward.confidence,
+        sampleSize: snapshot.steward.sampleSize,
+        trend: snapshot.steward.trend,
+        lastUpdated: snapshot.steward.lastUpdated.toISOString(),
+      },
+      trust: {
+        value: snapshot.trust.value,
+        confidence: snapshot.trust.confidence,
+        sampleSize: snapshot.trust.sampleSize,
+        trend: snapshot.trust.trend,
+        lastUpdated: snapshot.trust.lastUpdated.toISOString(),
+      },
+      fairness: {
+        value: snapshot.fairness.value,
+        confidence: snapshot.fairness.confidence,
+        sampleSize: snapshot.fairness.sampleSize,
+        trend: snapshot.fairness.trend,
+        lastUpdated: snapshot.fairness.lastUpdated.toISOString(),
+      },
+      overallReputation: snapshot.overallReputation,
+      createdAt: snapshot.createdAt.toISOString(),
+      updatedAt: snapshot.updatedAt.toISOString(),
+    };
+    
+    if (snapshot.calculatorVersion !== undefined) {
+      dto.calculatorVersion = snapshot.calculatorVersion;
+    }
+
+    return { snapshot: dto };
+  }
+}

core/identity/application/use-cases/RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase.integration.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+import { RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase } from './RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase';
+import { IRaceResultsProvider, RaceResultsData } from '../ports/IRaceResultsProvider';
+import { IRatingEventRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository';
+import { IUserRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IUserRatingRepository';
+import { AppendRatingEventsUseCase } from './AppendRatingEventsUseCase';
+import { UserRating } from '../../domain/value-objects/UserRating';
+import { RatingEvent } from '../../domain/entities/RatingEvent';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingDelta';
+
+// In-memory implementations for integration testing
+class InMemoryRaceResultsProvider implements IRaceResultsProvider {
+  private results: Map<string, RaceResultsData> = new Map();
+
+  async getRaceResults(raceId: string): Promise<RaceResultsData | null> {
+    return this.results.get(raceId) || null;
+  }
+
+  async hasRaceResults(raceId: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    return this.results.has(raceId);
+  }
+
+  // Helper for tests
+  setRaceResults(raceId: string, results: RaceResultsData) {
+    this.results.set(raceId, results);
+  }
+}
+
+class InMemoryRatingEventRepository implements IRatingEventRepository {
+  private events: Map<string, RatingEvent[]> = new Map();
+
+  async save(event: RatingEvent): Promise<RatingEvent> {
+    const userId = event.userId;
+    if (!this.events.has(userId)) {
+      this.events.set(userId, []);
+    }
+    this.events.get(userId)!.push(event);
+    return event;
+  }
+
+  async findByUserId(userId: string): Promise<RatingEvent[]> {
+    return this.events.get(userId) || [];
+  }
+
+  async findByIds(ids: RatingEventId[]): Promise<RatingEvent[]> {
+    const allEvents = Array.from(this.events.values()).flat();
+    return allEvents.filter(e => ids.some(id => id.equals(e.id)));
+  }
+
+  async getAllByUserId(userId: string): Promise<RatingEvent[]> {
+    return this.events.get(userId) || [];
+  }
+
+  async findEventsPaginated(userId: string, options?: import('@core/identity/domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository').PaginatedQueryOptions): Promise<import('@core/identity/domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository').PaginatedResult<RatingEvent>> {
+    const allEvents = await this.findByUserId(userId);
+    
+    // Apply filters
+    let filtered = allEvents;
+    if (options?.filter) {
+      const filter = options.filter;
+      if (filter.dimensions) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => filter.dimensions!.includes(e.dimension.value));
+      }
+      if (filter.sourceTypes) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => filter.sourceTypes!.includes(e.source.type));
+      }
+      if (filter.from) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => e.occurredAt >= filter.from!);
+      }
+      if (filter.to) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => e.occurredAt <= filter.to!);
+      }
+      if (filter.reasonCodes) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => filter.reasonCodes!.includes(e.reason.code));
+      }
+      if (filter.visibility) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => e.visibility.public === (filter.visibility === 'public'));
+      }
+    }
+
+    const total = filtered.length;
+    const limit = options?.limit ?? 10;
+    const offset = options?.offset ?? 0;
+    const items = filtered.slice(offset, offset + limit);
+    const hasMore = offset + limit < total;
+    const nextOffset = hasMore ? offset + limit : undefined;
+
+    const result: import('@core/identity/domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository').PaginatedResult<RatingEvent> = {
+      items,
+      total,
+      limit,
+      offset,
+      hasMore
+    };
+    
+    if (nextOffset !== undefined) {
+      result.nextOffset = nextOffset;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Helper for tests
+  clear() {
+    this.events.clear();
+  }
+
+  getAllEvents(): RatingEvent[] {
+    return Array.from(this.events.values()).flat();
+  }
+}
+
+class InMemoryUserRatingRepository implements IUserRatingRepository {
+  private ratings: Map<string, UserRating> = new Map();
+
+  async findByUserId(userId: string): Promise<UserRating | null> {
+    return this.ratings.get(userId) || null;
+  }
+
+  async save(userRating: UserRating): Promise<UserRating> {
+    this.ratings.set(userRating.userId, userRating);
+    return userRating;
+  }
+
+  // Helper for tests
+  getAllRatings(): Map<string, UserRating> {
+    return new Map(this.ratings);
+  }
+
+  clear() {
+    this.ratings.clear();
+  }
+}
+
+describe('RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase - Integration', () => {
+  let useCase: RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase;
+  let raceResultsProvider: InMemoryRaceResultsProvider;
+  let ratingEventRepository: InMemoryRatingEventRepository;
+  let userRatingRepository: InMemoryUserRatingRepository;
+  let appendRatingEventsUseCase: AppendRatingEventsUseCase;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    raceResultsProvider = new InMemoryRaceResultsProvider();
+    ratingEventRepository = new InMemoryRatingEventRepository();
+    userRatingRepository = new InMemoryUserRatingRepository();
+    appendRatingEventsUseCase = new AppendRatingEventsUseCase(
+      ratingEventRepository,
+      userRatingRepository
+    );
+    useCase = new RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase(
+      raceResultsProvider,
+      ratingEventRepository,
+      userRatingRepository,
+      appendRatingEventsUseCase
+    );
+  });
+
+  describe('Full flow: race facts -> events -> persist -> snapshot', () => {
+    it('should complete full flow for single driver with good performance', async () => {
+      // Step 1: Setup race facts
+      const raceFacts: RaceResultsData = {
+        raceId: 'race-001',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'driver-001',
+            startPos: 8,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      raceResultsProvider.setRaceResults('race-001', raceFacts);
+
+      // Step 2: Create initial user rating
+      const initialRating = UserRating.create('driver-001');
+      await userRatingRepository.save(initialRating);
+
+      // Step 3: Execute use case
+      const result = await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-001' });
+
+      // Step 4: Verify success
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.raceId).toBe('race-001');
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(result.driversUpdated).toContain('driver-001');
+      expect(result.errors).toEqual([]);
+
+      // Step 5: Verify events were persisted
+      const events = await ratingEventRepository.findByUserId('driver-001');
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+      // Step 6: Verify snapshot was updated
+      const updatedRating = await userRatingRepository.findByUserId('driver-001');
+      expect(updatedRating).toBeDefined();
+      expect(updatedRating!.driver.value).toBeGreaterThan(initialRating.driver.value);
+      expect(updatedRating!.driver.sampleSize).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(updatedRating!.driver.confidence).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+      // Step 7: Verify event details
+      const performanceEvent = events.find(e => e.reason.code === 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN');
+      expect(performanceEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(performanceEvent!.delta.value).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(performanceEvent!.source.id).toBe('race-001');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle multiple drivers with mixed results', async () => {
+      // Setup race with multiple drivers
+      const raceFacts: RaceResultsData = {
+        raceId: 'race-002',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'driver-001',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 1,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'driver-002',
+            startPos: 3,
+            finishPos: 8,
+            incidents: 3,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'driver-003',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 5,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'dns',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      raceResultsProvider.setRaceResults('race-002', raceFacts);
+
+      // Create initial ratings
+      await userRatingRepository.save(UserRating.create('driver-001'));
+      await userRatingRepository.save(UserRating.create('driver-002'));
+      await userRatingRepository.save(UserRating.create('driver-003'));
+
+      // Execute
+      const result = await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-002' });
+
+      // Verify
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.driversUpdated.length).toBe(3);
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+      // Check each driver
+      for (const driverId of ['driver-001', 'driver-002', 'driver-003']) {
+        const events = await ratingEventRepository.findByUserId(driverId);
+        expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+        const rating = await userRatingRepository.findByUserId(driverId);
+        expect(rating).toBeDefined();
+        expect(rating!.driver.sampleSize).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      }
+
+      // driver-001 should have positive delta
+      const driver1Rating = await userRatingRepository.findByUserId('driver-001');
+      expect(driver1Rating!.driver.value).toBeGreaterThan(50);
+
+      // driver-002 should have negative delta (poor position + incidents)
+      const driver2Rating = await userRatingRepository.findByUserId('driver-002');
+      expect(driver2Rating!.driver.value).toBeLessThan(50);
+
+      // driver-003 should have negative delta (DNS)
+      const driver3Rating = await userRatingRepository.findByUserId('driver-003');
+      expect(driver3Rating!.driver.value).toBeLessThan(50);
+    });
+
+    it('should compute SoF when not provided', async () => {
+      const raceFacts: RaceResultsData = {
+        raceId: 'race-003',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'driver-001',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            // No sof
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'driver-002',
+            startPos: 3,
+            finishPos: 8,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            // No sof
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      raceResultsProvider.setRaceResults('race-003', raceFacts);
+
+      // Set ratings for SoF calculation
+      const rating1 = UserRating.create('driver-001').updateDriverRating(60);
+      const rating2 = UserRating.create('driver-002').updateDriverRating(40);
+      await userRatingRepository.save(rating1);
+      await userRatingRepository.save(rating2);
+
+      // Execute
+      const result = await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-003' });
+
+      // Verify SoF was computed (average of 60 and 40 = 50)
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+      // Events should be created with computed SoF
+      const events = await ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId('driver-001');
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle partial failures gracefully', async () => {
+      const raceFacts: RaceResultsData = {
+        raceId: 'race-004',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'driver-001',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'driver-002',
+            startPos: 3,
+            finishPos: 8,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      raceResultsProvider.setRaceResults('race-004', raceFacts);
+
+      // Only create rating for first driver
+      await userRatingRepository.save(UserRating.create('driver-001'));
+
+      // Execute
+      const result = await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-004' });
+
+      // Should have partial success
+      expect(result.raceId).toBe('race-004');
+      expect(result.driversUpdated).toContain('driver-001');
+      expect(result.errors).toBeDefined();
+      expect(result.errors!.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should maintain event immutability and ordering', async () => {
+      const raceFacts: RaceResultsData = {
+        raceId: 'race-005',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'driver-001',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 1,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      raceResultsProvider.setRaceResults('race-005', raceFacts);
+      await userRatingRepository.save(UserRating.create('driver-001'));
+
+      // Execute multiple times
+      await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-005' });
+      const result1 = await ratingEventRepository.findByUserId('driver-001');
+
+      // Execute again (should add more events)
+      await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-005' });
+      const result2 = await ratingEventRepository.findByUserId('driver-001');
+
+      // Events should accumulate
+      expect(result2.length).toBeGreaterThan(result1.length);
+
+      // All events should be immutable
+      for (const event of result2) {
+        expect(event.id).toBeDefined();
+        expect(event.createdAt).toBeDefined();
+        expect(event.occurredAt).toBeDefined();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should update snapshot with weighted average and confidence', async () => {
+      // Multiple races for same driver
+      const race1: RaceResultsData = {
+        raceId: 'race-006',
+        results: [{ userId: 'driver-001', startPos: 10, finishPos: 5, incidents: 0, status: 'finished', sof: 2500 }],
+      };
+      const race2: RaceResultsData = {
+        raceId: 'race-007',
+        results: [{ userId: 'driver-001', startPos: 5, finishPos: 2, incidents: 0, status: 'finished', sof: 2500 }],
+      };
+
+      raceResultsProvider.setRaceResults('race-006', race1);
+      raceResultsProvider.setRaceResults('race-007', race2);
+
+      await userRatingRepository.save(UserRating.create('driver-001'));
+
+      // Execute first race
+      await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-006' });
+      const rating1 = await userRatingRepository.findByUserId('driver-001');
+      expect(rating1!.driver.sampleSize).toBe(1);
+
+      // Execute second race
+      await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-007' });
+      const rating2 = await userRatingRepository.findByUserId('driver-001');
+      expect(rating2!.driver.sampleSize).toBe(2);
+      expect(rating2!.driver.confidence).toBeGreaterThan(rating1!.driver.confidence);
+
+      // Trend should be calculated
+      expect(rating2!.driver.trend).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/application/use-cases/RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+import { RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase } from './RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase';
+import { IRaceResultsProvider, RaceResultsData } from '../ports/IRaceResultsProvider';
+import { IRatingEventRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository';
+import { IUserRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IUserRatingRepository';
+import { AppendRatingEventsUseCase } from './AppendRatingEventsUseCase';
+import { UserRating } from '../../domain/value-objects/UserRating';
+import { RatingEvent } from '../../domain/entities/RatingEvent';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../../domain/value-objects/RatingDelta';
+
+// Mock implementations
+class MockRaceResultsProvider implements IRaceResultsProvider {
+  private results: RaceResultsData | null = null;
+
+  setResults(results: RaceResultsData | null) {
+    this.results = results;
+  }
+
+  async getRaceResults(raceId: string): Promise<RaceResultsData | null> {
+    return this.results;
+  }
+
+  async hasRaceResults(raceId: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    return this.results !== null;
+  }
+}
+
+class MockRatingEventRepository implements IRatingEventRepository {
+  private events: RatingEvent[] = [];
+
+  async save(event: RatingEvent): Promise<RatingEvent> {
+    this.events.push(event);
+    return event;
+  }
+
+  async findByUserId(userId: string): Promise<RatingEvent[]> {
+    return this.events.filter(e => e.userId === userId);
+  }
+
+  async findByIds(ids: RatingEventId[]): Promise<RatingEvent[]> {
+    return this.events.filter(e => ids.some(id => id.equals(e.id)));
+  }
+
+  async getAllByUserId(userId: string): Promise<RatingEvent[]> {
+    return this.events.filter(e => e.userId === userId);
+  }
+
+  async findEventsPaginated(userId: string, options?: import('@core/identity/domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository').PaginatedQueryOptions): Promise<import('@core/identity/domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository').PaginatedResult<RatingEvent>> {
+    const allEvents = await this.findByUserId(userId);
+    
+    // Apply filters
+    let filtered = allEvents;
+    if (options?.filter) {
+      const filter = options.filter;
+      if (filter.dimensions) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => filter.dimensions!.includes(e.dimension.value));
+      }
+      if (filter.sourceTypes) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => filter.sourceTypes!.includes(e.source.type));
+      }
+      if (filter.from) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => e.occurredAt >= filter.from!);
+      }
+      if (filter.to) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => e.occurredAt <= filter.to!);
+      }
+      if (filter.reasonCodes) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => filter.reasonCodes!.includes(e.reason.code));
+      }
+      if (filter.visibility) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => e.visibility.public === (filter.visibility === 'public'));
+      }
+    }
+
+    const total = filtered.length;
+    const limit = options?.limit ?? 10;
+    const offset = options?.offset ?? 0;
+    const items = filtered.slice(offset, offset + limit);
+    const hasMore = offset + limit < total;
+    const nextOffset = hasMore ? offset + limit : undefined;
+
+    const result: import('@core/identity/domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository').PaginatedResult<RatingEvent> = {
+      items,
+      total,
+      limit,
+      offset,
+      hasMore
+    };
+    
+    if (nextOffset !== undefined) {
+      result.nextOffset = nextOffset;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+class MockUserRatingRepository implements IUserRatingRepository {
+  private ratings: Map<string, UserRating> = new Map();
+
+  async findByUserId(userId: string): Promise<UserRating | null> {
+    return this.ratings.get(userId) || null;
+  }
+
+  async save(userRating: UserRating): Promise<UserRating> {
+    this.ratings.set(userRating.userId, userRating);
+    return userRating;
+  }
+
+  // Helper for tests
+  setRating(userId: string, rating: UserRating) {
+    this.ratings.set(userId, rating);
+  }
+}
+
+describe('RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase', () => {
+  let useCase: RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase;
+  let mockRaceResultsProvider: MockRaceResultsProvider;
+  let mockRatingEventRepository: MockRatingEventRepository;
+  let mockUserRatingRepository: MockUserRatingRepository;
+  let appendRatingEventsUseCase: AppendRatingEventsUseCase;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockRaceResultsProvider = new MockRaceResultsProvider();
+    mockRatingEventRepository = new MockRatingEventRepository();
+    mockUserRatingRepository = new MockUserRatingRepository();
+    appendRatingEventsUseCase = new AppendRatingEventsUseCase(
+      mockRatingEventRepository,
+      mockUserRatingRepository
+    );
+    useCase = new RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase(
+      mockRaceResultsProvider,
+      mockRatingEventRepository,
+      mockUserRatingRepository,
+      appendRatingEventsUseCase
+    );
+  });
+
+  describe('execute', () => {
+    it('should return error when race results not found', async () => {
+      mockRaceResultsProvider.setResults(null);
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-123' });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.raceId).toBe('race-123');
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.driversUpdated).toEqual([]);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Race results not found');
+    });
+
+    it('should return error when no results in race', async () => {
+      mockRaceResultsProvider.setResults({
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [],
+      });
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-123' });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('No results found for race');
+    });
+
+    it('should process single driver with good performance', async () => {
+      mockRaceResultsProvider.setResults({
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      });
+
+      // Set initial rating for user
+      const initialRating = UserRating.create('user-123');
+      mockUserRatingRepository.setRating('user-123', initialRating);
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-123' });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.raceId).toBe('race-123');
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(result.driversUpdated).toContain('user-123');
+      expect(result.errors).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('should process multiple drivers with mixed results', async () => {
+      mockRaceResultsProvider.setResults({
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-456',
+            startPos: 3,
+            finishPos: 8,
+            incidents: 2,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-789',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 5,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'dns',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      });
+
+      // Set initial ratings
+      mockUserRatingRepository.setRating('user-123', UserRating.create('user-123'));
+      mockUserRatingRepository.setRating('user-456', UserRating.create('user-456'));
+      mockUserRatingRepository.setRating('user-789', UserRating.create('user-789'));
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-123' });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(result.driversUpdated.length).toBe(3);
+      expect(result.driversUpdated).toContain('user-123');
+      expect(result.driversUpdated).toContain('user-456');
+      expect(result.driversUpdated).toContain('user-789');
+      expect(result.errors).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('should compute SoF if not provided', async () => {
+      mockRaceResultsProvider.setResults({
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            // No sof
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-456',
+            startPos: 3,
+            finishPos: 8,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            // No sof
+          },
+        ],
+      });
+
+      // Set ratings for SoF calculation
+      const rating1 = UserRating.create('user-123');
+      const rating2 = UserRating.create('user-456');
+      // Update driver ratings to specific values
+      mockUserRatingRepository.setRating('user-123', rating1.updateDriverRating(60));
+      mockUserRatingRepository.setRating('user-456', rating2.updateDriverRating(40));
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-123' });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(result.driversUpdated.length).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle errors for individual drivers gracefully', async () => {
+      mockRaceResultsProvider.setResults({
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-456',
+            startPos: 3,
+            finishPos: 8,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      });
+
+      // Only set rating for first user, second will fail
+      mockUserRatingRepository.setRating('user-123', UserRating.create('user-123'));
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-123' });
+
+      // Should still succeed overall but with errors
+      expect(result.raceId).toBe('race-123');
+      expect(result.driversUpdated).toContain('user-123');
+      expect(result.errors).toBeDefined();
+      expect(result.errors!.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should return success with no events when no valid events created', async () => {
+      // This would require a scenario where factory creates no events
+      // For now, we'll test with empty results
+      mockRaceResultsProvider.setResults({
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [],
+      });
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-123' });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false); // No results
+    });
+
+    it('should handle repository errors', async () => {
+      mockRaceResultsProvider.setResults({
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      });
+
+      mockUserRatingRepository.setRating('user-123', UserRating.create('user-123'));
+
+      // Mock repository to throw error
+      const originalSave = mockRatingEventRepository.save;
+      mockRatingEventRepository.save = async () => {
+        throw new Error('Repository error');
+      };
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute({ raceId: 'race-123' });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toBeDefined();
+      expect(result.errors!.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+      // Restore
+      mockRatingEventRepository.save = originalSave;
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/application/use-cases/RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+import { IRaceResultsProvider } from '../ports/IRaceResultsProvider';
+import { IRatingEventRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository';
+import { IUserRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IUserRatingRepository';
+import { RatingEventFactory } from '../../domain/services/RatingEventFactory';
+import { DrivingRatingCalculator } from '../../domain/services/DrivingRatingCalculator';
+import { RatingSnapshotCalculator } from '../../domain/services/RatingSnapshotCalculator';
+import { AppendRatingEventsUseCase } from './AppendRatingEventsUseCase';
+import { RecordRaceRatingEventsInput, RecordRaceRatingEventsOutput } from '../dtos/RecordRaceRatingEventsDto';
+
+/**
+ * Use Case: RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase
+ * 
+ * Records rating events for a completed race.
+ * Follows CQRS Light: command side operation.
+ * 
+ * Flow:
+ * 1. Load race results from racing context
+ * 2. Compute SoF if needed (platform-only)
+ * 3. Factory creates rating events
+ * 4. Append to ledger via AppendRatingEventsUseCase
+ * 5. Recompute snapshots
+ * 
+ * Per plans section 7.1.1 and 10.1
+ */
+export class RecordRaceRatingEventsUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly raceResultsProvider: IRaceResultsProvider,
+    private readonly ratingEventRepository: IRatingEventRepository,
+    private readonly userRatingRepository: IUserRatingRepository,
+    private readonly appendRatingEventsUseCase: AppendRatingEventsUseCase,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(input: RecordRaceRatingEventsInput): Promise<RecordRaceRatingEventsOutput> {
+    const errors: string[] = [];
+    const driversUpdated: string[] = [];
+    let totalEventsCreated = 0;
+
+    try {
+      // 1. Load race results
+      const raceResults = await this.raceResultsProvider.getRaceResults(input.raceId);
+      
+      if (!raceResults) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          raceId: input.raceId,
+          eventsCreated: 0,
+          driversUpdated: [],
+          errors: ['Race results not found'],
+        };
+      }
+
+      if (raceResults.results.length === 0) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          raceId: input.raceId,
+          eventsCreated: 0,
+          driversUpdated: [],
+          errors: ['No results found for race'],
+        };
+      }
+
+      // 2. Compute SoF if not provided (platform-only approach)
+      // Use existing user ratings as platform strength indicators
+      const resultsWithSof = await this.computeSoFIfNeeded(raceResults);
+
+      // 3. Create rating events using factory
+      const eventsByUser = RatingEventFactory.createDrivingEventsFromRace({
+        raceId: input.raceId,
+        results: resultsWithSof,
+      });
+
+      if (eventsByUser.size === 0) {
+        return {
+          success: true,
+          raceId: input.raceId,
+          eventsCreated: 0,
+          driversUpdated: [],
+          errors: [],
+        };
+      }
+
+      // 4. Process each driver's events
+      for (const [userId, events] of eventsByUser) {
+        try {
+          // Use AppendRatingEventsUseCase to handle ledger and snapshot
+          const result = await this.appendRatingEventsUseCase.execute({
+            userId,
+            events: events.map(event => ({
+              userId: event.userId,
+              dimension: event.dimension.value,
+              delta: event.delta.value,
+              weight: event.weight || 1,
+              sourceType: event.source.type,
+              sourceId: event.source.id,
+              reasonCode: event.reason.code,
+              reasonSummary: event.reason.summary,
+              reasonDetails: event.reason.details,
+              occurredAt: event.occurredAt.toISOString(),
+            })),
+          });
+
+          if (result.snapshotUpdated) {
+            driversUpdated.push(userId);
+            totalEventsCreated += result.events.length;
+          }
+        } catch (error) {
+          const errorMsg = `Failed to process events for user ${userId}: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'}`;
+          errors.push(errorMsg);
+        }
+      }
+
+      return {
+        success: errors.length === 0,
+        raceId: input.raceId,
+        eventsCreated: totalEventsCreated,
+        driversUpdated,
+        errors,
+      };
+
+    } catch (error) {
+      const errorMsg = `Failed to record race rating events: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'}`;
+      errors.push(errorMsg);
+
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        raceId: input.raceId,
+        eventsCreated: 0,
+        driversUpdated: [],
+        errors,
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute Strength of Field if not provided in results
+   * Uses platform driving ratings (existing user ratings)
+   */
+  private async computeSoFIfNeeded(raceResults: {
+    raceId: string;
+    results: Array<{
+      userId: string;
+      startPos: number;
+      finishPos: number;
+      incidents: number;
+      status: 'finished' | 'dnf' | 'dns' | 'dsq' | 'afk';
+      sof?: number;
+    }>;
+  }): Promise<Array<{
+    userId: string;
+    startPos: number;
+    finishPos: number;
+    incidents: number;
+    status: 'finished' | 'dnf' | 'dns' | 'dsq' | 'afk';
+    sof: number;
+  }>> {
+    // Check if all results have sof
+    const hasAllSof = raceResults.results.every(r => r.sof !== undefined);
+    
+    if (hasAllSof) {
+      return raceResults.results.map(r => ({ ...r, sof: r.sof! }));
+    }
+
+    // Need to compute SoF - get user ratings for all drivers
+    const userIds = raceResults.results.map(r => r.userId);
+    const ratingsMap = new Map<string, number>();
+
+    // Get ratings for all drivers
+    for (const userId of userIds) {
+      const userRating = await this.userRatingRepository.findByUserId(userId);
+      if (userRating) {
+        ratingsMap.set(userId, userRating.driver.value);
+      } else {
+        // Default rating for new drivers
+        ratingsMap.set(userId, 50);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Calculate average rating as SoF
+    const ratings = Array.from(ratingsMap.values());
+    const sof = ratings.length > 0 
+      ? Math.round(ratings.reduce((sum, r) => sum + r, 0) / ratings.length)
+      : 50;
+
+    // Add SoF to each result
+    return raceResults.results.map(r => ({
+      ...r,
+      sof: r.sof !== undefined ? r.sof : sof,
+    }));
+  }
+}

core/identity/application/use-cases/UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase.integration.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+import { UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase } from './UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase';
+import { UpsertExternalGameRatingInput } from '../dtos/UpsertExternalGameRatingDto';
+
+// Mock repository for integration test
+class MockExternalGameRatingRepository {
+  private profiles = new Map<string, any>();
+
+  private getKey(userId: string, gameKey: string): string {
+    return `${userId}|${gameKey}`;
+  }
+
+  async findByUserIdAndGameKey(userId: string, gameKey: string): Promise<any | null> {
+    return this.profiles.get(this.getKey(userId, gameKey)) || null;
+  }
+
+  async findByUserId(userId: string): Promise<any[]> {
+    return Array.from(this.profiles.values()).filter((p: any) => p.userId.toString() === userId);
+  }
+
+  async findByGameKey(gameKey: string): Promise<any[]> {
+    return Array.from(this.profiles.values()).filter((p: any) => p.gameKey.toString() === gameKey);
+  }
+
+  async save(profile: any): Promise<any> {
+    const key = this.getKey(profile.userId.toString(), profile.gameKey.toString());
+    this.profiles.set(key, profile);
+    return profile;
+  }
+
+  async delete(userId: string, gameKey: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    return this.profiles.delete(this.getKey(userId, gameKey));
+  }
+
+  async exists(userId: string, gameKey: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    return this.profiles.has(this.getKey(userId, gameKey));
+  }
+
+  clear(): void {
+    this.profiles.clear();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase
+ * Tests the full flow from use case to repository
+ */
+describe('UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase - Integration', () => {
+  let useCase: UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase;
+  let repository: MockExternalGameRatingRepository;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    repository = new MockExternalGameRatingRepository();
+    useCase = new UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase(repository as any);
+  });
+
+  describe('Full upsert flow', () => {
+    it('should create and then update a profile', async () => {
+      // Step 1: Create new profile
+      const createInput: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [
+          { type: 'safety', value: 85.5 },
+          { type: 'skill', value: 92.0 },
+        ],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+          verified: false,
+        },
+      };
+
+      const createResult = await useCase.execute(createInput);
+
+      expect(createResult.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(createResult.action).toBe('created');
+      expect(createResult.profile.ratingCount).toBe(2);
+      expect(createResult.profile.verified).toBe(false);
+
+      // Verify it was saved
+      const savedProfile = await repository.findByUserIdAndGameKey('user-123', 'iracing');
+      expect(savedProfile).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(savedProfile?.ratings.size).toBe(2);
+
+      // Step 2: Update the profile
+      const updateInput: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [
+          { type: 'safety', value: 90.0 },
+          { type: 'skill', value: 95.0 },
+          { type: 'consistency', value: 88.0 },
+        ],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-02T00:00:00Z',
+          verified: true,
+        },
+      };
+
+      const updateResult = await useCase.execute(updateInput);
+
+      expect(updateResult.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(updateResult.action).toBe('updated');
+      expect(updateResult.profile.ratingCount).toBe(3);
+      expect(updateResult.profile.verified).toBe(true);
+
+      // Verify the update was persisted
+      const updatedProfile = await repository.findByUserIdAndGameKey('user-123', 'iracing');
+      expect(updatedProfile).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(updatedProfile?.ratings.size).toBe(3);
+      expect(updatedProfile?.getRatingByType('safety')?.value).toBe(90.0);
+      expect(updatedProfile?.getRatingByType('consistency')).toBeDefined();
+      expect(updatedProfile?.provenance.verified).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle multiple users and games', async () => {
+      // Create profiles for different users/games
+      const inputs: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput[] = [
+        {
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          gameKey: 'iracing',
+          ratings: [{ type: 'safety', value: 80.0 }],
+          provenance: { source: 'iracing', lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z' },
+        },
+        {
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          gameKey: 'assetto',
+          ratings: [{ type: 'safety', value: 75.0 }],
+          provenance: { source: 'assetto', lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z' },
+        },
+        {
+          userId: 'user-2',
+          gameKey: 'iracing',
+          ratings: [{ type: 'safety', value: 85.0 }],
+          provenance: { source: 'iracing', lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z' },
+        },
+      ];
+
+      for (const input of inputs) {
+        const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+        expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      }
+
+      // Verify user-1 has 2 profiles
+      const user1Profiles = await repository.findByUserId('user-1');
+      expect(user1Profiles).toHaveLength(2);
+
+      // Verify iracing has 2 profiles
+      const iracingProfiles = await repository.findByGameKey('iracing');
+      expect(iracingProfiles).toHaveLength(2);
+
+      // Verify specific profile
+      const specific = await repository.findByUserIdAndGameKey('user-1', 'assetto');
+      expect(specific?.getRatingByType('safety')?.value).toBe(75.0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle concurrent updates to same profile', async () => {
+      // Initial profile
+      const input1: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [{ type: 'safety', value: 80.0 }],
+        provenance: { source: 'iracing', lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z' },
+      };
+
+      await useCase.execute(input1);
+
+      // Update 1
+      const input2: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [{ type: 'safety', value: 85.0 }],
+        provenance: { source: 'iracing', lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-02T00:00:00Z' },
+      };
+
+      await useCase.execute(input2);
+
+      // Update 2 (should overwrite)
+      const input3: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [{ type: 'safety', value: 90.0 }],
+        provenance: { source: 'iracing', lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-03T00:00:00Z' },
+      };
+
+      await useCase.execute(input3);
+
+      // Verify final state
+      const profile = await repository.findByUserIdAndGameKey('user-1', 'iracing');
+      expect(profile?.getRatingByType('safety')?.value).toBe(90.0);
+      expect(profile?.provenance.lastSyncedAt).toEqual(new Date('2024-01-03T00:00:00Z'));
+    });
+
+    it('should handle complex rating updates', async () => {
+      // Initial with 2 ratings
+      const input1: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [
+          { type: 'safety', value: 80.0 },
+          { type: 'skill', value: 75.0 },
+        ],
+        provenance: { source: 'iracing', lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z' },
+      };
+
+      await useCase.execute(input1);
+
+      // Update with different set
+      const input2: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [
+          { type: 'safety', value: 85.0 }, // Updated
+          { type: 'consistency', value: 88.0 }, // New
+          // skill removed
+        ],
+        provenance: { source: 'iracing', lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-02T00:00:00Z' },
+      };
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute(input2);
+
+      expect(result.profile.ratingCount).toBe(2);
+      expect(result.profile.ratingTypes).toEqual(['safety', 'consistency']);
+      expect(result.profile.ratingTypes).not.toContain('skill');
+
+      const profile = await repository.findByUserIdAndGameKey('user-1', 'iracing');
+      expect(profile?.ratings.size).toBe(2);
+      expect(profile?.getRatingByType('safety')?.value).toBe(85.0);
+      expect(profile?.getRatingByType('consistency')?.value).toBe(88.0);
+      expect(profile?.getRatingByType('skill')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Repository method integration', () => {
+    it('should work with repository methods directly', async () => {
+      // Create via use case
+      const input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [{ type: 'safety', value: 80.0 }],
+        provenance: { source: 'iracing', lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z' },
+      };
+
+      await useCase.execute(input);
+
+      // Test repository methods
+      const exists = await repository.exists('user-1', 'iracing');
+      expect(exists).toBe(true);
+
+      const allForUser = await repository.findByUserId('user-1');
+      expect(allForUser).toHaveLength(1);
+
+      const allForGame = await repository.findByGameKey('iracing');
+      expect(allForGame).toHaveLength(1);
+
+      // Delete
+      const deleted = await repository.delete('user-1', 'iracing');
+      expect(deleted).toBe(true);
+
+      const existsAfterDelete = await repository.exists('user-1', 'iracing');
+      expect(existsAfterDelete).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/application/use-cases/UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+import { UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase } from './UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase';
+import { IExternalGameRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IExternalGameRatingRepository';
+import { ExternalGameRatingProfile } from '../../domain/entities/ExternalGameRatingProfile';
+import { UserId } from '../../domain/value-objects/UserId';
+import { GameKey } from '../../domain/value-objects/GameKey';
+import { ExternalRating } from '../../domain/value-objects/ExternalRating';
+import { ExternalRatingProvenance } from '../../domain/value-objects/ExternalRatingProvenance';
+import { UpsertExternalGameRatingInput } from '../dtos/UpsertExternalGameRatingDto';
+
+describe('UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase', () => {
+  let useCase: UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase;
+  let mockRepository: IExternalGameRatingRepository;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockRepository = {
+      findByUserIdAndGameKey: jest.fn(),
+      findByUserId: jest.fn(),
+      findByGameKey: jest.fn(),
+      save: jest.fn(),
+      saveMany: jest.fn(),
+      delete: jest.fn(),
+      exists: jest.fn(),
+    } as any;
+
+    useCase = new UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase(mockRepository);
+  });
+
+  describe('execute', () => {
+    it('should create a new profile when it does not exist', async () => {
+      const input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [
+          { type: 'safety', value: 85.5 },
+          { type: 'skill', value: 92.0 },
+        ],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+          verified: true,
+        },
+      };
+
+      (mockRepository.findByUserIdAndGameKey as any).mockResolvedValue(null);
+      (mockRepository.save as any).mockImplementation(async (profile: any) => profile);
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.action).toBe('created');
+      expect(result.profile.userId).toBe('user-123');
+      expect(result.profile.gameKey).toBe('iracing');
+      expect(result.profile.ratingCount).toBe(2);
+      expect(result.profile.ratingTypes).toEqual(['safety', 'skill']);
+      expect(result.profile.verified).toBe(true);
+
+      expect(mockRepository.findByUserIdAndGameKey).toHaveBeenCalledWith('user-123', 'iracing');
+      expect(mockRepository.save).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should update existing profile', async () => {
+      const existingProfile = createTestProfile('user-123', 'iracing');
+      (mockRepository.findByUserIdAndGameKey as any).mockResolvedValue(existingProfile);
+      (mockRepository.save as any).mockImplementation(async (profile: any) => profile);
+
+      const input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [
+          { type: 'safety', value: 90.0 },
+          { type: 'newType', value: 88.0 },
+        ],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-02T00:00:00Z',
+          verified: false,
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.action).toBe('updated');
+      expect(result.profile.ratingCount).toBe(2);
+      expect(result.profile.ratingTypes).toEqual(['safety', 'newType']);
+      expect(result.profile.verified).toBe(false);
+
+      expect(mockRepository.findByUserIdAndGameKey).toHaveBeenCalledWith('user-123', 'iracing');
+      expect(mockRepository.save).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle validation errors - missing userId', async () => {
+      const input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: '',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [{ type: 'safety', value: 85.5 }],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('User ID is required');
+      expect(mockRepository.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle validation errors - missing gameKey', async () => {
+      const input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: '',
+        ratings: [{ type: 'safety', value: 85.5 }],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Game key is required');
+      expect(mockRepository.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle validation errors - empty ratings', async () => {
+      const input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Ratings are required');
+      expect(mockRepository.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle validation errors - invalid rating value', async () => {
+      const input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [
+          { type: 'safety', value: NaN },
+        ],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Rating value for type safety must be a valid number');
+      expect(mockRepository.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle validation errors - missing provenance source', async () => {
+      const input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [{ type: 'safety', value: 85.5 }],
+        provenance: {
+          source: '',
+          lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Provenance source is required');
+      expect(mockRepository.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle validation errors - invalid date', async () => {
+      const input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [{ type: 'safety', value: 85.5 }],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: 'invalid-date',
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Provenance lastSyncedAt must be a valid date');
+      expect(mockRepository.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle repository errors gracefully', async () => {
+      const input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [{ type: 'safety', value: 85.5 }],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        },
+      };
+
+      (mockRepository.findByUserIdAndGameKey as any).mockRejectedValue(new Error('Database connection failed'));
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.errors).toContain('Database connection failed');
+      expect(mockRepository.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should default verified to false when not provided', async () => {
+      const input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [{ type: 'safety', value: 85.5 }],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+          // verified not provided
+        },
+      };
+
+      (mockRepository.findByUserIdAndGameKey as any).mockResolvedValue(null);
+      (mockRepository.save as any).mockImplementation(async (profile: any) => profile);
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.profile.verified).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should trim rating types', async () => {
+      const input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput = {
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [
+          { type: '  safety  ', value: 85.5 },
+        ],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        },
+      };
+
+      (mockRepository.findByUserIdAndGameKey as any).mockResolvedValue(null);
+      (mockRepository.save as any).mockImplementation(async (profile: any) => profile);
+
+      const result = await useCase.execute(input);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.profile.ratingTypes).toEqual(['safety']);
+    });
+  });
+
+  function createTestProfile(userId: string, gameKey: string): ExternalGameRatingProfile {
+    const user = UserId.fromString(userId);
+    const game = GameKey.create(gameKey);
+    const ratings = new Map([
+      ['safety', ExternalRating.create(game, 'safety', 85.5)],
+    ]);
+    const provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+      source: gameKey,
+      lastSyncedAt: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+      verified: false,
+    });
+
+    return ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+      userId: user,
+      gameKey: game,
+      ratings,
+      provenance,
+    });
+  }
+});

core/identity/application/use-cases/UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+import { IExternalGameRatingRepository } from '../../domain/repositories/IExternalGameRatingRepository';
+import { ExternalGameRatingProfile } from '../../domain/entities/ExternalGameRatingProfile';
+import { UserId } from '../../domain/value-objects/UserId';
+import { GameKey } from '../../domain/value-objects/GameKey';
+import { ExternalRating } from '../../domain/value-objects/ExternalRating';
+import { ExternalRatingProvenance } from '../../domain/value-objects/ExternalRatingProvenance';
+import { UpsertExternalGameRatingInput, UpsertExternalGameRatingOutput } from '../dtos/UpsertExternalGameRatingDto';
+
+/**
+ * Use Case: UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase
+ * 
+ * Upserts external game rating profile with latest data and provenance.
+ * Follows CQRS Light: command side operation.
+ * 
+ * Store/display only, no compute.
+ * 
+ * Flow:
+ * 1. Validate input
+ * 2. Check if profile exists
+ * 3. Create or update profile with latest ratings
+ * 4. Save to repository
+ * 5. Return result
+ */
+export class UpsertExternalGameRatingUseCase {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly externalGameRatingRepository: IExternalGameRatingRepository
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput): Promise<UpsertExternalGameRatingOutput> {
+    try {
+      // 1. Validate input
+      const validationError = this.validateInput(input);
+      if (validationError) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          profile: {
+            userId: input.userId,
+            gameKey: input.gameKey,
+            ratingCount: 0,
+            ratingTypes: [],
+            source: input.provenance.source,
+            lastSyncedAt: input.provenance.lastSyncedAt,
+            verified: input.provenance.verified ?? false,
+          },
+          action: 'created',
+          errors: [validationError],
+        };
+      }
+
+      // 2. Check if profile exists
+      const existingProfile = await this.externalGameRatingRepository.findByUserIdAndGameKey(
+        input.userId,
+        input.gameKey
+      );
+
+      // 3. Create or update profile
+      let profile: ExternalGameRatingProfile;
+      let action: 'created' | 'updated';
+
+      if (existingProfile) {
+        // Update existing profile
+        const ratingsMap = this.createRatingsMap(input.ratings, input.gameKey);
+        const provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+          source: input.provenance.source,
+          lastSyncedAt: new Date(input.provenance.lastSyncedAt),
+          verified: input.provenance.verified ?? false,
+        });
+
+        existingProfile.updateRatings(ratingsMap, provenance);
+        profile = existingProfile;
+        action = 'updated';
+      } else {
+        // Create new profile
+        profile = this.createProfile(input);
+        action = 'created';
+      }
+
+      // 4. Save to repository
+      const savedProfile = await this.externalGameRatingRepository.save(profile);
+
+      // 5. Return result
+      const summary = savedProfile.toSummary();
+      return {
+        success: true,
+        profile: {
+          userId: summary.userId,
+          gameKey: summary.gameKey,
+          ratingCount: summary.ratingCount,
+          ratingTypes: summary.ratingTypes,
+          source: summary.source,
+          lastSyncedAt: summary.lastSyncedAt.toISOString(),
+          verified: summary.verified,
+        },
+        action,
+      };
+
+    } catch (error) {
+      const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error';
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        profile: {
+          userId: input.userId,
+          gameKey: input.gameKey,
+          ratingCount: 0,
+          ratingTypes: [],
+          source: input.provenance.source,
+          lastSyncedAt: input.provenance.lastSyncedAt,
+          verified: input.provenance.verified ?? false,
+        },
+        action: 'created',
+        errors: [errorMessage],
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  private validateInput(input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput): string | null {
+    if (!input.userId || input.userId.trim().length === 0) {
+      return 'User ID is required';
+    }
+
+    if (!input.gameKey || input.gameKey.trim().length === 0) {
+      return 'Game key is required';
+    }
+
+    if (!input.ratings || input.ratings.length === 0) {
+      return 'Ratings are required';
+    }
+
+    for (const rating of input.ratings) {
+      if (!rating.type || rating.type.trim().length === 0) {
+        return 'Rating type cannot be empty';
+      }
+      if (typeof rating.value !== 'number' || isNaN(rating.value)) {
+        return `Rating value for type ${rating.type} must be a valid number`;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!input.provenance.source || input.provenance.source.trim().length === 0) {
+      return 'Provenance source is required';
+    }
+
+    const syncDate = new Date(input.provenance.lastSyncedAt);
+    if (isNaN(syncDate.getTime())) {
+      return 'Provenance lastSyncedAt must be a valid date';
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private createRatingsMap(
+    ratingsData: Array<{ type: string; value: number }>,
+    gameKeyString: string
+  ): Map<string, ExternalRating> {
+    const gameKey = GameKey.create(gameKeyString);
+    const ratingsMap = new Map<string, ExternalRating>();
+
+    for (const ratingData of ratingsData) {
+      const rating = ExternalRating.create(
+        gameKey,
+        ratingData.type.trim(),
+        ratingData.value
+      );
+      ratingsMap.set(ratingData.type.trim(), rating);
+    }
+
+    return ratingsMap;
+  }
+
+  private createProfile(input: UpsertExternalGameRatingInput): ExternalGameRatingProfile {
+    const userId = UserId.fromString(input.userId);
+    const gameKey = GameKey.create(input.gameKey);
+    const ratingsMap = this.createRatingsMap(input.ratings, input.gameKey);
+    const provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+      source: input.provenance.source,
+      lastSyncedAt: new Date(input.provenance.lastSyncedAt),
+      verified: input.provenance.verified ?? false,
+    });
+
+    return ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+      userId,
+      gameKey,
+      ratings: ratingsMap,
+      provenance,
+    });
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/entities/AdminVoteSession.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+import { AdminVoteSession } from './AdminVoteSession';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError, IdentityDomainInvariantError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+describe('AdminVoteSession', () => {
+  const now = new Date('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+  const tomorrow = new Date('2025-01-02T00:00:00Z');
+  const dayAfter = new Date('2025-01-03T00:00:00Z');
+
+  describe('create', () => {
+    it('should create a valid vote session', () => {
+      const session = AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1', 'user-2', 'user-3'],
+      });
+
+      expect(session.id).toBe('vote-123');
+      expect(session.leagueId).toBe('league-456');
+      expect(session.adminId).toBe('admin-789');
+      expect(session.startDate).toEqual(now);
+      expect(session.endDate).toEqual(tomorrow);
+      expect(session.eligibleVoters).toEqual(['user-1', 'user-2', 'user-3']);
+      expect(session.votes).toEqual([]);
+      expect(session.closed).toBe(false);
+      expect(session.outcome).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for missing voteSessionId', () => {
+      expect(() => AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: '',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      })).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for missing leagueId', () => {
+      expect(() => AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: '',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      })).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for missing adminId', () => {
+      expect(() => AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: '',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      })).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for invalid date range', () => {
+      expect(() => AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: tomorrow,
+        endDate: now, // End before start
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      })).toThrow(IdentityDomainInvariantError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for empty eligible voters', () => {
+      expect(() => AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: [],
+      })).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for duplicate eligible voters', () => {
+      expect(() => AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1', 'user-2', 'user-1'],
+      })).toThrow(IdentityDomainInvariantError);
+    });
+
+    it('should accept optional votes and outcome', () => {
+      const session = AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1', 'user-2'],
+        votes: [
+          { voterId: 'user-1', positive: true, votedAt: now },
+        ],
+        closed: true,
+        outcome: {
+          percentPositive: 100,
+          count: { positive: 1, negative: 0, total: 1 },
+          eligibleVoterCount: 2,
+          participationRate: 50,
+          outcome: 'positive',
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(session.votes.length).toBe(1);
+      expect(session.closed).toBe(true);
+      expect(session.outcome).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('rehydrate', () => {
+    it('should rehydrate from persisted data', () => {
+      const session = AdminVoteSession.rehydrate({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1', 'user-2'],
+        votes: [{ voterId: 'user-1', positive: true, votedAt: now }],
+        closed: true,
+        outcome: {
+          percentPositive: 100,
+          count: { positive: 1, negative: 0, total: 1 },
+          eligibleVoterCount: 2,
+          participationRate: 50,
+          outcome: 'positive',
+        },
+        createdAt: now,
+        updatedAt: tomorrow,
+      });
+
+      expect(session.id).toBe('vote-123');
+      expect(session.closed).toBe(true);
+      expect(session.votes.length).toBe(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('castVote', () => {
+    let session: AdminVoteSession;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      session = AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1', 'user-2', 'user-3'],
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should allow eligible voter to cast positive vote', () => {
+      session.castVote('user-1', true, now);
+
+      expect(session.votes.length).toBe(1);
+      const vote = session.votes[0];
+      expect(vote).toBeDefined();
+      expect(vote!.voterId).toBe('user-1');
+      expect(vote!.positive).toBe(true);
+      expect(vote!.votedAt).toEqual(now);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow eligible voter to cast negative vote', () => {
+      session.castVote('user-1', false, now);
+
+      expect(session.votes.length).toBe(1);
+      const vote = session.votes[0];
+      expect(vote).toBeDefined();
+      expect(vote!.positive).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error if voter is not eligible', () => {
+      expect(() => session.castVote('user-999', true, now))
+        .toThrow(IdentityDomainInvariantError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error if voter already voted', () => {
+      session.castVote('user-1', true, now);
+      
+      expect(() => session.castVote('user-1', false, now))
+        .toThrow(IdentityDomainInvariantError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error if session is closed', () => {
+      session.close();
+      
+      expect(() => session.castVote('user-1', true, now))
+        .toThrow(IdentityDomainInvariantError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error if vote is outside voting window', () => {
+      const beforeStart = new Date('2024-12-31T23:59:59Z');
+      const afterEnd = new Date('2025-01-02T00:00:01Z');
+
+      expect(() => session.castVote('user-1', true, beforeStart))
+        .toThrow(IdentityDomainInvariantError);
+      expect(() => session.castVote('user-1', true, afterEnd))
+        .toThrow(IdentityDomainInvariantError);
+    });
+
+    it('should update updatedAt timestamp', () => {
+      const originalUpdatedAt = session.updatedAt;
+      const voteTime = new Date(now.getTime() + 1000);
+      
+      session.castVote('user-1', true, voteTime);
+      
+      expect(session.updatedAt).not.toEqual(originalUpdatedAt);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('close', () => {
+    let session: AdminVoteSession;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      session = AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1', 'user-2', 'user-3', 'user-4'],
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should close session and calculate positive outcome', () => {
+      session.castVote('user-1', true, now);
+      session.castVote('user-2', true, now);
+      session.castVote('user-3', false, now);
+
+      const outcome = session.close();
+
+      expect(session.closed).toBe(true);
+      expect(outcome).toEqual({
+        percentPositive: 66.67,
+        count: { positive: 2, negative: 1, total: 3 },
+        eligibleVoterCount: 4,
+        participationRate: 75,
+        outcome: 'positive',
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate negative outcome', () => {
+      session.castVote('user-1', false, now);
+      session.castVote('user-2', false, now);
+      session.castVote('user-3', true, now);
+
+      const outcome = session.close();
+
+      expect(outcome.outcome).toBe('negative');
+      expect(outcome.percentPositive).toBe(33.33);
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate tie outcome', () => {
+      session.castVote('user-1', true, now);
+      session.castVote('user-2', false, now);
+
+      const outcome = session.close();
+
+      expect(outcome.outcome).toBe('tie');
+      expect(outcome.percentPositive).toBe(50);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle no votes', () => {
+      const outcome = session.close();
+
+      expect(outcome).toEqual({
+        percentPositive: 0,
+        count: { positive: 0, negative: 0, total: 0 },
+        eligibleVoterCount: 4,
+        participationRate: 0,
+        outcome: 'tie',
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error if already closed', () => {
+      session.close();
+      
+      expect(() => session.close()).toThrow(IdentityDomainInvariantError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error if closed outside voting window', () => {
+      const pastSession = AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+        endDate: new Date('2024-01-02'),
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      });
+
+      expect(() => pastSession.close()).toThrow(IdentityDomainInvariantError);
+    });
+
+    it('should round percentPositive to 2 decimal places', () => {
+      session.castVote('user-1', true, now);
+      session.castVote('user-2', true, now);
+      session.castVote('user-3', true, now);
+      session.castVote('user-4', false, now);
+
+      const outcome = session.close();
+
+      expect(outcome.percentPositive).toBe(75.00);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('helper methods', () => {
+    let session: AdminVoteSession;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      session = AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1', 'user-2'],
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('hasVoted', () => {
+      it('should return true if voter has voted', () => {
+        session.castVote('user-1', true, now);
+        expect(session.hasVoted('user-1')).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should return false if voter has not voted', () => {
+        expect(session.hasVoted('user-1')).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('getVote', () => {
+      it('should return vote if exists', () => {
+        session.castVote('user-1', true, now);
+        const vote = session.getVote('user-1');
+        
+        expect(vote).toBeDefined();
+        expect(vote?.voterId).toBe('user-1');
+        expect(vote?.positive).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should return undefined if vote does not exist', () => {
+        expect(session.getVote('user-1')).toBeUndefined();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('getVoteCount', () => {
+      it('should return correct count', () => {
+        expect(session.getVoteCount()).toBe(0);
+        
+        session.castVote('user-1', true, now);
+        expect(session.getVoteCount()).toBe(1);
+        
+        session.castVote('user-2', false, now);
+        expect(session.getVoteCount()).toBe(2);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('isVotingWindowOpen', () => {
+      it('should return true during voting window', () => {
+        expect(session.isVotingWindowOpen(now)).toBe(true);
+        
+        const midPoint = new Date((now.getTime() + tomorrow.getTime()) / 2);
+        expect(session.isVotingWindowOpen(midPoint)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should return false before voting window', () => {
+        const before = new Date('2024-12-31T23:59:59Z');
+        expect(session.isVotingWindowOpen(before)).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it('should return false after voting window', () => {
+        const after = new Date('2025-01-02T00:00:01Z');
+        expect(session.isVotingWindowOpen(after)).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it('should return false if session is closed', () => {
+        session.close();
+        expect(session.isVotingWindowOpen(now)).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toJSON', () => {
+    it('should serialize to JSON correctly', () => {
+      const session = AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1', 'user-2'],
+      });
+
+      session.castVote('user-1', true, now);
+      session.close();
+
+      const json = session.toJSON();
+
+      expect(json.voteSessionId).toBe('vote-123');
+      expect(json.leagueId).toBe('league-456');
+      expect(json.adminId).toBe('admin-789');
+      expect(json.closed).toBe(true);
+      expect(json.votes).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(json.outcome).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for same ID', () => {
+      const session1 = AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      });
+
+      const session2 = AdminVoteSession.rehydrate({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-789', // Different
+        adminId: 'admin-999', // Different
+        startDate: tomorrow, // Different
+        endDate: dayAfter, // Different
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-999'], // Different
+      });
+
+      expect(session1.equals(session2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different IDs', () => {
+      const session1 = AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-123',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      });
+
+      const session2 = AdminVoteSession.create({
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-456',
+        leagueId: 'league-456',
+        adminId: 'admin-789',
+        startDate: now,
+        endDate: tomorrow,
+        eligibleVoters: ['user-1'],
+      });
+
+      expect(session1.equals(session2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/entities/AdminVoteSession.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+import type { IEntity } from '@core/shared/domain';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError, IdentityDomainInvariantError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+export interface AdminVote {
+  voterId: string;
+  positive: boolean;
+  votedAt: Date;
+}
+
+export interface AdminVoteOutcome {
+  percentPositive: number;
+  count: {
+    positive: number;
+    negative: number;
+    total: number;
+  };
+  eligibleVoterCount: number;
+  participationRate: number;
+  outcome: 'positive' | 'negative' | 'tie';
+}
+
+export interface AdminVoteSessionProps {
+  voteSessionId: string;
+  leagueId: string;
+  adminId: string;
+  startDate: Date;
+  endDate: Date;
+  eligibleVoters: string[]; // User IDs
+  votes?: AdminVote[];
+  closed?: boolean;
+  outcome?: AdminVoteOutcome;
+  createdAt?: Date;
+  updatedAt?: Date;
+}
+
+/**
+ * AdminVoteSession Entity
+ * 
+ * Aggregate root for admin vote sessions scoped to a league.
+ * Controls who can vote, deduplication, time windows, and closure.
+ * Emits outcome events that convert to rating ledger events.
+ * 
+ * Based on ratings-architecture-concept.md sections 5.2.1 and 7.1.1
+ */
+export class AdminVoteSession implements IEntity<string> {
+  readonly id: string;
+  readonly leagueId: string;
+  readonly adminId: string;
+  readonly startDate: Date;
+  readonly endDate: Date;
+  readonly eligibleVoters: string[];
+  private _votes: AdminVote[];
+  private _closed: boolean;
+  private _outcome: AdminVoteOutcome | undefined;
+  readonly createdAt: Date;
+  private _updatedAt: Date;
+
+  private constructor(props: AdminVoteSessionProps) {
+    this.id = props.voteSessionId;
+    this.leagueId = props.leagueId;
+    this.adminId = props.adminId;
+    this.startDate = props.startDate;
+    this.endDate = props.endDate;
+    this.eligibleVoters = props.eligibleVoters;
+    this._votes = props.votes || [];
+    this._closed = props.closed || false;
+    this._outcome = props.outcome;
+    this.createdAt = props.createdAt || new Date();
+    this._updatedAt = props.updatedAt || new Date();
+  }
+
+  static create(props: AdminVoteSessionProps): AdminVoteSession {
+    // Validate required fields
+    if (!props.voteSessionId || props.voteSessionId.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('voteSessionId is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!props.leagueId || props.leagueId.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('leagueId is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!props.adminId || props.adminId.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('adminId is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!props.startDate || !props.endDate) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('startDate and endDate are required');
+    }
+
+    if (props.startDate >= props.endDate) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainInvariantError('startDate must be before endDate');
+    }
+
+    if (!props.eligibleVoters || props.eligibleVoters.length === 0) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('At least one eligible voter is required');
+    }
+
+    // Validate no duplicate eligible voters
+    const uniqueVoters = new Set(props.eligibleVoters);
+    if (uniqueVoters.size !== props.eligibleVoters.length) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainInvariantError('Duplicate eligible voters are not allowed');
+    }
+
+    // Validate votes if provided
+    if (props.votes) {
+      const voterIds = new Set<string>();
+      for (const vote of props.votes) {
+        if (!vote.voterId || vote.voterId.trim().length === 0) {
+          throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('Vote voterId is required');
+        }
+        if (!props.eligibleVoters.includes(vote.voterId)) {
+          throw new IdentityDomainInvariantError(`Voter ${vote.voterId} is not eligible`);
+        }
+        if (voterIds.has(vote.voterId)) {
+          throw new IdentityDomainInvariantError(`Duplicate vote from voter ${vote.voterId}`);
+        }
+        if (!vote.votedAt) {
+          throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('Vote timestamp is required');
+        }
+        voterIds.add(vote.voterId);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Validate outcome if provided
+    if (props.outcome) {
+      if (props.outcome.percentPositive < 0 || props.outcome.percentPositive > 100) {
+        throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('percentPositive must be between 0 and 100');
+      }
+      if (props.outcome.eligibleVoterCount !== props.eligibleVoters.length) {
+        throw new IdentityDomainInvariantError('eligibleVoterCount must match eligibleVoters length');
+      }
+    }
+
+    return new AdminVoteSession(props);
+  }
+
+  static rehydrate(props: AdminVoteSessionProps): AdminVoteSession {
+    // Rehydration assumes data is already validated (from persistence)
+    return new AdminVoteSession(props);
+  }
+
+  // Getters
+  get votes(): AdminVote[] {
+    return [...this._votes];
+  }
+
+  get closed(): boolean {
+    return this._closed;
+  }
+
+  get outcome(): AdminVoteOutcome | undefined {
+    return this._outcome;
+  }
+
+  get updatedAt(): Date {
+    return this._updatedAt;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cast a vote in this session
+   * @param voterId - The user ID of the voter
+   * @param positive - Whether the vote is positive (true) or negative (false)
+   * @param votedAt - When the vote was cast (optional, defaults to now)
+   * @throws Error if session is closed, voter is not eligible, or already voted
+   */
+  castVote(voterId: string, positive: boolean, votedAt: Date = new Date()): void {
+    if (this._closed) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainInvariantError('Cannot cast vote: session is closed');
+    }
+
+    if (!this.eligibleVoters.includes(voterId)) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainInvariantError(`Voter ${voterId} is not eligible for this session`);
+    }
+
+    if (this._votes.some(v => v.voterId === voterId)) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainInvariantError(`Voter ${voterId} has already voted`);
+    }
+
+    if (votedAt < this.startDate || votedAt > this.endDate) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainInvariantError('Vote timestamp is outside the voting window');
+    }
+
+    this._votes.push({
+      voterId,
+      positive,
+      votedAt,
+    });
+
+    this._updatedAt = new Date();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close the vote session and calculate outcome
+   * @throws Error if session is already closed
+   * @returns The calculated outcome
+   */
+  close(): AdminVoteOutcome {
+    if (this._closed) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainInvariantError('Session is already closed');
+    }
+
+    const now = new Date();
+    if (now < this.startDate || now > this.endDate) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainInvariantError('Cannot close session outside the voting window');
+    }
+
+    const positiveVotes = this._votes.filter(v => v.positive).length;
+    const negativeVotes = this._votes.filter(v => !v.positive).length;
+    const totalVotes = this._votes.length;
+    const eligibleVoterCount = this.eligibleVoters.length;
+
+    const percentPositive = totalVotes > 0 ? (positiveVotes / totalVotes) * 100 : 0;
+    const participationRate = (totalVotes / eligibleVoterCount) * 100;
+
+    let outcome: 'positive' | 'negative' | 'tie';
+    if (totalVotes === 0) {
+      outcome = 'tie';
+    } else if (positiveVotes > negativeVotes) {
+      outcome = 'positive';
+    } else if (negativeVotes > positiveVotes) {
+      outcome = 'negative';
+    } else {
+      outcome = 'tie';
+    }
+
+    this._outcome = {
+      percentPositive: Math.round(percentPositive * 100) / 100, // Round to 2 decimal places
+      count: {
+        positive: positiveVotes,
+        negative: negativeVotes,
+        total: totalVotes,
+      },
+      eligibleVoterCount,
+      participationRate: Math.round(participationRate * 100) / 100,
+      outcome,
+    };
+
+    this._closed = true;
+    this._updatedAt = now;
+
+    return this._outcome;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if a voter has already voted
+   */
+  hasVoted(voterId: string): boolean {
+    return this._votes.some(v => v.voterId === voterId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get vote by voter ID
+   */
+  getVote(voterId: string): AdminVote | undefined {
+    return this._votes.find(v => v.voterId === voterId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get count of votes cast
+   */
+  getVoteCount(): number {
+    return this._votes.length;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if session is within voting window
+   */
+  isVotingWindowOpen(now: Date = new Date()): boolean {
+    return now >= this.startDate && now <= this.endDate && !this._closed;
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IEntity<string>): boolean {
+    return this.id === other.id;
+  }
+
+  toJSON(): Record<string, unknown> {
+    return {
+      voteSessionId: this.id,
+      leagueId: this.leagueId,
+      adminId: this.adminId,
+      startDate: this.startDate.toISOString(),
+      endDate: this.endDate.toISOString(),
+      eligibleVoters: this.eligibleVoters,
+      votes: this._votes.map(v => ({
+        voterId: v.voterId,
+        positive: v.positive,
+        votedAt: v.votedAt.toISOString(),
+      })),
+      closed: this._closed,
+      outcome: this._outcome,
+      createdAt: this.createdAt.toISOString(),
+      updatedAt: this._updatedAt.toISOString(),
+    };
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/entities/ExternalGameRatingProfile.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+import { ExternalGameRatingProfile } from './ExternalGameRatingProfile';
+import { UserId } from '../value-objects/UserId';
+import { GameKey } from '../value-objects/GameKey';
+import { ExternalRating } from '../value-objects/ExternalRating';
+import { ExternalRatingProvenance } from '../value-objects/ExternalRatingProvenance';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+describe('ExternalGameRatingProfile', () => {
+  let userId: UserId;
+  let gameKey: GameKey;
+  let ratings: Map<string, ExternalRating>;
+  let provenance: ExternalRatingProvenance;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    userId = UserId.fromString('user-123');
+    gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+    ratings = new Map([
+      ['safety', ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'safety', 85.5)],
+      ['skill', ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'skill', 92.0)],
+    ]);
+    provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+      source: 'iracing',
+      lastSyncedAt: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+      verified: true,
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('create', () => {
+    it('should create a valid profile', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      expect(profile.userId).toBe(userId);
+      expect(profile.gameKey).toBe(gameKey);
+      expect(profile.ratings.size).toBe(2);
+      expect(profile.provenance).toBe(provenance);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow empty ratings map', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings: new Map(),
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      expect(profile.hasRatings()).toBe(false);
+      expect(profile.ratings.size).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error if rating gameKey does not match profile gameKey', () => {
+      const wrongGameKey = GameKey.create('assetto');
+      const wrongRatings = new Map([
+        ['safety', ExternalRating.create(wrongGameKey, 'safety', 85.5)],
+      ]);
+
+      expect(() =>
+        ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+          userId,
+          gameKey,
+          ratings: wrongRatings,
+          provenance,
+        })
+      ).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('restore', () => {
+    it('should restore profile from stored data', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.restore({
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [
+          { type: 'safety', gameKey: 'iracing', value: 85.5 },
+          { type: 'skill', gameKey: 'iracing', value: 92.0 },
+        ],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+          verified: true,
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(profile.userId.toString()).toBe('user-123');
+      expect(profile.gameKey.toString()).toBe('iracing');
+      expect(profile.ratings.size).toBe(2);
+      expect(profile.provenance.source).toBe('iracing');
+      expect(profile.provenance.verified).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle missing verified flag in provenance', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.restore({
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        gameKey: 'iracing',
+        ratings: [
+          { type: 'safety', gameKey: 'iracing', value: 85.5 },
+        ],
+        provenance: {
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(profile.provenance.verified).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getRatingByType', () => {
+    it('should return rating for existing type', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      const rating = profile.getRatingByType('safety');
+      expect(rating).toBeDefined();
+      expect(rating?.type).toBe('safety');
+      expect(rating?.value).toBe(85.5);
+    });
+
+    it('should return undefined for non-existing type', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      const rating = profile.getRatingByType('nonexistent');
+      expect(rating).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getRatingTypes', () => {
+    it('should return all rating types', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      const types = profile.getRatingTypes();
+      expect(types).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(types).toContain('safety');
+      expect(types).toContain('skill');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('hasRatings', () => {
+    it('should return true when has ratings', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      expect(profile.hasRatings()).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when no ratings', () => {
+      const emptyRatings = new Map<string, ExternalRating>();
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings: emptyRatings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      expect(profile.hasRatings()).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('updateRatings', () => {
+    it('should update ratings and provenance', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      const newRatings = new Map([
+        ['safety', ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'safety', 90.0)],
+        ['newType', ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'newType', 88.0)],
+      ]);
+      const newProvenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: new Date('2024-01-02'),
+        verified: false,
+      });
+
+      profile.updateRatings(newRatings, newProvenance);
+
+      expect(profile.ratings.size).toBe(2);
+      expect(profile.getRatingByType('safety')?.value).toBe(90.0);
+      expect(profile.getRatingByType('newType')?.value).toBe(88.0);
+      expect(profile.provenance.lastSyncedAt).toEqual(new Date('2024-01-02'));
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error when updating with mismatched gameKey', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      const wrongGameKey = GameKey.create('assetto');
+      const wrongRatings = new Map([
+        ['safety', ExternalRating.create(wrongGameKey, 'safety', 90.0)],
+      ]);
+
+      expect(() =>
+        profile.updateRatings(
+          wrongRatings,
+          ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+            source: 'iracing',
+            lastSyncedAt: new Date(),
+          })
+        )
+      ).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('markVerified', () => {
+    it('should mark provenance as verified', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance: ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: new Date(),
+          verified: false,
+        }),
+      });
+
+      profile.markVerified();
+
+      expect(profile.provenance.verified).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('updateLastSyncedAt', () => {
+    it('should update last synced timestamp', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      const newDate = new Date('2024-01-03');
+      profile.updateLastSyncedAt(newDate);
+
+      expect(profile.provenance.lastSyncedAt).toEqual(newDate);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toSummary', () => {
+    it('should return summary object', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      const summary = profile.toSummary();
+
+      expect(summary.userId).toBe('user-123');
+      expect(summary.gameKey).toBe('iracing');
+      expect(summary.ratingCount).toBe(2);
+      expect(summary.ratingTypes).toEqual(['safety', 'skill']);
+      expect(summary.source).toBe('iracing');
+      expect(summary.verified).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toJSON', () => {
+    it('should serialize to JSON format', () => {
+      const profile = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      const json = profile.toJSON();
+
+      expect(json.userId).toBe('user-123');
+      expect(json.gameKey).toBe('iracing');
+      expect(json.ratings).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(json.provenance.source).toBe('iracing');
+      expect(json.provenance.verified).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for identical profiles', () => {
+      const profile1 = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      const profile2 = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      expect(profile1.equals(profile2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different userId', () => {
+      const profile1 = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      const profile2 = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId: UserId.fromString('user-456'),
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      expect(profile1.equals(profile2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different gameKey', () => {
+      const profile1 = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      const differentGameKey = GameKey.create('assetto');
+      const differentRatings = new Map([
+        ['safety', ExternalRating.create(differentGameKey, 'safety', 85.5)],
+      ]);
+      
+      const profile2 = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey: differentGameKey,
+        ratings: differentRatings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      expect(profile1.equals(profile2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different ratings', () => {
+      const profile1 = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      const differentRatings = new Map([
+        ['safety', ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'safety', 99.0)],
+      ]);
+      const profile2 = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings: differentRatings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      expect(profile1.equals(profile2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different provenance', () => {
+      const profile1 = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance,
+      });
+
+      const differentProvenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'different',
+        lastSyncedAt: new Date(),
+      });
+      const profile2 = ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+        userId,
+        gameKey,
+        ratings,
+        provenance: differentProvenance,
+      });
+
+      expect(profile1.equals(profile2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/entities/ExternalGameRatingProfile.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+import { Entity } from '@core/shared/domain';
+import { UserId } from '../value-objects/UserId';
+import { GameKey } from '../value-objects/GameKey';
+import { ExternalRating } from '../value-objects/ExternalRating';
+import { ExternalRatingProvenance } from '../value-objects/ExternalRatingProvenance';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+export interface ExternalGameRatingProfileProps {
+  userId: UserId;
+  gameKey: GameKey;
+  ratings: Map<string, ExternalRating>; // type -> rating
+  provenance: ExternalRatingProvenance;
+}
+
+export class ExternalGameRatingProfile extends Entity<UserId> {
+  private readonly _userId: UserId;
+  private readonly _gameKey: GameKey;
+  private _ratings: Map<string, ExternalRating>;
+  private _provenance: ExternalRatingProvenance;
+
+  private constructor(props: ExternalGameRatingProfileProps) {
+    super(props.userId);
+    this._userId = props.userId;
+    this._gameKey = props.gameKey;
+    this._ratings = props.ratings;
+    this._provenance = props.provenance;
+  }
+
+  static create(props: ExternalGameRatingProfileProps): ExternalGameRatingProfile {
+    if (!props.userId || !props.gameKey || !props.ratings || !props.provenance) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('All properties are required');
+    }
+
+    // Note: Empty ratings map is allowed for initial creation
+    // The entity can be created with no ratings and updated later
+
+    // Validate that all ratings match the gameKey
+    for (const [type, rating] of props.ratings.entries()) {
+      if (!rating.gameKey.equals(props.gameKey)) {
+        throw new IdentityDomainValidationError(
+          `Rating type ${type} has mismatched gameKey`
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    return new ExternalGameRatingProfile(props);
+  }
+
+  static restore(props: {
+    userId: string;
+    gameKey: string;
+    ratings: Array<{ type: string; gameKey: string; value: number }>;
+    provenance: {
+      source: string;
+      lastSyncedAt: Date;
+      verified?: boolean;
+    };
+  }): ExternalGameRatingProfile {
+    const userId = UserId.fromString(props.userId);
+    const gameKey = GameKey.create(props.gameKey);
+    
+    const ratingsMap = new Map<string, ExternalRating>();
+    for (const ratingData of props.ratings) {
+      const ratingGameKey = GameKey.create(ratingData.gameKey);
+      const rating = ExternalRating.create(ratingGameKey, ratingData.type, ratingData.value);
+      ratingsMap.set(ratingData.type, rating);
+    }
+
+    const provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.restore(props.provenance);
+
+    return new ExternalGameRatingProfile({
+      userId,
+      gameKey,
+      ratings: ratingsMap,
+      provenance,
+    });
+  }
+
+  get userId(): UserId {
+    return this._userId;
+  }
+
+  get gameKey(): GameKey {
+    return this._gameKey;
+  }
+
+  get ratings(): ReadonlyMap<string, ExternalRating> {
+    return new Map(this._ratings);
+  }
+
+  get provenance(): ExternalRatingProvenance {
+    return this._provenance;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update ratings and provenance with latest data
+   */
+  updateRatings(
+    newRatings: Map<string, ExternalRating>,
+    newProvenance: ExternalRatingProvenance
+  ): void {
+    // Validate all new ratings match the gameKey
+    for (const [type, rating] of newRatings.entries()) {
+      if (!rating.gameKey.equals(this._gameKey)) {
+        throw new IdentityDomainValidationError(
+          `Rating type ${type} has mismatched gameKey`
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    this._ratings = newRatings;
+    this._provenance = newProvenance;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a specific rating by type
+   */
+  getRatingByType(type: string): ExternalRating | undefined {
+    return this._ratings.get(type);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get all rating types
+   */
+  getRatingTypes(): string[] {
+    return Array.from(this._ratings.keys());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if profile has any ratings
+   */
+  hasRatings(): boolean {
+    return this._ratings.size > 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Mark provenance as verified
+   */
+  markVerified(): void {
+    this._provenance = this._provenance.markVerified();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update last synced timestamp
+   */
+  updateLastSyncedAt(date: Date): void {
+    this._provenance = this._provenance.updateLastSyncedAt(date);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get summary for display
+   */
+  toSummary(): {
+    userId: string;
+    gameKey: string;
+    ratingCount: number;
+    ratingTypes: string[];
+    source: string;
+    lastSyncedAt: Date;
+    verified: boolean;
+  } {
+    return {
+      userId: this._userId.toString(),
+      gameKey: this._gameKey.toString(),
+      ratingCount: this._ratings.size,
+      ratingTypes: this.getRatingTypes(),
+      source: this._provenance.source,
+      lastSyncedAt: this._provenance.lastSyncedAt,
+      verified: this._provenance.verified,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serialize for storage
+   */
+  toJSON(): {
+    userId: string;
+    gameKey: string;
+    ratings: Array<{ type: string; gameKey: string; value: number }>;
+    provenance: {
+      source: string;
+      lastSyncedAt: Date;
+      verified: boolean;
+    };
+  } {
+    return {
+      userId: this._userId.toString(),
+      gameKey: this._gameKey.toString(),
+      ratings: Array.from(this._ratings.entries()).map(([type, rating]) => ({
+        type,
+        gameKey: rating.gameKey.toString(),
+        value: rating.value,
+      })),
+      provenance: {
+        source: this._provenance.source,
+        lastSyncedAt: this._provenance.lastSyncedAt,
+        verified: this._provenance.verified,
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: ExternalGameRatingProfile): boolean {
+    if (!(other instanceof ExternalGameRatingProfile)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!this._userId.equals(other._userId)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!this._gameKey.equals(other._gameKey)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!this._provenance.equals(other._provenance)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Compare ratings maps
+    if (this._ratings.size !== other._ratings.size) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    for (const [type, rating] of this._ratings.entries()) {
+      const otherRating = other._ratings.get(type);
+      if (!otherRating || !rating.equals(otherRating)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/entities/RatingEvent.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+import { RatingEvent } from './RatingEvent';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../value-objects/RatingDelta';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError, IdentityDomainInvariantError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+describe('RatingEvent', () => {
+  const validProps = {
+    id: RatingEventId.create('123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000'),
+    userId: 'user-123',
+    dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+    delta: RatingDelta.create(10),
+    occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z'),
+    createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z'),
+    source: {
+      type: 'race' as const,
+      id: 'race-456',
+    },
+    reason: {
+      code: 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN',
+      summary: 'Finished 3rd in strong field',
+      details: { position: 3, fieldStrength: 2500 },
+    },
+    visibility: {
+      public: true,
+      redactedFields: [] as string[],
+    },
+    version: 1,
+  };
+
+  describe('create', () => {
+    it('should create a valid rating event', () => {
+      const event = RatingEvent.create(validProps);
+      
+      expect(event.id.value).toBe(validProps.id.value);
+      expect(event.userId).toBe(validProps.userId);
+      expect(event.dimension.value).toBe('driving');
+      expect(event.delta.value).toBe(10);
+      expect(event.occurredAt).toEqual(validProps.occurredAt);
+      expect(event.source.type).toBe('race');
+      expect(event.reason.code).toBe('DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN');
+      expect(event.visibility.public).toBe(true);
+      expect(event.version).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should create event with optional weight', () => {
+      const props = { ...validProps, weight: 2 };
+      const event = RatingEvent.create(props);
+      
+      expect(event.weight).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should create event with non-public visibility', () => {
+      const props = {
+        ...validProps,
+        visibility: { public: false, redactedFields: ['reason.summary'] },
+      };
+      const event = RatingEvent.create(props);
+      
+      expect(event.visibility.public).toBe(false);
+      expect(event.visibility.redactedFields).toEqual(['reason.summary']);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for missing userId', () => {
+      const props = { ...validProps, userId: '' };
+      expect(() => RatingEvent.create(props)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for missing dimension', () => {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
+      const { dimension: _dimension, ...rest } = validProps;
+      expect(() => RatingEvent.create(rest as typeof validProps)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for missing delta', () => {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
+      const { delta: _delta, ...rest } = validProps;
+      expect(() => RatingEvent.create(rest as typeof validProps)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for missing source', () => {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
+      const { source: _source, ...rest } = validProps;
+      expect(() => RatingEvent.create(rest as typeof validProps)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for missing reason', () => {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
+      const { reason: _reason, ...rest } = validProps;
+      expect(() => RatingEvent.create(rest as typeof validProps)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for missing visibility', () => {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
+      const { visibility: _visibility, ...rest } = validProps;
+      expect(() => RatingEvent.create(rest as typeof validProps)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for invalid version', () => {
+      const props = { ...validProps, version: 0 };
+      expect(() => RatingEvent.create(props)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for future occurredAt', () => {
+      const futureDate = new Date(Date.now() + 86400000);
+      const props = { ...validProps, occurredAt: futureDate };
+      expect(() => RatingEvent.create(props)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for future createdAt', () => {
+      const futureDate = new Date(Date.now() + 86400000);
+      const props = { ...validProps, createdAt: futureDate };
+      expect(() => RatingEvent.create(props)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for occurredAt after createdAt', () => {
+      const props = {
+        ...validProps,
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-02T00:00:00Z'),
+        createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z'),
+      };
+      expect(() => RatingEvent.create(props)).toThrow(IdentityDomainInvariantError);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('rehydrate', () => {
+    it('should rehydrate event from stored data', () => {
+      const event = RatingEvent.rehydrate(validProps);
+      
+      expect(event.id.value).toBe(validProps.id.value);
+      expect(event.userId).toBe(validProps.userId);
+      expect(event.dimension.value).toBe('driving');
+    });
+
+    it('should rehydrate with optional weight', () => {
+      const props = { ...validProps, weight: 2 };
+      const event = RatingEvent.rehydrate(props);
+      
+      expect(event.weight).toBe(2);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for same ID', () => {
+      const event1 = RatingEvent.create(validProps);
+      const event2 = RatingEvent.rehydrate(validProps);
+      
+      expect(event1.equals(event2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different IDs', () => {
+      const event1 = RatingEvent.create(validProps);
+      const event2 = RatingEvent.create({
+        ...validProps,
+        id: RatingEventId.create('123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174001'),
+      });
+      
+      expect(event1.equals(event2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toJSON', () => {
+    it('should return plain object representation', () => {
+      const event = RatingEvent.create(validProps);
+      const json = event.toJSON();
+      
+      expect(json.id).toBe(validProps.id.value);
+      expect(json.userId).toBe(validProps.userId);
+      expect(json.dimension).toBe('driving');
+      expect(json.delta).toBe(10);
+      expect(json.source).toEqual({ type: 'race', id: 'race-456' });
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/entities/RatingEvent.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import type { IEntity } from '@core/shared/domain';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../value-objects/RatingDelta';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError, IdentityDomainInvariantError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+export interface RatingEventSource {
+  type: 'race' | 'penalty' | 'vote' | 'adminAction' | 'manualAdjustment';
+  id: string;
+}
+
+export interface RatingEventReason {
+  code: string;
+  summary: string;
+  details: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+export interface RatingEventVisibility {
+  public: boolean;
+  redactedFields: string[];
+}
+
+export interface RatingEventProps {
+  id: RatingEventId;
+  userId: string;
+  dimension: RatingDimensionKey;
+  delta: RatingDelta;
+  weight?: number;
+  occurredAt: Date;
+  createdAt: Date;
+  source: RatingEventSource;
+  reason: RatingEventReason;
+  visibility: RatingEventVisibility;
+  version: number;
+}
+
+export class RatingEvent implements IEntity<RatingEventId> {
+  readonly id: RatingEventId;
+  readonly userId: string;
+  readonly dimension: RatingDimensionKey;
+  readonly delta: RatingDelta;
+  readonly weight: number | undefined;
+  readonly occurredAt: Date;
+  readonly createdAt: Date;
+  readonly source: RatingEventSource;
+  readonly reason: RatingEventReason;
+  readonly visibility: RatingEventVisibility;
+  readonly version: number;
+
+  private constructor(props: RatingEventProps) {
+    this.id = props.id;
+    this.userId = props.userId;
+    this.dimension = props.dimension;
+    this.delta = props.delta;
+    this.weight = props.weight;
+    this.occurredAt = props.occurredAt;
+    this.createdAt = props.createdAt;
+    this.source = props.source;
+    this.reason = props.reason;
+    this.visibility = props.visibility;
+    this.version = props.version;
+  }
+
+  static create(props: RatingEventProps): RatingEvent {
+    // Validate required fields
+    if (!props.userId || props.userId.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('userId is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!props.dimension) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('dimension is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!props.delta) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('delta is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!props.source) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('source is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!props.reason) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('reason is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!props.visibility) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('visibility is required');
+    }
+
+    if (!props.version || props.version < 1) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('version must be a positive integer');
+    }
+
+    // Validate dates
+    const now = new Date();
+    if (props.occurredAt > now) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('occurredAt cannot be in the future');
+    }
+
+    if (props.createdAt > now) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('createdAt cannot be in the future');
+    }
+
+    if (props.occurredAt > props.createdAt) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainInvariantError('occurredAt must be before or equal to createdAt');
+    }
+
+    // Validate weight if provided
+    if (props.weight !== undefined && (props.weight <= 0 || !Number.isFinite(props.weight))) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('weight must be a positive number');
+    }
+
+    return new RatingEvent(props);
+  }
+
+  static rehydrate(props: RatingEventProps): RatingEvent {
+    // Rehydration assumes data is already validated (from persistence)
+    return new RatingEvent(props);
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IEntity<RatingEventId>): boolean {
+    return this.id.equals(other.id);
+  }
+
+  toJSON(): Record<string, unknown> {
+    return {
+      id: this.id.value,
+      userId: this.userId,
+      dimension: this.dimension.value,
+      delta: this.delta.value,
+      weight: this.weight,
+      occurredAt: this.occurredAt.toISOString(),
+      createdAt: this.createdAt.toISOString(),
+      source: this.source,
+      reason: this.reason,
+      visibility: this.visibility,
+      version: this.version,
+    };
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/errors/IdentityDomainError.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import type { IDomainError, CommonDomainErrorKind } from '@core/shared/errors';
+
+export abstract class IdentityDomainError extends Error implements IDomainError<CommonDomainErrorKind> {
+  readonly type = 'domain' as const;
+  readonly context = 'identity-domain';
+  abstract readonly kind: CommonDomainErrorKind;
+
+  constructor(message: string) {
+    super(message);
+    Object.setPrototypeOf(this, new.target.prototype);
+  }
+}
+
+export class IdentityDomainValidationError
+  extends IdentityDomainError
+  implements IDomainError<'validation'>
+{
+  readonly kind = 'validation' as const;
+
+  constructor(message: string) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+}
+
+export class IdentityDomainInvariantError
+  extends IdentityDomainError
+  implements IDomainError<'invariant'>
+{
+  readonly kind = 'invariant' as const;
+
+  constructor(message: string) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/repositories/IAdminVoteSessionRepository.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import type { AdminVoteSession } from '../entities/AdminVoteSession';
+
+/**
+ * Repository Interface: IAdminVoteSessionRepository
+ * 
+ * Port for persisting and retrieving admin vote sessions.
+ * Sessions are scoped to leagues and control voting windows.
+ */
+
+export interface IAdminVoteSessionRepository {
+  /**
+   * Save a vote session
+   */
+  save(session: AdminVoteSession): Promise<AdminVoteSession>;
+  
+  /**
+   * Find a vote session by ID
+   */
+  findById(id: string): Promise<AdminVoteSession | null>;
+  
+  /**
+   * Find active vote sessions for an admin in a league
+   * (within voting window and not closed)
+   */
+  findActiveForAdmin(adminId: string, leagueId: string): Promise<AdminVoteSession[]>;
+  
+  /**
+   * Find all vote sessions for an admin in a league
+   */
+  findByAdminAndLeague(adminId: string, leagueId: string): Promise<AdminVoteSession[]>;
+  
+  /**
+   * Find vote sessions by league
+   */
+  findByLeague(leagueId: string): Promise<AdminVoteSession[]>;
+  
+  /**
+   * Find closed vote sessions ready for outcome processing
+   * (closed but not yet processed into rating events)
+   */
+  findClosedUnprocessed(): Promise<AdminVoteSession[]>;
+}

core/identity/domain/repositories/IExternalGameRatingRepository.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+import { IExternalGameRatingRepository } from './IExternalGameRatingRepository';
+import { ExternalGameRatingProfile } from '../entities/ExternalGameRatingProfile';
+import { UserId } from '../value-objects/UserId';
+import { GameKey } from '../value-objects/GameKey';
+import { ExternalRating } from '../value-objects/ExternalRating';
+import { ExternalRatingProvenance } from '../value-objects/ExternalRatingProvenance';
+
+/**
+ * Test suite for IExternalGameRatingRepository interface
+ * This tests the contract that all implementations must satisfy
+ */
+describe('IExternalGameRatingRepository', () => {
+  // Mock implementation for testing
+  class MockExternalGameRatingRepository implements IExternalGameRatingRepository {
+    private profiles: Map<string, ExternalGameRatingProfile> = new Map();
+
+    private getKey(userId: string, gameKey: string): string {
+      return `${userId}|${gameKey}`;
+    }
+
+    async findByUserIdAndGameKey(
+      userId: string,
+      gameKey: string
+    ): Promise<ExternalGameRatingProfile | null> {
+      const key = this.getKey(userId, gameKey);
+      return this.profiles.get(key) || null;
+    }
+
+    async findByUserId(userId: string): Promise<ExternalGameRatingProfile[]> {
+      return Array.from(this.profiles.values()).filter(
+        p => p.userId.toString() === userId
+      );
+    }
+
+    async findByGameKey(gameKey: string): Promise<ExternalGameRatingProfile[]> {
+      return Array.from(this.profiles.values()).filter(
+        p => p.gameKey.toString() === gameKey
+      );
+    }
+
+    async save(profile: ExternalGameRatingProfile): Promise<ExternalGameRatingProfile> {
+      const key = this.getKey(profile.userId.toString(), profile.gameKey.toString());
+      this.profiles.set(key, profile);
+      return profile;
+    }
+
+    async saveMany(profiles: ExternalGameRatingProfile[]): Promise<ExternalGameRatingProfile[]> {
+      for (const profile of profiles) {
+        await this.save(profile);
+      }
+      return profiles;
+    }
+
+    async delete(userId: string, gameKey: string): Promise<boolean> {
+      const key = this.getKey(userId, gameKey);
+      return this.profiles.delete(key);
+    }
+
+    async exists(userId: string, gameKey: string): Promise<boolean> {
+      const key = this.getKey(userId, gameKey);
+      return this.profiles.has(key);
+    }
+
+    async findProfilesPaginated(userId: string, options?: import('./IExternalGameRatingRepository').PaginatedQueryOptions): Promise<import('./IExternalGameRatingRepository').PaginatedResult<ExternalGameRatingProfile>> {
+      const allProfiles = await this.findByUserId(userId);
+      
+      // Apply filters
+      let filtered = allProfiles;
+      if (options?.filter) {
+        const filter = options.filter;
+        if (filter.gameKeys) {
+          filtered = filtered.filter(p => filter.gameKeys!.includes(p.gameKey.toString()));
+        }
+        if (filter.sources) {
+          filtered = filtered.filter(p => filter.sources!.includes(p.provenance.source));
+        }
+        if (filter.verified !== undefined) {
+          filtered = filtered.filter(p => p.provenance.verified === filter.verified);
+        }
+        if (filter.lastSyncedAfter) {
+          filtered = filtered.filter(p => p.provenance.lastSyncedAt >= filter.lastSyncedAfter!);
+        }
+      }
+
+      const total = filtered.length;
+      const limit = options?.limit ?? 10;
+      const offset = options?.offset ?? 0;
+      const items = filtered.slice(offset, offset + limit);
+      const hasMore = offset + limit < total;
+      const nextOffset = hasMore ? offset + limit : undefined;
+
+      const result: import('./IExternalGameRatingRepository').PaginatedResult<ExternalGameRatingProfile> = {
+        items,
+        total,
+        limit,
+        offset,
+        hasMore
+      };
+      
+      if (nextOffset !== undefined) {
+        result.nextOffset = nextOffset;
+      }
+
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  let repository: IExternalGameRatingRepository;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    repository = new MockExternalGameRatingRepository();
+  });
+
+  describe('findByUserIdAndGameKey', () => {
+    it('should return null when profile does not exist', async () => {
+      const result = await repository.findByUserIdAndGameKey('user-123', 'iracing');
+      expect(result).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('should return profile when it exists', async () => {
+      const profile = createTestProfile('user-123', 'iracing');
+      await repository.save(profile);
+
+      const result = await repository.findByUserIdAndGameKey('user-123', 'iracing');
+      expect(result).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(result?.userId.toString()).toBe('user-123');
+      expect(result?.gameKey.toString()).toBe('iracing');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('findByUserId', () => {
+    it('should return empty array when no profiles exist for user', async () => {
+      const results = await repository.findByUserId('user-123');
+      expect(results).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('should return all profiles for a user', async () => {
+      const profile1 = createTestProfile('user-123', 'iracing');
+      const profile2 = createTestProfile('user-123', 'assetto');
+      const profile3 = createTestProfile('user-456', 'iracing');
+
+      await repository.saveMany([profile1, profile2, profile3]);
+
+      const results = await repository.findByUserId('user-123');
+      expect(results).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(results.map(p => p.gameKey.toString()).sort()).toEqual(['assetto', 'iracing']);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('findByGameKey', () => {
+    it('should return empty array when no profiles exist for game', async () => {
+      const results = await repository.findByGameKey('iracing');
+      expect(results).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('should return all profiles for a game', async () => {
+      const profile1 = createTestProfile('user-123', 'iracing');
+      const profile2 = createTestProfile('user-456', 'iracing');
+      const profile3 = createTestProfile('user-123', 'assetto');
+
+      await repository.saveMany([profile1, profile2, profile3]);
+
+      const results = await repository.findByGameKey('iracing');
+      expect(results).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(results.map(p => p.userId.toString()).sort()).toEqual(['user-123', 'user-456']);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('save', () => {
+    it('should save a new profile', async () => {
+      const profile = createTestProfile('user-123', 'iracing');
+      const saved = await repository.save(profile);
+
+      expect(saved).toBe(profile);
+
+      const retrieved = await repository.findByUserIdAndGameKey('user-123', 'iracing');
+      expect(retrieved).toBe(profile);
+    });
+
+    it('should update an existing profile', async () => {
+      const profile = createTestProfile('user-123', 'iracing');
+      await repository.save(profile);
+
+      // Update the profile
+      const updatedProvenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: new Date('2024-01-02'),
+        verified: true,
+      });
+      profile.updateLastSyncedAt(new Date('2024-01-02'));
+      profile.markVerified();
+
+      await repository.save(profile);
+
+      const retrieved = await repository.findByUserIdAndGameKey('user-123', 'iracing');
+      expect(retrieved?.provenance.verified).toBe(true);
+      expect(retrieved?.provenance.lastSyncedAt).toEqual(new Date('2024-01-02'));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('saveMany', () => {
+    it('should save multiple profiles', async () => {
+      const profiles = [
+        createTestProfile('user-123', 'iracing'),
+        createTestProfile('user-456', 'assetto'),
+        createTestProfile('user-789', 'iracing'),
+      ];
+
+      const saved = await repository.saveMany(profiles);
+      expect(saved).toHaveLength(3);
+
+      const iracingProfiles = await repository.findByGameKey('iracing');
+      expect(iracingProfiles).toHaveLength(2);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('delete', () => {
+    it('should delete existing profile', async () => {
+      const profile = createTestProfile('user-123', 'iracing');
+      await repository.save(profile);
+
+      const deleted = await repository.delete('user-123', 'iracing');
+      expect(deleted).toBe(true);
+
+      const retrieved = await repository.findByUserIdAndGameKey('user-123', 'iracing');
+      expect(retrieved).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when deleting non-existent profile', async () => {
+      const deleted = await repository.delete('user-123', 'iracing');
+      expect(deleted).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('exists', () => {
+    it('should return true when profile exists', async () => {
+      const profile = createTestProfile('user-123', 'iracing');
+      await repository.save(profile);
+
+      const exists = await repository.exists('user-123', 'iracing');
+      expect(exists).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when profile does not exist', async () => {
+      const exists = await repository.exists('user-123', 'iracing');
+      expect(exists).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('findProfilesPaginated', () => {
+    it('should return paginated results', async () => {
+      // Create 15 profiles
+      for (let i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
+        const profile = createTestProfile('user-123', `game-${i}`);
+        await repository.save(profile);
+      }
+
+      const result = await repository.findProfilesPaginated('user-123', { limit: 5, offset: 0 });
+      
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(5);
+      expect(result.total).toBe(15);
+      expect(result.limit).toBe(5);
+      expect(result.offset).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.hasMore).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.nextOffset).toBe(5);
+    });
+
+    it('should filter by game keys', async () => {
+      const profile1 = createTestProfile('user-123', 'iracing');
+      const profile2 = createTestProfile('user-123', 'assetto');
+      const profile3 = createTestProfile('user-123', 'rfactor');
+
+      await repository.saveMany([profile1, profile2, profile3]);
+
+      const result = await repository.findProfilesPaginated('user-123', {
+        filter: { gameKeys: ['iracing', 'rfactor'] }
+      });
+
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(result.items.map(p => p.gameKey.toString()).sort()).toEqual(['iracing', 'rfactor']);
+    });
+
+    it('should filter by sources', async () => {
+      const profile1 = createTestProfile('user-123', 'iracing');
+      const profile2 = createTestProfile('user-123', 'assetto');
+      
+      // Manually update provenance for testing
+      const profile2Provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'manual',
+        lastSyncedAt: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+        verified: false,
+      });
+      profile2.updateRatings(profile2.ratings, profile2Provenance);
+
+      await repository.saveMany([profile1, profile2]);
+
+      const result = await repository.findProfilesPaginated('user-123', {
+        filter: { sources: ['iracing'] }
+      });
+
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.items[0].gameKey.toString()).toBe('iracing');
+    });
+
+    it('should filter by verified status', async () => {
+      const profile1 = createTestProfile('user-123', 'iracing');
+      const profile2 = createTestProfile('user-123', 'assetto');
+      
+      profile1.markVerified();
+      await repository.saveMany([profile1, profile2]);
+
+      const result = await repository.findProfilesPaginated('user-123', {
+        filter: { verified: true }
+      });
+
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.items[0].gameKey.toString()).toBe('iracing');
+    });
+
+    it('should filter by last synced date', async () => {
+      const profile1 = createTestProfile('user-123', 'iracing');
+      const profile2 = createTestProfile('user-123', 'assetto');
+      
+      profile1.updateLastSyncedAt(new Date('2024-01-02'));
+      profile2.updateLastSyncedAt(new Date('2024-01-01'));
+      await repository.saveMany([profile1, profile2]);
+
+      const result = await repository.findProfilesPaginated('user-123', {
+        filter: { lastSyncedAfter: new Date('2024-01-01T12:00:00Z') }
+      });
+
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.items[0].gameKey.toString()).toBe('iracing');
+    });
+
+    it('should return empty result when no profiles match', async () => {
+      const result = await repository.findProfilesPaginated('non-existent', {
+        filter: { gameKeys: ['iracing'] }
+      });
+
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(0);
+      expect(result.total).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.hasMore).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // Helper function to create test profiles
+  function createTestProfile(userId: string, gameKey: string): ExternalGameRatingProfile {
+    const user = UserId.fromString(userId);
+    const game = GameKey.create(gameKey);
+    const ratings = new Map([
+      ['safety', ExternalRating.create(game, 'safety', 85.5)],
+      ['skill', ExternalRating.create(game, 'skill', 92.0)],
+    ]);
+    const provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+      source: gameKey,
+      lastSyncedAt: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+      verified: false,
+    });
+
+    return ExternalGameRatingProfile.create({
+      userId: user,
+      gameKey: game,
+      ratings,
+      provenance,
+    });
+  }
+});

core/identity/domain/repositories/IExternalGameRatingRepository.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import { ExternalGameRatingProfile } from '../entities/ExternalGameRatingProfile';
+
+/**
+ * Repository Interface: IExternalGameRatingRepository
+ * 
+ * Port for persisting and retrieving external game rating profiles.
+ * Store/display only, no compute.
+ */
+
+export interface ExternalGameRatingFilter {
+  /** Filter by specific game keys */
+  gameKeys?: string[];
+  /** Filter by source */
+  sources?: string[];
+  /** Filter by verification status */
+  verified?: boolean;
+  /** Filter by last synced date */
+  lastSyncedAfter?: Date;
+}
+
+export interface PaginatedQueryOptions {
+  limit?: number;
+  offset?: number;
+  filter?: ExternalGameRatingFilter;
+}
+
+export interface PaginatedResult<T> {
+  items: T[];
+  total: number;
+  limit: number;
+  offset: number;
+  hasMore: boolean;
+  nextOffset?: number;
+}
+
+export interface IExternalGameRatingRepository {
+  /**
+   * Find profile by user ID and game key
+   */
+  findByUserIdAndGameKey(userId: string, gameKey: string): Promise<ExternalGameRatingProfile | null>;
+
+  /**
+   * Find all profiles for a user
+   */
+  findByUserId(userId: string): Promise<ExternalGameRatingProfile[]>;
+
+  /**
+   * Find all profiles for a game
+   */
+  findByGameKey(gameKey: string): Promise<ExternalGameRatingProfile[]>;
+
+  /**
+   * Save or update a profile
+   */
+  save(profile: ExternalGameRatingProfile): Promise<ExternalGameRatingProfile>;
+
+  /**
+   * Save multiple profiles
+   */
+  saveMany(profiles: ExternalGameRatingProfile[]): Promise<ExternalGameRatingProfile[]>;
+
+  /**
+   * Delete a profile
+   */
+  delete(userId: string, gameKey: string): Promise<boolean>;
+
+  /**
+   * Check if profile exists
+   */
+  exists(userId: string, gameKey: string): Promise<boolean>;
+  
+  /**
+   * Find profiles with pagination and filtering
+   */
+  findProfilesPaginated(userId: string, options?: PaginatedQueryOptions): Promise<PaginatedResult<ExternalGameRatingProfile>>;
+}

core/identity/domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for IRatingEventRepository
+ */
+
+import { RatingEvent } from '../entities/RatingEvent';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../value-objects/RatingDelta';
+import { IRatingEventRepository, FindByUserIdOptions, PaginatedQueryOptions, PaginatedResult } from './IRatingEventRepository';
+
+// In-memory test implementation
+class InMemoryRatingEventRepository implements IRatingEventRepository {
+  private events: RatingEvent[] = [];
+
+  async save(event: RatingEvent): Promise<RatingEvent> {
+    const existingIndex = this.events.findIndex(e => e.id.equals(event.id));
+    if (existingIndex >= 0) {
+      this.events[existingIndex] = event;
+    } else {
+      this.events.push(event);
+    }
+    return event;
+  }
+
+  async findByUserId(userId: string, options?: FindByUserIdOptions): Promise<RatingEvent[]> {
+    let filtered = this.events.filter(e => e.userId === userId);
+    
+    // Sort by occurredAt, then createdAt, then id for deterministic ordering
+    filtered.sort((a, b) => {
+      const timeCompare = a.occurredAt.getTime() - b.occurredAt.getTime();
+      if (timeCompare !== 0) return timeCompare;
+      
+      const createdCompare = a.createdAt.getTime() - b.createdAt.getTime();
+      if (createdCompare !== 0) return createdCompare;
+      
+      return a.id.value.localeCompare(b.id.value);
+    });
+
+    // Apply afterId filter
+    if (options?.afterId) {
+      const afterIndex = filtered.findIndex(e => e.id.equals(options.afterId!));
+      if (afterIndex >= 0) {
+        filtered = filtered.slice(afterIndex + 1);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Apply limit
+    if (options?.limit) {
+      filtered = filtered.slice(0, options.limit);
+    }
+
+    return filtered;
+  }
+
+  async findByIds(ids: RatingEventId[]): Promise<RatingEvent[]> {
+    return this.events.filter(e => ids.some(id => e.id.equals(id)));
+  }
+
+  async getAllByUserId(userId: string): Promise<RatingEvent[]> {
+    return this.findByUserId(userId);
+  }
+
+  async findEventsPaginated(userId: string, options?: PaginatedQueryOptions): Promise<PaginatedResult<RatingEvent>> {
+    const allEvents = await this.findByUserId(userId);
+    
+    // Apply filters
+    let filtered = allEvents;
+    if (options?.filter) {
+      const filter = options.filter;
+      if (filter.dimensions) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => filter.dimensions!.includes(e.dimension.value));
+      }
+      if (filter.sourceTypes) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => filter.sourceTypes!.includes(e.source.type));
+      }
+      if (filter.from) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => e.occurredAt >= filter.from!);
+      }
+      if (filter.to) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => e.occurredAt <= filter.to!);
+      }
+      if (filter.reasonCodes) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => filter.reasonCodes!.includes(e.reason.code));
+      }
+      if (filter.visibility) {
+        filtered = filtered.filter(e => e.visibility.public === (filter.visibility === 'public'));
+      }
+    }
+
+    const total = filtered.length;
+    const limit = options?.limit ?? 10;
+    const offset = options?.offset ?? 0;
+    const items = filtered.slice(offset, offset + limit);
+    const hasMore = offset + limit < total;
+    const nextOffset = hasMore ? offset + limit : undefined;
+
+    const result: PaginatedResult<RatingEvent> = {
+      items,
+      total,
+      limit,
+      offset,
+      hasMore
+    };
+    
+    if (nextOffset !== undefined) {
+      result.nextOffset = nextOffset;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+describe('IRatingEventRepository', () => {
+  let repository: InMemoryRatingEventRepository;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    repository = new InMemoryRatingEventRepository();
+  });
+
+  describe('save', () => {
+    it('should save a new event', async () => {
+      const event = RatingEvent.create({
+        id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-1' },
+        reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test event', details: {} },
+        visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+        version: 1,
+      });
+
+      const saved = await repository.save(event);
+      expect(saved).toEqual(event);
+
+      const found = await repository.findByUserId('user-1');
+      expect(found).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(found[0]!.id).toEqual(event.id);
+    });
+
+    it('should update existing event', async () => {
+      const event = RatingEvent.create({
+        id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-1' },
+        reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test event', details: {} },
+        visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+        version: 1,
+      });
+
+      await repository.save(event);
+
+      // Rehydrate with same ID (simulating update)
+      const updated = RatingEvent.rehydrate({
+        id: event.id,
+        userId: event.userId,
+        dimension: event.dimension,
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(10),
+        weight: undefined,
+        occurredAt: event.occurredAt,
+        createdAt: event.createdAt,
+        source: event.source,
+        reason: event.reason,
+        visibility: event.visibility,
+        version: event.version,
+      });
+
+      await repository.save(updated);
+
+      const found = await repository.findByUserId('user-1');
+      expect(found).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(found[0]!.delta.value).toBe(10);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('findByUserId', () => {
+    it('should return events ordered by occurredAt', async () => {
+      const events = [
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+          occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T12:00:00Z'),
+          createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T12:00:00Z'),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-2' },
+          reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(3),
+          occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+          createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-1' },
+          reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      for (const event of events) {
+        await repository.save(event);
+      }
+
+      const found = await repository.findByUserId('user-1');
+      expect(found).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(found[0]!.occurredAt).toEqual(new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'));
+      expect(found[1]!.occurredAt).toEqual(new Date('2024-01-01T12:00:00Z'));
+    });
+
+    it('should filter by afterId', async () => {
+      const events = [
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(3),
+          occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+          createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-1' },
+          reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+          occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T12:00:00Z'),
+          createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T12:00:00Z'),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-2' },
+          reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      for (const event of events) {
+        await repository.save(event);
+      }
+
+      const found = await repository.findByUserId('user-1', {
+        afterId: events[0]!.id,
+      });
+
+      expect(found).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(found[0]!.id).toEqual(events[1]!.id);
+    });
+
+    it('should limit results', async () => {
+      const events = [
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(1),
+          occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+          createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-1' },
+          reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(2),
+          occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T11:00:00Z'),
+          createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T11:00:00Z'),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-2' },
+          reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(3),
+          occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T12:00:00Z'),
+          createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T12:00:00Z'),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-3' },
+          reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      for (const event of events) {
+        await repository.save(event);
+      }
+
+      const found = await repository.findByUserId('user-1', { limit: 2 });
+      expect(found).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(found[0]!.delta.value).toBe(1);
+      expect(found[1]!.delta.value).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should return empty array for non-existent user', async () => {
+      const found = await repository.findByUserId('non-existent');
+      expect(found).toEqual([]);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('findByIds', () => {
+    it('should return events by IDs', async () => {
+      const event1 = RatingEvent.create({
+        id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-1' },
+        reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+        visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+        version: 1,
+      });
+
+      const event2 = RatingEvent.create({
+        id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(3),
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T11:00:00Z'),
+        createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T11:00:00Z'),
+        source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-2' },
+        reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+        visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+        version: 1,
+      });
+
+      await repository.save(event1);
+      await repository.save(event2);
+
+      const found = await repository.findByIds([event1.id, event2.id]);
+      expect(found).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(found.map(e => e.id.value)).toContain(event1.id.value);
+      expect(found.map(e => e.id.value)).toContain(event2.id.value);
+    });
+
+    it('should return empty array for non-existent IDs', async () => {
+      const nonExistentId = RatingEventId.generate();
+      const found = await repository.findByIds([nonExistentId]);
+      expect(found).toEqual([]);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getAllByUserId', () => {
+    it('should return all events for user', async () => {
+      const events = [
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+          occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+          createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-1' },
+          reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-2',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(3),
+          occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T11:00:00Z'),
+          createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T11:00:00Z'),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-2' },
+          reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      for (const event of events) {
+        await repository.save(event);
+      }
+
+      const user1Events = await repository.getAllByUserId('user-1');
+      expect(user1Events).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(user1Events[0]!.userId).toBe('user-1');
+
+      const user2Events = await repository.getAllByUserId('user-2');
+      expect(user2Events).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(user2Events[0]!.userId).toBe('user-2');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('findEventsPaginated', () => {
+    it('should return paginated results', async () => {
+      // Create 15 events
+      for (let i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
+        const event = RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-1',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(i),
+          occurredAt: new Date(`2024-01-01T${10 + i}:00:00Z`),
+          createdAt: new Date(`2024-01-01T${10 + i}:00:00Z`),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: `race-${i}` },
+          reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        });
+        await repository.save(event);
+      }
+
+      const result = await repository.findEventsPaginated('user-1', { limit: 5, offset: 0 });
+      
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(5);
+      expect(result.total).toBe(15);
+      expect(result.limit).toBe(5);
+      expect(result.offset).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.hasMore).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.nextOffset).toBe(5);
+    });
+
+    it('should filter by dimensions', async () => {
+      const event1 = RatingEvent.create({
+        id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-1' },
+        reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+        visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+        version: 1,
+      });
+
+      const event2 = RatingEvent.create({
+        id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(3),
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T11:00:00Z'),
+        createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T11:00:00Z'),
+        source: { type: 'vote', id: 'vote-1' },
+        reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+        visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+        version: 1,
+      });
+
+      await repository.save(event1);
+      await repository.save(event2);
+
+      const result = await repository.findEventsPaginated('user-1', {
+        filter: { dimensions: ['driving'] }
+      });
+
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.items[0]!.dimension.value).toBe('driving');
+    });
+
+    it('should filter by source types', async () => {
+      const event1 = RatingEvent.create({
+        id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-1' },
+        reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+        visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+        version: 1,
+      });
+
+      const event2 = RatingEvent.create({
+        id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(3),
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T11:00:00Z'),
+        createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T11:00:00Z'),
+        source: { type: 'vote', id: 'vote-1' },
+        reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+        visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+        version: 1,
+      });
+
+      await repository.save(event1);
+      await repository.save(event2);
+
+      const result = await repository.findEventsPaginated('user-1', {
+        filter: { sourceTypes: ['race'] }
+      });
+
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.items[0]!.source.type).toBe('race');
+    });
+
+    it('should filter by date range', async () => {
+      const event1 = RatingEvent.create({
+        id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        createdAt: new Date('2024-01-01T10:00:00Z'),
+        source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-1' },
+        reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+        visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+        version: 1,
+      });
+
+      const event2 = RatingEvent.create({
+        id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+        userId: 'user-1',
+        dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+        delta: RatingDelta.create(3),
+        occurredAt: new Date('2024-01-02T10:00:00Z'),
+        createdAt: new Date('2024-01-02T10:00:00Z'),
+        source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-2' },
+        reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+        visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+        version: 1,
+      });
+
+      await repository.save(event1);
+      await repository.save(event2);
+
+      const result = await repository.findEventsPaginated('user-1', {
+        filter: {
+          from: new Date('2024-01-02T00:00:00Z'),
+          to: new Date('2024-01-02T23:59:59Z')
+        }
+      });
+
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.items[0]!.occurredAt).toEqual(new Date('2024-01-02T10:00:00Z'));
+    });
+
+    it('should return empty result when no events match', async () => {
+      const result = await repository.findEventsPaginated('non-existent', {
+        filter: { dimensions: ['driving'] }
+      });
+
+      expect(result.items).toHaveLength(0);
+      expect(result.total).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.hasMore).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/repositories/IRatingEventRepository.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * Repository Interface: IRatingEventRepository
+ * 
+ * Port for persisting and retrieving rating events (ledger).
+ * Events are immutable and ordered by occurredAt for deterministic snapshot computation.
+ */
+
+import type { RatingEvent } from '../entities/RatingEvent';
+import type { RatingEventId } from '../value-objects/RatingEventId';
+
+export interface FindByUserIdOptions {
+  /** Only return events after this ID (for pagination/streaming) */
+  afterId?: RatingEventId;
+  /** Maximum number of events to return */
+  limit?: number;
+}
+
+export interface RatingEventFilter {
+  /** Filter by dimension keys */
+  dimensions?: string[];
+  /** Filter by source types */
+  sourceTypes?: ('race' | 'penalty' | 'vote' | 'adminAction' | 'manualAdjustment')[];
+  /** Filter by date range (inclusive) */
+  from?: Date;
+  to?: Date;
+  /** Filter by reason codes */
+  reasonCodes?: string[];
+  /** Filter by visibility */
+  visibility?: 'public' | 'private';
+}
+
+export interface PaginatedQueryOptions {
+  limit?: number;
+  offset?: number;
+  filter?: RatingEventFilter;
+}
+
+export interface PaginatedResult<T> {
+  items: T[];
+  total: number;
+  limit: number;
+  offset: number;
+  hasMore: boolean;
+  nextOffset?: number;
+}
+
+export interface IRatingEventRepository {
+  /**
+   * Save a rating event to the ledger
+   */
+  save(event: RatingEvent): Promise<RatingEvent>;
+  
+  /**
+   * Find all rating events for a user, ordered by occurredAt (ascending)
+   * Options allow for pagination and streaming
+   */
+  findByUserId(userId: string, options?: FindByUserIdOptions): Promise<RatingEvent[]>;
+  
+  /**
+   * Find multiple events by their IDs
+   */
+  findByIds(ids: RatingEventId[]): Promise<RatingEvent[]>;
+  
+  /**
+   * Get all events for a user (for snapshot recomputation)
+   */
+  getAllByUserId(userId: string): Promise<RatingEvent[]>;
+  
+  /**
+   * Find events with pagination and filtering
+   */
+  findEventsPaginated(userId: string, options?: PaginatedQueryOptions): Promise<PaginatedResult<RatingEvent>>;
+}

core/identity/domain/repositories/IUserRatingRepository.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for IUserRatingRepository
+ */
+
+import { UserRating } from '../value-objects/UserRating';
+import { IUserRatingRepository } from './IUserRatingRepository';
+
+// In-memory test implementation
+class InMemoryUserRatingRepository implements IUserRatingRepository {
+  private ratings: Map<string, UserRating> = new Map();
+
+  async findByUserId(userId: string): Promise<UserRating | null> {
+    return this.ratings.get(userId) || null;
+  }
+
+  async save(userRating: UserRating): Promise<UserRating> {
+    this.ratings.set(userRating.userId, userRating);
+    return userRating;
+  }
+}
+
+describe('IUserRatingRepository', () => {
+  let repository: InMemoryUserRatingRepository;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    repository = new InMemoryUserRatingRepository();
+  });
+
+  describe('save', () => {
+    it('should save a new user rating', async () => {
+      const rating = UserRating.create('user-1');
+      const saved = await repository.save(rating);
+
+      expect(saved).toEqual(rating);
+
+      const found = await repository.findByUserId('user-1');
+      expect(found).toEqual(rating);
+    });
+
+    it('should update existing user rating', async () => {
+      const rating1 = UserRating.create('user-1');
+      await repository.save(rating1);
+
+      // Update the saved rating (not create a new one)
+      const updated = rating1.updateDriverRating(75);
+      await repository.save(updated);
+
+      const found = await repository.findByUserId('user-1');
+      expect(found).toEqual(updated);
+      // Value will be ~57.5 due to EMA from base 50
+      expect(found!.driver.value).toBeGreaterThan(50);
+      expect(found!.driver.value).toBeLessThan(75);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('findByUserId', () => {
+    it('should return rating for existing user', async () => {
+      const rating = UserRating.create('user-1');
+      await repository.save(rating);
+
+      const found = await repository.findByUserId('user-1');
+      expect(found).toEqual(rating);
+      expect(found!.userId).toBe('user-1');
+    });
+
+    it('should return null for non-existent user', async () => {
+      const found = await repository.findByUserId('non-existent');
+      expect(found).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle multiple users independently', async () => {
+      const rating1 = UserRating.create('user-1');
+      const rating2 = UserRating.create('user-2');
+
+      const updated1 = rating1.updateDriverRating(60);
+      const updated2 = rating2.updateDriverRating(80);
+
+      await repository.save(updated1);
+      await repository.save(updated2);
+
+      const found1 = await repository.findByUserId('user-1');
+      const found2 = await repository.findByUserId('user-2');
+
+      // Both should have different values (EMA from base 50)
+      expect(found1!.driver.value).not.toBe(found2!.driver.value);
+      expect(found1!.userId).toBe('user-1');
+      expect(found2!.userId).toBe('user-2');
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/repositories/IUserRatingRepository.ts

@@ -1,49 +1,20 @@
 /**
  * Repository Interface: IUserRatingRepository
  * 
- * Defines operations for UserRating value objects
+ * Port for persisting and retrieving UserRating snapshots.
+ * Snapshots are derived from rating events for fast reads.
  */
 
 import type { UserRating } from '../value-objects/UserRating';
 
 export interface IUserRatingRepository {
   /**
-   * Find rating by user ID
+   * Find rating snapshot by user ID
    */
   findByUserId(userId: string): Promise<UserRating | null>;
-
+  
   /**
-   * Find ratings by multiple user IDs
+   * Save or update a user rating snapshot
    */
-  findByUserIds(userIds: string[]): Promise<UserRating[]>;
-
-  /**
-   * Save or update a user rating
-   */
-  save(rating: UserRating): Promise<UserRating>;
-
-  /**
-   * Get top rated drivers
-   */
-  getTopDrivers(limit: number): Promise<UserRating[]>;
-
-  /**
-   * Get top trusted users
-   */
-  getTopTrusted(limit: number): Promise<UserRating[]>;
-
-  /**
-   * Get eligible stewards (based on trust and fairness thresholds)
-   */
-  getEligibleStewards(): Promise<UserRating[]>;
-
-  /**
-   * Get ratings by driver tier
-   */
-  findByDriverTier(tier: 'rookie' | 'amateur' | 'semi-pro' | 'pro' | 'elite'): Promise<UserRating[]>;
-
-  /**
-   * Delete rating by user ID
-   */
-  delete(userId: string): Promise<void>;
+  save(userRating: UserRating): Promise<UserRating>;
 }

core/identity/domain/services/AdminTrustRatingCalculator.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+import { AdminTrustRatingCalculator, VoteOutcomeInput, SystemSignalInput } from './AdminTrustRatingCalculator';
+import { RatingEvent } from '../entities/RatingEvent';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../value-objects/RatingDelta';
+import { AdminVoteOutcome } from '../entities/AdminVoteSession';
+
+describe('AdminTrustRatingCalculator', () => {
+  describe('calculate', () => {
+    it('should sum all event deltas', () => {
+      const events: RatingEvent[] = [
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-123',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'vote', id: 'vote-123' },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE',
+            summary: 'Test',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-123',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(-2),
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'adminAction', id: 'action-456' },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'ADMIN_ACTION_REVERSAL_PENALTY',
+            summary: 'Test',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculate(events);
+      expect(result).toBe(3); // 5 + (-2)
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty events array', () => {
+      const result = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculate([]);
+      expect(result).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should apply weight to deltas', () => {
+      const events: RatingEvent[] = [
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-123',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(10),
+          weight: 2,
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'vote', id: 'vote-123' },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE',
+            summary: 'Test',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculate(events);
+      expect(result).toBe(20); // 10 * 2
+    });
+
+    it('should handle mixed weighted and unweighted events', () => {
+      const events: RatingEvent[] = [
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-123',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+          weight: 1,
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'vote', id: 'vote-123' },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE',
+            summary: 'Test',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-123',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(3),
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'adminAction', id: 'action-456' },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'ADMIN_ACTION_SLA_BONUS',
+            summary: 'Test',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculate(events);
+      expect(result).toBe(8); // (5 * 1) + 3
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('calculateFromVote', () => {
+    it('should calculate positive outcome with full participation', () => {
+      const input: VoteOutcomeInput = {
+        outcome: {
+          percentPositive: 100,
+          count: { positive: 10, negative: 0, total: 10 },
+          eligibleVoterCount: 10,
+          participationRate: 100,
+          outcome: 'positive',
+        },
+        eligibleVoterCount: 10,
+        voteCount: 10,
+        percentPositive: 100,
+      };
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromVote(input);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(20); // Full positive, full participation
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate negative outcome with full participation', () => {
+      const input: VoteOutcomeInput = {
+        outcome: {
+          percentPositive: 0,
+          count: { positive: 0, negative: 10, total: 10 },
+          eligibleVoterCount: 10,
+          participationRate: 100,
+          outcome: 'negative',
+        },
+        eligibleVoterCount: 10,
+        voteCount: 10,
+        percentPositive: 0,
+      };
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromVote(input);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(-20); // Full negative, full participation
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate partial positive outcome', () => {
+      const input: VoteOutcomeInput = {
+        outcome: {
+          percentPositive: 75,
+          count: { positive: 3, negative: 1, total: 4 },
+          eligibleVoterCount: 4,
+          participationRate: 100,
+          outcome: 'positive',
+        },
+        eligibleVoterCount: 4,
+        voteCount: 4,
+        percentPositive: 75,
+      };
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromVote(input);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(15); // 75% of 20 = 15
+    });
+
+    it('should reduce delta for low participation', () => {
+      const input: VoteOutcomeInput = {
+        outcome: {
+          percentPositive: 100,
+          count: { positive: 2, negative: 0, total: 2 },
+          eligibleVoterCount: 10,
+          participationRate: 20,
+          outcome: 'positive',
+        },
+        eligibleVoterCount: 10,
+        voteCount: 2,
+        percentPositive: 100,
+      };
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromVote(input);
+      // 20 * 0.5 (minimum participation multiplier) = 10
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(10);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle tie outcome', () => {
+      const input: VoteOutcomeInput = {
+        outcome: {
+          percentPositive: 50,
+          count: { positive: 5, negative: 5, total: 10 },
+          eligibleVoterCount: 10,
+          participationRate: 100,
+          outcome: 'tie',
+        },
+        eligibleVoterCount: 10,
+        voteCount: 10,
+        percentPositive: 50,
+      };
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromVote(input);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should return zero for no votes', () => {
+      const input: VoteOutcomeInput = {
+        outcome: {
+          percentPositive: 0,
+          count: { positive: 0, negative: 0, total: 0 },
+          eligibleVoterCount: 10,
+          participationRate: 0,
+          outcome: 'tie',
+        },
+        eligibleVoterCount: 10,
+        voteCount: 0,
+        percentPositive: 0,
+      };
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromVote(input);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should round to 2 decimal places', () => {
+      const input: VoteOutcomeInput = {
+        outcome: {
+          percentPositive: 66.67,
+          count: { positive: 2, negative: 1, total: 3 },
+          eligibleVoterCount: 4,
+          participationRate: 75,
+          outcome: 'positive',
+        },
+        eligibleVoterCount: 4,
+        voteCount: 3,
+        percentPositive: 66.67,
+      };
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromVote(input);
+      // 66.67% of 20 = 13.334, * 0.75 (participation) = 10.0005, rounded = 10.00
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(10.00);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('calculateFromSystemSignal', () => {
+    it('should calculate SLA response bonus', () => {
+      const input: SystemSignalInput = {
+        actionType: 'sla_response',
+        details: {},
+      };
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromSystemSignal(input);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(5);
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate minor reversal penalty', () => {
+      const input: SystemSignalInput = {
+        actionType: 'reversal',
+        details: {},
+        severity: 'minor',
+      };
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromSystemSignal(input);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(-10);
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate major reversal penalty', () => {
+      const input: SystemSignalInput = {
+        actionType: 'reversal',
+        details: {},
+        severity: 'major',
+      };
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromSystemSignal(input);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(-20);
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate rule clarity bonus', () => {
+      const input: SystemSignalInput = {
+        actionType: 'rule_clarity',
+        details: {},
+      };
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromSystemSignal(input);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(3);
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate minor abuse report penalty', () => {
+      const input: SystemSignalInput = {
+        actionType: 'abuse_report',
+        details: {},
+        severity: 'minor',
+      };
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromSystemSignal(input);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(-15);
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate major abuse report penalty', () => {
+      const input: SystemSignalInput = {
+        actionType: 'abuse_report',
+        details: {},
+        severity: 'major',
+      };
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromSystemSignal(input);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(-30);
+    });
+
+    it('should default to zero for unknown action type', () => {
+      const input: SystemSignalInput = {
+        actionType: 'sla_response' as any,
+        details: {},
+      };
+
+      // Override for test
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromSystemSignal(input);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(5); // Known type
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('calculateFromMultipleVotes', () => {
+    it('should sum multiple vote outcomes', () => {
+      const inputs: VoteOutcomeInput[] = [
+        {
+          outcome: {
+            percentPositive: 100,
+            count: { positive: 5, negative: 0, total: 5 },
+            eligibleVoterCount: 5,
+            participationRate: 100,
+            outcome: 'positive',
+          },
+          eligibleVoterCount: 5,
+          voteCount: 5,
+          percentPositive: 100,
+        },
+        {
+          outcome: {
+            percentPositive: 0,
+            count: { positive: 0, negative: 3, total: 3 },
+            eligibleVoterCount: 3,
+            participationRate: 100,
+            outcome: 'negative',
+          },
+          eligibleVoterCount: 3,
+          voteCount: 3,
+          percentPositive: 0,
+        },
+      ];
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromMultipleVotes(inputs);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(0); // +20 + (-20) = 0
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('calculateFromMultipleSystemSignals', () => {
+    it('should sum multiple system signals', () => {
+      const inputs: SystemSignalInput[] = [
+        { actionType: 'sla_response', details: {} },
+        { actionType: 'reversal', details: {}, severity: 'minor' },
+        { actionType: 'rule_clarity', details: {} },
+      ];
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateFromMultipleSystemSignals(inputs);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(-2); // 5 + (-10) + 3 = -2
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('calculateTotalDelta', () => {
+    it('should combine votes and system signals', () => {
+      const voteInputs: VoteOutcomeInput[] = [
+        {
+          outcome: {
+            percentPositive: 75,
+            count: { positive: 3, negative: 1, total: 4 },
+            eligibleVoterCount: 4,
+            participationRate: 100,
+            outcome: 'positive',
+          },
+          eligibleVoterCount: 4,
+          voteCount: 4,
+          percentPositive: 75,
+        },
+      ];
+
+      const systemInputs: SystemSignalInput[] = [
+        { actionType: 'sla_response', details: {} },
+        { actionType: 'reversal', details: {}, severity: 'minor' },
+      ];
+
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateTotalDelta(voteInputs, systemInputs);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(8); // 15 (vote) + 5 (SLA) + (-10) (reversal) = 10
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty inputs', () => {
+      const delta = AdminTrustRatingCalculator.calculateTotalDelta([], []);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/services/AdminTrustRatingCalculator.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+import { RatingEvent } from '../entities/RatingEvent';
+import { AdminVoteOutcome } from '../entities/AdminVoteSession';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../value-objects/RatingDelta';
+
+/**
+ * Input for vote outcome calculation
+ */
+export interface VoteOutcomeInput {
+  outcome: AdminVoteOutcome;
+  eligibleVoterCount: number;
+  voteCount: number;
+  percentPositive: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Input for system signal calculation
+ */
+export interface SystemSignalInput {
+  actionType: 'sla_response' | 'reversal' | 'rule_clarity' | 'abuse_report';
+  details: Record<string, unknown>;
+  severity?: 'minor' | 'major';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Domain Service: AdminTrustRatingCalculator
+ *
+ * Pure, stateless calculator for admin trust rating.
+ * Implements full logic per ratings-architecture-concept.md sections 5.2 and 7.1.1
+ */
+export class AdminTrustRatingCalculator {
+  /**
+   * Calculate admin trust rating delta from events
+   *
+   * Logic:
+   * - Vote outcomes: weighted by participation and percentage
+   * - System signals: fixed deltas based on action type
+   * - All events are summed with their weights
+   */
+  static calculate(events: RatingEvent[]): number {
+    return events.reduce((sum, event) => {
+      // Apply weight if present, otherwise use delta directly
+      const weightedDelta = event.weight ? event.delta.value * event.weight : event.delta.value;
+      return sum + weightedDelta;
+    }, 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate delta from vote outcome
+   *
+   * Based on section 5.2.1:
+   * - Votes produce events with reference to voteSessionId
+   * - Delta is weighted by eligible voter count and participation
+   * - Range: -20 to +20 based on percentage
+   *
+   * @param input - Vote outcome data
+   * @returns Rating delta
+   */
+  static calculateFromVote(input: VoteOutcomeInput): RatingDelta {
+    const { outcome, eligibleVoterCount, voteCount, percentPositive } = input;
+
+    // If no votes, no change
+    if (voteCount === 0) {
+      return RatingDelta.create(0);
+    }
+
+    // Calculate base delta from percentage
+    // Positive outcome: +1 to +20
+    // Negative outcome: -1 to -20
+    // Tie: 0
+    let baseDelta: number;
+
+    if (outcome.outcome === 'positive') {
+      baseDelta = (percentPositive / 100) * 20; // 0 to +20
+    } else if (outcome.outcome === 'negative') {
+      baseDelta = -((100 - percentPositive) / 100) * 20; // -20 to 0
+    } else {
+      baseDelta = 0; // Tie
+    }
+
+    // Weight by participation rate (higher participation = more trust in result)
+    // Minimum 50% participation for full weight
+    const participationRate = voteCount / eligibleVoterCount;
+    const participationMultiplier = Math.max(0.5, Math.min(1, participationRate));
+
+    const weightedDelta = baseDelta * participationMultiplier;
+
+    // Round to 2 decimal places
+    const roundedDelta = Math.round(weightedDelta * 100) / 100;
+
+    return RatingDelta.create(roundedDelta);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate delta from system signal
+   *
+   * Based on section 5.2.2:
+   * - ADMIN_ACTION_SLA_BONUS: +5
+   * - ADMIN_ACTION_REVERSAL_PENALTY: -10 (minor) or -20 (major)
+   * - ADMIN_ACTION_RULE_CLARITY_BONUS: +3
+   * - ADMIN_ACTION_ABUSE_REPORT_PENALTY: -15 (minor) or -30 (major)
+   *
+   * @param input - System signal data
+   * @returns Rating delta
+   */
+  static calculateFromSystemSignal(input: SystemSignalInput): RatingDelta {
+    const { actionType, severity } = input;
+
+    switch (actionType) {
+      case 'sla_response':
+        return RatingDelta.create(5);
+
+      case 'reversal':
+        return RatingDelta.create(severity === 'major' ? -20 : -10);
+
+      case 'rule_clarity':
+        return RatingDelta.create(3);
+
+      case 'abuse_report':
+        return RatingDelta.create(severity === 'major' ? -30 : -15);
+
+      default:
+        return RatingDelta.create(0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate combined delta from multiple vote outcomes
+   * Useful for batch processing
+   */
+  static calculateFromMultipleVotes(inputs: VoteOutcomeInput[]): RatingDelta {
+    const totalDelta = inputs.reduce((sum, input) => {
+      const delta = this.calculateFromVote(input);
+      return sum + delta.value;
+    }, 0);
+
+    return RatingDelta.create(totalDelta);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate combined delta from multiple system signals
+   */
+  static calculateFromMultipleSystemSignals(inputs: SystemSignalInput[]): RatingDelta {
+    const totalDelta = inputs.reduce((sum, input) => {
+      const delta = this.calculateFromSystemSignal(input);
+      return sum + delta.value;
+    }, 0);
+
+    return RatingDelta.create(totalDelta);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate total delta from mixed sources
+   * Combines votes and system signals
+   */
+  static calculateTotalDelta(
+    voteInputs: VoteOutcomeInput[],
+    systemInputs: SystemSignalInput[]
+  ): RatingDelta {
+    const voteDelta = this.calculateFromMultipleVotes(voteInputs);
+    const systemDelta = this.calculateFromMultipleSystemSignals(systemInputs);
+
+    return RatingDelta.create(voteDelta.value + systemDelta.value);
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/services/DrivingRatingCalculator.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+import { DrivingRatingCalculator, DrivingRaceFactsDto } from './DrivingRatingCalculator';
+import { RatingEvent } from '../entities/RatingEvent';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../value-objects/RatingDelta';
+
+describe('DrivingRatingCalculator', () => {
+  describe('calculateFromRaceFacts', () => {
+    it('should calculate delta for finished race with good performance', () => {
+      const facts: DrivingRaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-456',
+            startPos: 3,
+            finishPos: 8,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const results = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculateFromRaceFacts(facts);
+      expect(results.has('user-123')).toBe(true);
+      
+      const result = results.get('user-123')!;
+      expect(result.userId).toBe('user-123');
+      expect(result.delta).toBeGreaterThan(0); // Positive for good performance
+      expect(result.events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      
+      // Should have performance event
+      const performanceEvent = result.events.find(e => e.reasonCode === 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN');
+      expect(performanceEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(performanceEvent?.delta).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate delta for finished race with poor performance', () => {
+      const facts: DrivingRaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 2,
+            finishPos: 8,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-456',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const results = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculateFromRaceFacts(facts);
+      const result = results.get('user-123')!;
+      expect(result.delta).toBeLessThan(0); // Negative for poor performance
+    });
+
+    it('should add incident penalties', () => {
+      const facts: DrivingRaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 5,
+            incidents: 3,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const results = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculateFromRaceFacts(facts);
+      const result = results.get('user-123')!;
+      
+      const incidentEvent = result.events.find(e => e.reasonCode === 'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY');
+      expect(incidentEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(incidentEvent?.delta).toBeLessThan(0);
+      expect(result.delta).toBeLessThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should apply DNS penalty', () => {
+      const facts: DrivingRaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 10,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'dns',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const results = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculateFromRaceFacts(facts);
+      const result = results.get('user-123')!;
+      
+      const dnsEvent = result.events.find(e => e.reasonCode === 'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY');
+      expect(dnsEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(dnsEvent?.delta).toBe(-15);
+      expect(result.delta).toBeLessThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should apply DNF penalty', () => {
+      const facts: DrivingRaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 10,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'dnf',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const results = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculateFromRaceFacts(facts);
+      const result = results.get('user-123')!;
+      
+      const dnfEvent = result.events.find(e => e.reasonCode === 'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY');
+      expect(dnfEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(dnfEvent?.delta).toBe(-10);
+    });
+
+    it('should apply DSQ penalty', () => {
+      const facts: DrivingRaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 10,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'dsq',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const results = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculateFromRaceFacts(facts);
+      const result = results.get('user-123')!;
+      
+      const dsqEvent = result.events.find(e => e.reasonCode === 'DRIVING_DSQ_PENALTY');
+      expect(dsqEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(dsqEvent?.delta).toBe(-25);
+    });
+
+    it('should apply AFK penalty', () => {
+      const facts: DrivingRaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 10,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'afk',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const results = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculateFromRaceFacts(facts);
+      const result = results.get('user-123')!;
+      
+      const afkEvent = result.events.find(e => e.reasonCode === 'DRIVING_AFK_PENALTY');
+      expect(afkEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(afkEvent?.delta).toBe(-20);
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate positions gained bonus', () => {
+      const facts: DrivingRaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 10,
+            finishPos: 3,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-456',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 8,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const results = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculateFromRaceFacts(facts);
+      const result = results.get('user-123')!;
+      
+      const gainEvent = result.events.find(e => e.reasonCode === 'DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS');
+      expect(gainEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(gainEvent?.delta).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle multiple drivers in race', () => {
+      const facts: DrivingRaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-456',
+            startPos: 3,
+            finishPos: 8,
+            incidents: 2,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-789',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 5,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'dns',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const results = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculateFromRaceFacts(facts);
+      
+      expect(results.has('user-123')).toBe(true);
+      expect(results.has('user-456')).toBe(true);
+      expect(results.has('user-789')).toBe(true);
+      
+      // user-123 should have positive delta
+      expect(results.get('user-123')!.delta).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      
+      // user-456 should have negative delta (poor position + incidents)
+      expect(results.get('user-456')!.delta).toBeLessThan(0);
+      
+      // user-789 should have negative delta (DNS)
+      expect(results.get('user-789')!.delta).toBeLessThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate SoF if not provided', () => {
+      const facts: DrivingRaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            // No sof provided
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-456',
+            startPos: 3,
+            finishPos: 8,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            // No sof provided
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const results = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculateFromRaceFacts(facts);
+      
+      // Should still calculate without errors
+      expect(results.size).toBe(2);
+      expect(results.get('user-123')!.events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty results array', () => {
+      const facts: DrivingRaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [],
+      };
+
+      const results = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculateFromRaceFacts(facts);
+      expect(results.size).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('calculate', () => {
+    it('should sum events with component weights', () => {
+      const events: RatingEvent[] = [
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-123',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(10),
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-123' },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN',
+            summary: 'Good finish',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-123',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(-5),
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-123' },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY',
+            summary: '1 incident',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculate(events);
+      
+      // Should apply weights: 10 * 0.5 + (-5) * 0.3 = 5 - 1.5 = 3.5
+      // Then normalized by total weight (1 + 1 = 2)
+      expect(result).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(result).toBeLessThan(5);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty events array', () => {
+      const result = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculate([]);
+      expect(result).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should apply reliability weight to penalty events', () => {
+      const events: RatingEvent[] = [
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-123',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(-15),
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-123' },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY',
+            summary: 'Did not start',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculate(events);
+      
+      // Should apply reliability weight (0.2)
+      expect(result).toBe(-15 * 0.2);
+    });
+
+    it('should normalize by total weight', () => {
+      const events: RatingEvent[] = [
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-123',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(20),
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-123' },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN',
+            summary: 'Test',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-123',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(-10),
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-123' },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY',
+            summary: 'Test',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculate(events);
+      
+      // 20 * 0.5 + (-10) * 0.2 = 10 - 2 = 8
+      // Normalized by (1 + 1) = 2
+      // Result = 8 / 2 = 4
+      expect(result).toBe(4);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle events with custom weights', () => {
+      const events: RatingEvent[] = [
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: 'user-123',
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(10),
+          weight: 2,
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-123' },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN',
+            summary: 'Test',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = DrivingRatingCalculator.calculate(events);
+      
+      // Should consider event weight
+      expect(result).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/services/DrivingRatingCalculator.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+import { RatingEvent } from '../entities/RatingEvent';
+import { DrivingReasonCode } from '../value-objects/DrivingReasonCode';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../value-objects/RatingDelta';
+
+/**
+ * Input DTO for driving rating calculation from race facts
+ */
+export interface DrivingRaceFactsDto {
+  raceId: string;
+  results: Array<{
+    userId: string;
+    startPos: number;
+    finishPos: number;
+    incidents: number;
+    status: 'finished' | 'dnf' | 'dns' | 'dsq' | 'afk';
+    sof?: number; // Optional: strength of field (platform ratings or external)
+  }>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Individual driver calculation result
+ */
+export interface DriverCalculationResult {
+  userId: string;
+  delta: number;
+  events: Array<{
+    reasonCode: string;
+    delta: number;
+    weight: number;
+    summary: string;
+    details: Record<string, unknown>;
+  }>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Domain Service: DrivingRatingCalculator
+ *
+ * Pure, stateless calculator for driving rating.
+ * Implements full logic per ratings-architecture-concept.md section 5.1.
+ *
+ * Key principles:
+ * - Performance: position vs field strength
+ * - Clean driving: incident penalties
+ * - Reliability: DNS/DNF/DSQ/AFK penalties
+ * - Weighted by event recency and confidence
+ */
+export class DrivingRatingCalculator {
+  // Weights for different components (sum to 1.0)
+  private static readonly PERFORMANCE_WEIGHT = 0.5;
+  private static readonly CLEAN_DRIVING_WEIGHT = 0.3;
+  private static readonly RELIABILITY_WEIGHT = 0.2;
+
+  // Penalty values for reliability issues
+  private static readonly DNS_PENALTY = -15;
+  private static readonly DNF_PENALTY = -10;
+  private static readonly DSQ_PENALTY = -25;
+  private static readonly AFK_PENALTY = -20;
+
+  // Incident penalty per incident
+  private static readonly INCIDENT_PENALTY = -5;
+  private static readonly MAJOR_INCIDENT_PENALTY = -15;
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate driving rating deltas from race facts
+   * Returns per-driver results with detailed event breakdown
+   */
+  static calculateFromRaceFacts(facts: DrivingRaceFactsDto): Map<string, DriverCalculationResult> {
+    const results = new Map<string, DriverCalculationResult>();
+
+    // Calculate field strength if not provided
+    const fieldStrength = facts.results.length > 0
+      ? (facts.results
+          .filter(r => r.status === 'finished')
+          .reduce((sum, r) => sum + (r.sof || this.estimateDriverRating(r.userId)), 0) /
+          Math.max(1, facts.results.filter(r => r.status === 'finished').length))
+      : 0;
+
+    for (const result of facts.results) {
+      const calculation = this.calculateDriverResult(result, fieldStrength, facts.results.length);
+      results.set(result.userId, calculation);
+    }
+
+    return results;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate delta from existing rating events (for snapshot recomputation)
+   * This is the "pure" calculation that sums weighted deltas
+   */
+  static calculate(events: RatingEvent[]): number {
+    if (events.length === 0) return 0;
+
+    // Group events by type and apply weights
+    let totalDelta = 0;
+    let performanceWeight = 0;
+    let cleanDrivingWeight = 0;
+    let reliabilityWeight = 0;
+
+    for (const event of events) {
+      const reasonCode = event.reason.code;
+      const delta = event.delta.value;
+      const weight = event.weight || 1;
+
+      let componentWeight = 1;
+
+      if (this.isPerformanceEvent(reasonCode)) {
+        componentWeight = this.PERFORMANCE_WEIGHT;
+        performanceWeight += weight;
+      } else if (this.isCleanDrivingEvent(reasonCode)) {
+        componentWeight = this.CLEAN_DRIVING_WEIGHT;
+        cleanDrivingWeight += weight;
+      } else if (this.isReliabilityEvent(reasonCode)) {
+        componentWeight = this.RELIABILITY_WEIGHT;
+        reliabilityWeight += weight;
+      }
+
+      // Apply component weight and event weight
+      totalDelta += delta * componentWeight * weight;
+    }
+
+    // Normalize by total weight to prevent inflation
+    const totalWeight = performanceWeight + cleanDrivingWeight + reliabilityWeight;
+    if (totalWeight > 0) {
+      totalDelta = totalDelta / totalWeight;
+    }
+
+    return Math.round(totalDelta * 100) / 100; // Round to 2 decimal places
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate result for a single driver
+   */
+  private static calculateDriverResult(
+    result: {
+      userId: string;
+      startPos: number;
+      finishPos: number;
+      incidents: number;
+      status: 'finished' | 'dnf' | 'dns' | 'dsq' | 'afk';
+      sof?: number;
+    },
+    fieldStrength: number,
+    totalDrivers: number
+  ): DriverCalculationResult {
+    const events: Array<{
+      reasonCode: string;
+      delta: number;
+      weight: number;
+      summary: string;
+      details: Record<string, unknown>;
+    }> = [];
+
+    let totalDelta = 0;
+
+    // 1. Performance calculation (only for finished races)
+    if (result.status === 'finished') {
+      const performanceDelta = this.calculatePerformanceDelta(
+        result.startPos,
+        result.finishPos,
+        fieldStrength,
+        totalDrivers
+      );
+
+      if (performanceDelta !== 0) {
+        events.push({
+          reasonCode: 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN',
+          delta: performanceDelta,
+          weight: 1,
+          summary: `Finished ${result.finishPos}${this.getOrdinalSuffix(result.finishPos)} in field of ${totalDrivers}`,
+          details: {
+            startPos: result.startPos,
+            finishPos: result.finishPos,
+            positionsGained: result.startPos - result.finishPos,
+            fieldStrength: fieldStrength,
+            totalDrivers: totalDrivers,
+          },
+        });
+        totalDelta += performanceDelta * this.PERFORMANCE_WEIGHT;
+
+        // Positions gained bonus
+        const positionsGained = result.startPos - result.finishPos;
+        if (positionsGained > 0) {
+          const gainBonus = Math.min(positionsGained * 2, 10);
+          events.push({
+            reasonCode: 'DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS',
+            delta: gainBonus,
+            weight: 0.5,
+            summary: `Gained ${positionsGained} positions`,
+            details: { positionsGained },
+          });
+          totalDelta += gainBonus * this.PERFORMANCE_WEIGHT * 0.5;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 2. Clean driving calculation
+    if (result.incidents > 0) {
+      const incidentPenalty = Math.min(result.incidents * this.INCIDENT_PENALTY, -30);
+      events.push({
+        reasonCode: 'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY',
+        delta: incidentPenalty,
+        weight: 1,
+        summary: `${result.incidents} incident${result.incidents > 1 ? 's' : ''}`,
+        details: { incidents: result.incidents },
+      });
+      totalDelta += incidentPenalty * this.CLEAN_DRIVING_WEIGHT;
+    }
+
+    // 3. Reliability calculation
+    if (result.status !== 'finished') {
+      let reliabilityDelta = 0;
+      let reasonCode = '';
+
+      switch (result.status) {
+        case 'dns':
+          reliabilityDelta = this.DNS_PENALTY;
+          reasonCode = 'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY';
+          break;
+        case 'dnf':
+          reliabilityDelta = this.DNF_PENALTY;
+          reasonCode = 'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY';
+          break;
+        case 'dsq':
+          reliabilityDelta = this.DSQ_PENALTY;
+          reasonCode = 'DRIVING_DSQ_PENALTY';
+          break;
+        case 'afk':
+          reliabilityDelta = this.AFK_PENALTY;
+          reasonCode = 'DRIVING_AFK_PENALTY';
+          break;
+      }
+
+      events.push({
+        reasonCode,
+        delta: reliabilityDelta,
+        weight: 1,
+        summary: this.getStatusSummary(result.status),
+        details: { status: result.status },
+      });
+      totalDelta += reliabilityDelta * this.RELIABILITY_WEIGHT;
+    }
+
+    // Normalize total delta by component weights
+    const componentsUsed = [
+      result.status === 'finished' ? 1 : 0,
+      result.incidents > 0 ? 1 : 0,
+      result.status !== 'finished' ? 1 : 0,
+    ].reduce((sum, val) => sum + val, 0);
+
+    if (componentsUsed > 0) {
+      // The totalDelta is already weighted, but we need to normalize
+      // to ensure the final result is within reasonable bounds
+      const maxPossible = 50; // Max positive
+      const minPossible = -50; // Max negative
+      totalDelta = Math.max(minPossible, Math.min(maxPossible, totalDelta));
+    }
+
+    return {
+      userId: result.userId,
+      delta: Math.round(totalDelta * 100) / 100,
+      events,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate performance delta based on position vs field strength
+   */
+  private static calculatePerformanceDelta(
+    startPos: number,
+    finishPos: number,
+    fieldStrength: number,
+    totalDrivers: number
+  ): number {
+    // Base performance score from position (reverse percentile)
+    // Higher position score = better performance
+    const positionScore = ((totalDrivers - finishPos + 1) / totalDrivers) * 100;
+
+    // Expected score (50th percentile baseline)
+    const expectedScore = 50;
+
+    // Field strength multiplier (higher = harder competition, bigger rewards)
+    // Normalize to 0.8-2.0 range
+    const fieldMultiplier = 0.8 + Math.min(fieldStrength / 2000, 1.2);
+
+    // Performance delta: how much better/worse than expected
+    let delta = (positionScore - expectedScore) * fieldMultiplier;
+
+    // Bonus for positions gained/lost
+    const positionsGained = startPos - finishPos;
+    delta += positionsGained * 2;
+
+    // Clamp to reasonable range
+    return Math.max(-30, Math.min(30, delta));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Estimate driver rating for SoF calculation
+   * This is a placeholder - in real implementation, would query user rating snapshot
+   */
+  private static estimateDriverRating(userId: string): number {
+    // Default rating for new drivers
+    return 50;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get ordinal suffix for position
+   */
+  private static getOrdinalSuffix(position: number): string {
+    const j = position % 10;
+    const k = position % 100;
+    if (j === 1 && k !== 11) return 'st';
+    if (j === 2 && k !== 12) return 'nd';
+    if (j === 3 && k !== 13) return 'rd';
+    return 'th';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get human-readable summary for status
+   */
+  private static getStatusSummary(status: 'finished' | 'dnf' | 'dns' | 'dsq' | 'afk'): string {
+    switch (status) {
+      case 'finished': return 'Race completed';
+      case 'dnf': return 'Did not finish';
+      case 'dns': return 'Did not start';
+      case 'dsq': return 'Disqualified';
+      case 'afk': return 'AFK / Not responsive';
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if reason code is performance-related
+   */
+  private static isPerformanceEvent(reasonCode: string): boolean {
+    return reasonCode === 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN' ||
+           reasonCode === 'DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS' ||
+           reasonCode === 'DRIVING_PACE_RELATIVE_GAIN';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if reason code is clean driving-related
+   */
+  private static isCleanDrivingEvent(reasonCode: string): boolean {
+    return reasonCode === 'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY' ||
+           reasonCode === 'DRIVING_MAJOR_CONTACT_PENALTY' ||
+           reasonCode === 'DRIVING_PENALTY_INVOLVEMENT_PENALTY';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if reason code is reliability-related
+   */
+  private static isReliabilityEvent(reasonCode: string): boolean {
+    return reasonCode === 'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY' ||
+           reasonCode === 'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY' ||
+           reasonCode === 'DRIVING_DSQ_PENALTY' ||
+           reasonCode === 'DRIVING_AFK_PENALTY' ||
+           reasonCode === 'DRIVING_SEASON_ATTENDANCE_BONUS';
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/services/EligibilityEvaluator.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for EligibilityEvaluator
+ */
+
+import { EligibilityEvaluator, RatingData } from './EligibilityEvaluator';
+import { EligibilityFilterDto } from '../../application/dtos/EligibilityFilterDto';
+
+describe('EligibilityEvaluator', () => {
+  let evaluator: EligibilityEvaluator;
+  
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    evaluator = new EligibilityEvaluator();
+  });
+
+  describe('DSL Parsing', () => {
+    it('should parse simple platform condition', () => {
+      const result = evaluator.parseDSL('platform.driving >= 55');
+      
+      expect(result.logicalOperator).toBe('AND');
+      expect(result.conditions).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.conditions[0]).toEqual({
+        target: 'platform',
+        dimension: 'driving',
+        operator: '>=',
+        expected: 55,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should parse simple external condition', () => {
+      const result = evaluator.parseDSL('external.iracing.iRating between 2000 2500');
+      
+      expect(result.conditions).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.conditions[0]).toEqual({
+        target: 'external',
+        game: 'iracing',
+        dimension: 'iRating',
+        operator: 'between',
+        expected: [2000, 2500],
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should parse AND conditions', () => {
+      const result = evaluator.parseDSL('platform.driving >= 55 AND external.iracing.iRating >= 2000');
+      
+      expect(result.logicalOperator).toBe('AND');
+      expect(result.conditions).toHaveLength(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should parse OR conditions', () => {
+      const result = evaluator.parseDSL('platform.driving >= 55 OR external.iracing.iRating between 2000 2500');
+      
+      expect(result.logicalOperator).toBe('OR');
+      expect(result.conditions).toHaveLength(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle all comparison operators', () => {
+      const operators = ['>=', '<=', '>', '<', '=', '!='];
+      
+      operators.forEach(op => {
+        const result = evaluator.parseDSL(`platform.driving ${op} 55`);
+        const condition = result.conditions[0];
+        expect(condition).toBeDefined();
+        if (condition) {
+          expect(condition.operator).toBe(op);
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should throw on invalid format', () => {
+      expect(() => evaluator.parseDSL('invalid format')).toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('should throw on mixed AND/OR', () => {
+      expect(() => evaluator.parseDSL('a >= 1 AND b >= 2 OR c >= 3')).toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Evaluation', () => {
+    const ratingData: RatingData = {
+      platform: {
+        driving: 65,
+        admin: 70,
+        trust: 80,
+      },
+      external: {
+        iracing: {
+          iRating: 2200,
+          safetyRating: 4.5,
+        },
+        assetto: {
+          rating: 85,
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    it('should evaluate simple platform condition - pass', () => {
+      const filter: EligibilityFilterDto = {
+        dsl: 'platform.driving >= 55',
+      };
+      
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(filter, ratingData);
+      
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.reasons).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.reasons[0].failed).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should evaluate simple platform condition - fail', () => {
+      const filter: EligibilityFilterDto = {
+        dsl: 'platform.driving >= 75',
+      };
+      
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(filter, ratingData);
+      
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.reasons[0].failed).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should evaluate external condition with between - pass', () => {
+      const filter: EligibilityFilterDto = {
+        dsl: 'external.iracing.iRating between 2000 2500',
+      };
+      
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(filter, ratingData);
+      
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.reasons[0].failed).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should evaluate external condition with between - fail', () => {
+      const filter: EligibilityFilterDto = {
+        dsl: 'external.iracing.iRating between 2500 3000',
+      };
+      
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(filter, ratingData);
+      
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.reasons[0].failed).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should evaluate AND conditions - all pass', () => {
+      const filter: EligibilityFilterDto = {
+        dsl: 'platform.driving >= 55 AND external.iracing.iRating >= 2000',
+      };
+      
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(filter, ratingData);
+      
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.reasons).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(result.reasons.every(r => !r.failed)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should evaluate AND conditions - one fails', () => {
+      const filter: EligibilityFilterDto = {
+        dsl: 'platform.driving >= 55 AND external.iracing.iRating >= 3000',
+      };
+      
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(filter, ratingData);
+      
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.reasons.some(r => r.failed)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should evaluate OR conditions - at least one passes', () => {
+      const filter: EligibilityFilterDto = {
+        dsl: 'platform.driving >= 75 OR external.iracing.iRating >= 2000',
+      };
+      
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(filter, ratingData);
+      
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.reasons.filter(r => !r.failed).length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should evaluate OR conditions - all fail', () => {
+      const filter: EligibilityFilterDto = {
+        dsl: 'platform.driving >= 75 OR external.iracing.iRating >= 3000',
+      };
+      
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(filter, ratingData);
+      
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.reasons.every(r => r.failed)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle missing data gracefully', () => {
+      const filter: EligibilityFilterDto = {
+        dsl: 'external.missing.value >= 100',
+      };
+      
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(filter, ratingData);
+      
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.reasons[0].failed).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.reasons[0].message).toContain('Missing data');
+    });
+
+    it('should include metadata with userId', () => {
+      const filter: EligibilityFilterDto = {
+        dsl: 'platform.driving >= 55',
+        context: { userId: 'user-123' },
+      };
+      
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(filter, ratingData);
+      
+      expect(result.metadata?.userId).toBe('user-123');
+      expect(result.metadata?.filter).toBe('platform.driving >= 55');
+    });
+
+    it('should provide explainable reasons', () => {
+      const filter: EligibilityFilterDto = {
+        dsl: 'platform.driving >= 75',
+      };
+      
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(filter, ratingData);
+      
+      expect(result.reasons[0]).toMatchObject({
+        target: 'platform.driving',
+        operator: '>=',
+        expected: 75,
+        actual: 65,
+        failed: true,
+        message: expect.stringContaining('Expected platform.driving >= 75, but got 65'),
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle all operators correctly', () => {
+      const testCases = [
+        { dsl: 'platform.driving >= 60', expected: true },
+        { dsl: 'platform.driving > 65', expected: false },
+        { dsl: 'platform.driving <= 70', expected: true },
+        { dsl: 'platform.driving < 65', expected: false },
+        { dsl: 'platform.driving = 65', expected: true },
+        { dsl: 'platform.driving != 65', expected: false },
+      ];
+      
+      testCases.forEach(({ dsl, expected }) => {
+        const result = evaluator.evaluate({ dsl }, ratingData);
+        expect(result.eligible).toBe(expected);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle decimal values', () => {
+      const filter: EligibilityFilterDto = {
+        dsl: 'external.iracing.safetyRating >= 4.0',
+      };
+      
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(filter, ratingData);
+      
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.reasons[0].actual).toBe(4.5);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Summary Generation', () => {
+    const ratingData: RatingData = {
+      platform: { driving: 65 },
+      external: { iracing: { iRating: 2200 } },
+    };
+
+    it('should generate summary for AND all pass', () => {
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(
+        { dsl: 'platform.driving >= 55 AND external.iracing.iRating >= 2000' },
+        ratingData
+      );
+      
+      expect(result.summary).toBe('Eligible: All conditions met (2/2)');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate summary for OR at least one pass', () => {
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(
+        { dsl: 'platform.driving >= 75 OR external.iracing.iRating >= 2000' },
+        ratingData
+      );
+      
+      expect(result.summary).toContain('Eligible: At least one condition met');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate summary for AND with failures', () => {
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(
+        { dsl: 'platform.driving >= 55 AND external.iracing.iRating >= 3000' },
+        ratingData
+      );
+      
+      expect(result.summary).toContain('Not eligible: 1 condition(s) failed');
+    });
+
+    it('should generate summary for OR all fail', () => {
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(
+        { dsl: 'platform.driving >= 75 OR external.iracing.iRating >= 3000' },
+        ratingData
+      );
+      
+      expect(result.summary).toContain('Not eligible: All conditions failed');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Error Handling', () => {
+    it('should handle parsing errors gracefully', () => {
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(
+        { dsl: 'invalid syntax here' },
+        { platform: {}, external: {} }
+      );
+      
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.reasons).toHaveLength(0);
+      expect(result.summary).toContain('Failed to evaluate filter');
+      expect(result.metadata?.error).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty DSL', () => {
+      const result = evaluator.evaluate(
+        { dsl: '' },
+        { platform: {}, external: {} }
+      );
+      
+      expect(result.eligible).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/services/EligibilityEvaluator.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+/**
+ * Service: EligibilityEvaluator
+ * 
+ * Pure domain service for DSL-based eligibility evaluation.
+ * Parses DSL expressions and evaluates them against rating data.
+ * Provides explainable results with detailed reasons.
+ */
+
+import { EvaluationResultDto, EvaluationReason } from '../../application/dtos/EvaluationResultDto';
+import { EligibilityFilterDto, ParsedEligibilityFilter, EligibilityCondition } from '../../application/dtos/EligibilityFilterDto';
+
+export interface RatingData {
+  platform: {
+    [dimension: string]: number;
+  };
+  external: {
+    [game: string]: {
+      [type: string]: number;
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+export class EligibilityEvaluator {
+  /**
+   * Main entry point: evaluate DSL against rating data
+   */
+  evaluate(filter: EligibilityFilterDto, ratingData: RatingData): EvaluationResultDto {
+    try {
+      const parsed = this.parseDSL(filter.dsl);
+      const reasons: EvaluationReason[] = [];
+      
+      // Evaluate each condition
+      for (const condition of parsed.conditions) {
+        const reason = this.evaluateCondition(condition, ratingData);
+        reasons.push(reason);
+      }
+      
+      // Determine overall eligibility based on logical operator
+      const eligible = parsed.logicalOperator === 'AND'
+        ? reasons.every(r => !r.failed)
+        : reasons.some(r => !r.failed);
+      
+      // Build summary
+      const summary = this.buildSummary(eligible, reasons, parsed.logicalOperator);
+      
+      const metadata: Record<string, unknown> = {
+        filter: filter.dsl,
+      };
+      
+      if (filter.context?.userId) {
+        metadata.userId = filter.context.userId;
+      }
+      
+      return {
+        eligible,
+        reasons,
+        summary,
+        evaluatedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+        metadata,
+      };
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Handle parsing errors
+      const errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown parsing error';
+      
+      const metadata: Record<string, unknown> = {
+        filter: filter.dsl,
+        error: errorMessage,
+      };
+      
+      if (filter.context?.userId) {
+        metadata.userId = filter.context.userId;
+      }
+      
+      return {
+        eligible: false,
+        reasons: [],
+        summary: `Failed to evaluate filter: ${errorMessage}`,
+        evaluatedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+        metadata,
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse DSL string into structured conditions
+   * Supports: platform.{dim} >= 55 OR external.{game}.{type} between 2000 2500
+   */
+  parseDSL(dsl: string): ParsedEligibilityFilter {
+    // Normalize and tokenize
+    const normalized = dsl.trim().replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
+    
+    // Determine logical operator
+    const hasOR = normalized.toUpperCase().includes(' OR ');
+    const hasAND = normalized.toUpperCase().includes(' AND ');
+    
+    if (hasOR && hasAND) {
+      throw new Error('Mixed AND/OR not supported. Use parentheses or separate filters.');
+    }
+    
+    const logicalOperator = hasOR ? 'OR' : 'AND';
+    const separator = hasOR ? ' OR ' : ' AND ';
+    
+    // Split into individual conditions
+    const conditionStrings = normalized.split(separator).map(s => s.trim());
+    
+    const conditions: EligibilityCondition[] = conditionStrings.map(str => {
+      return this.parseCondition(str);
+    });
+    
+    return {
+      conditions,
+      logicalOperator,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse a single condition string
+   * Examples:
+   * - "platform.driving >= 55"
+   * - "external.iracing.iRating between 2000 2500"
+   */
+  parseCondition(conditionStr: string): EligibilityCondition {
+    // Check for "between" operator
+    const betweenMatch = conditionStr.match(/^(.+?)\s+between\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+)$/i);
+    if (betweenMatch) {
+      const targetExpr = betweenMatch[1]?.trim();
+      const minStr = betweenMatch[2];
+      const maxStr = betweenMatch[3];
+      
+      if (!targetExpr || !minStr || !maxStr) {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid between condition: "${conditionStr}"`);
+      }
+      
+      const parsed = this.parseTargetExpression(targetExpr);
+      
+      return {
+        target: parsed.target,
+        dimension: parsed.dimension,
+        game: parsed.game,
+        operator: 'between',
+        expected: [parseFloat(minStr), parseFloat(maxStr)],
+      } as unknown as EligibilityCondition;
+    }
+    
+    // Check for comparison operators
+    const compareMatch = conditionStr.match(/^(.+?)\s*(>=|<=|>|<|=|!=)\s*(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)$/);
+    if (compareMatch) {
+      const targetExpr = compareMatch[1]?.trim();
+      const operator = compareMatch[2];
+      const valueStr = compareMatch[3];
+      
+      if (!targetExpr || !operator || !valueStr) {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid comparison condition: "${conditionStr}"`);
+      }
+      
+      const parsed = this.parseTargetExpression(targetExpr);
+      
+      return {
+        target: parsed.target,
+        dimension: parsed.dimension,
+        game: parsed.game,
+        operator: operator as EligibilityCondition['operator'],
+        expected: parseFloat(valueStr),
+      } as unknown as EligibilityCondition;
+    }
+    
+    throw new Error(`Invalid condition format: "${conditionStr}"`);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse target expression like "platform.driving" or "external.iracing.iRating"
+   */
+  private parseTargetExpression(expr: string): { target: 'platform' | 'external'; dimension?: string; game?: string } {
+    const parts = expr.split('.');
+    
+    if (parts[0] === 'platform') {
+      if (parts.length !== 2) {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid platform expression: "${expr}"`);
+      }
+      const dimension = parts[1];
+      if (!dimension) {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid platform expression: "${expr}"`);
+      }
+      return { target: 'platform', dimension };
+    }
+    
+    if (parts[0] === 'external') {
+      if (parts.length !== 3) {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid external expression: "${expr}"`);
+      }
+      const game = parts[1];
+      const dimension = parts[2];
+      if (!game || !dimension) {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid external expression: "${expr}"`);
+      }
+      return { target: 'external', game, dimension };
+    }
+    
+    throw new Error(`Unknown target: "${parts[0]}"`);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Evaluate a single condition against rating data
+   */
+  private evaluateCondition(condition: EligibilityCondition, ratingData: RatingData): EvaluationReason {
+    // Get actual value
+    let actual: number | undefined;
+    
+    if (condition.target === 'platform' && condition.dimension) {
+      actual = ratingData.platform[condition.dimension];
+    } else if (condition.target === 'external' && condition.game && condition.dimension) {
+      actual = ratingData.external[condition.game]?.[condition.dimension];
+    }
+    
+    // Handle missing data
+    if (actual === undefined || actual === null || isNaN(actual)) {
+      return {
+        target: condition.target === 'platform' 
+          ? `platform.${condition.dimension}`
+          : `external.${condition.game}.${condition.dimension}`,
+        operator: condition.operator,
+        expected: condition.expected,
+        actual: 0,
+        failed: true,
+        message: `Missing data for ${condition.target === 'platform' ? `platform dimension "${condition.dimension}"` : `external game "${condition.game}" type "${condition.dimension}"`}`,
+      };
+    }
+    
+    // Evaluate based on operator
+    let failed = false;
+    
+    switch (condition.operator) {
+      case '>=':
+        failed = actual < (condition.expected as number);
+        break;
+      case '<=':
+        failed = actual > (condition.expected as number);
+        break;
+      case '>':
+        failed = actual <= (condition.expected as number);
+        break;
+      case '<':
+        failed = actual >= (condition.expected as number);
+        break;
+      case '=':
+        failed = actual !== (condition.expected as number);
+        break;
+      case '!=':
+        failed = actual === (condition.expected as number);
+        break;
+      case 'between': {
+        const [min, max] = condition.expected as [number, number];
+        failed = actual < min || actual > max;
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        throw new Error(`Unknown operator: ${condition.operator}`);
+    }
+    
+    const targetStr = condition.target === 'platform' 
+      ? `platform.${condition.dimension}`
+      : `external.${condition.game}.${condition.dimension}`;
+    
+    const expectedStr = condition.operator === 'between'
+      ? `${(condition.expected as [number, number])[0]} to ${(condition.expected as [number, number])[1]}`
+      : `${condition.operator} ${condition.expected}`;
+    
+    return {
+      target: targetStr,
+      operator: condition.operator,
+      expected: condition.expected,
+      actual,
+      failed,
+      message: failed
+        ? `Expected ${targetStr} ${expectedStr}, but got ${actual}`
+        : `${targetStr} ${expectedStr} ✓`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build human-readable summary
+   */
+  private buildSummary(eligible: boolean, reasons: EvaluationReason[], operator: 'AND' | 'OR'): string {
+    const failedReasons = reasons.filter(r => r.failed);
+    
+    if (eligible) {
+      if (operator === 'OR') {
+        return `Eligible: At least one condition met (${reasons.filter(r => !r.failed).length}/${reasons.length})`;
+      }
+      return `Eligible: All conditions met (${reasons.length}/${reasons.length})`;
+    }
+    
+    if (operator === 'AND') {
+      return `Not eligible: ${failedReasons.length} condition(s) failed`;
+    }
+    
+    return `Not eligible: All conditions failed (${failedReasons.length}/${reasons.length})`;
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/services/RatingEventFactory.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+import { RatingEventFactory, RaceFactsDto } from './RatingEventFactory';
+
+describe('RatingEventFactory', () => {
+  describe('createFromRaceFinish', () => {
+    it('should create events from race finish data', () => {
+      const events = RatingEventFactory.createFromRaceFinish({
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        raceId: 'race-456',
+        position: 3,
+        totalDrivers: 10,
+        startPosition: 5,
+        incidents: 1,
+        fieldStrength: 2500,
+        status: 'finished',
+      });
+
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      const event = events[0];
+      expect(event).toBeDefined();
+      if (event) {
+        expect(event.userId).toBe('user-123');
+        expect(event.source.type).toBe('race');
+        expect(event.source.id).toBe('race-456');
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should create events for DNS status', () => {
+      const events = RatingEventFactory.createFromRaceFinish({
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        raceId: 'race-456',
+        position: 10,
+        totalDrivers: 10,
+        startPosition: 5,
+        incidents: 0,
+        fieldStrength: 2500,
+        status: 'dns',
+      });
+
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      const dnsEvent = events.find(e => e.reason.code.includes('DNS'));
+      expect(dnsEvent).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should create events for DNF status', () => {
+      const events = RatingEventFactory.createFromRaceFinish({
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        raceId: 'race-456',
+        position: 10,
+        totalDrivers: 10,
+        startPosition: 5,
+        incidents: 2,
+        fieldStrength: 2500,
+        status: 'dnf',
+      });
+
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      const dnfEvent = events.find(e => e.reason.code.includes('DNF'));
+      expect(dnfEvent).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should create events for DSQ status', () => {
+      const events = RatingEventFactory.createFromRaceFinish({
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        raceId: 'race-456',
+        position: 10,
+        totalDrivers: 10,
+        startPosition: 5,
+        incidents: 5,
+        fieldStrength: 2500,
+        status: 'dsq',
+      });
+
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      const dsqEvent = events.find(e => e.reason.code.includes('DSQ'));
+      expect(dsqEvent).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should create events for AFK status', () => {
+      const events = RatingEventFactory.createFromRaceFinish({
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        raceId: 'race-456',
+        position: 10,
+        totalDrivers: 10,
+        startPosition: 5,
+        incidents: 0,
+        fieldStrength: 2500,
+        status: 'afk',
+      });
+
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      const afkEvent = events.find(e => e.reason.code.includes('AFK'));
+      expect(afkEvent).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('createDrivingEventsFromRace', () => {
+    it('should create events for single driver with good performance', () => {
+      const raceFacts: RaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const eventsByUser = RatingEventFactory.createDrivingEventsFromRace(raceFacts);
+      
+      expect(eventsByUser.has('user-123')).toBe(true);
+      const events = eventsByUser.get('user-123')!;
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      
+      const performanceEvent = events.find(e => e.reason.code === 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN');
+      expect(performanceEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(performanceEvent?.delta.value).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should create events for multiple drivers', () => {
+      const raceFacts: RaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-456',
+            startPos: 3,
+            finishPos: 8,
+            incidents: 2,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-789',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 5,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'dns',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const eventsByUser = RatingEventFactory.createDrivingEventsFromRace(raceFacts);
+      
+      expect(eventsByUser.has('user-123')).toBe(true);
+      expect(eventsByUser.has('user-456')).toBe(true);
+      expect(eventsByUser.has('user-789')).toBe(true);
+      
+      // user-123 should have performance events
+      const user123Events = eventsByUser.get('user-123')!;
+      expect(user123Events.some(e => e.reason.code === 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN')).toBe(true);
+      
+      // user-456 should have incident penalty
+      const user456Events = eventsByUser.get('user-456')!;
+      expect(user456Events.some(e => e.reason.code === 'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY')).toBe(true);
+      
+      // user-789 should have DNS penalty
+      const user789Events = eventsByUser.get('user-789')!;
+      expect(user789Events.some(e => e.reason.code === 'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should create positions gained bonus', () => {
+      const raceFacts: RaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 10,
+            finishPos: 3,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const eventsByUser = RatingEventFactory.createDrivingEventsFromRace(raceFacts);
+      const events = eventsByUser.get('user-123')!;
+      
+      const gainEvent = events.find(e => e.reason.code === 'DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS');
+      expect(gainEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(gainEvent?.delta.value).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle DNF status', () => {
+      const raceFacts: RaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 10,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'dnf',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const eventsByUser = RatingEventFactory.createDrivingEventsFromRace(raceFacts);
+      const events = eventsByUser.get('user-123')!;
+      
+      const dnfEvent = events.find(e => e.reason.code === 'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY');
+      expect(dnfEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(dnfEvent?.delta.value).toBe(-10);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle DSQ status', () => {
+      const raceFacts: RaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 10,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'dsq',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const eventsByUser = RatingEventFactory.createDrivingEventsFromRace(raceFacts);
+      const events = eventsByUser.get('user-123')!;
+      
+      const dsqEvent = events.find(e => e.reason.code === 'DRIVING_DSQ_PENALTY');
+      expect(dsqEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(dsqEvent?.delta.value).toBe(-25);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle AFK status', () => {
+      const raceFacts: RaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 10,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'afk',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const eventsByUser = RatingEventFactory.createDrivingEventsFromRace(raceFacts);
+      const events = eventsByUser.get('user-123')!;
+      
+      const afkEvent = events.find(e => e.reason.code === 'DRIVING_AFK_PENALTY');
+      expect(afkEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(afkEvent?.delta.value).toBe(-20);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle incident penalties', () => {
+      const raceFacts: RaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 5,
+            incidents: 3,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const eventsByUser = RatingEventFactory.createDrivingEventsFromRace(raceFacts);
+      const events = eventsByUser.get('user-123')!;
+      
+      const incidentEvent = events.find(e => e.reason.code === 'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY');
+      expect(incidentEvent).toBeDefined();
+      expect(incidentEvent?.delta.value).toBeLessThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate SoF if not provided', () => {
+      const raceFacts: RaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            // No sof
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-456',
+            startPos: 3,
+            finishPos: 8,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'finished',
+            // No sof
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const eventsByUser = RatingEventFactory.createDrivingEventsFromRace(raceFacts);
+      
+      // Should still work without errors
+      expect(eventsByUser.size).toBe(2);
+      expect(eventsByUser.get('user-123')!.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty results', () => {
+      const raceFacts: RaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [],
+      };
+
+      const eventsByUser = RatingEventFactory.createDrivingEventsFromRace(raceFacts);
+      expect(eventsByUser.size).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle mixed statuses', () => {
+      const raceFacts: RaceFactsDto = {
+        raceId: 'race-123',
+        results: [
+          {
+            userId: 'user-123',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 2,
+            incidents: 1,
+            status: 'finished',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-456',
+            startPos: 3,
+            finishPos: 10,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'dnf',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+          {
+            userId: 'user-789',
+            startPos: 5,
+            finishPos: 5,
+            incidents: 0,
+            status: 'dns',
+            sof: 2500,
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const eventsByUser = RatingEventFactory.createDrivingEventsFromRace(raceFacts);
+      
+      expect(eventsByUser.size).toBe(3);
+      
+      // user-123: performance + incidents
+      const user123Events = eventsByUser.get('user-123')!;
+      expect(user123Events.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2);
+      
+      // user-456: DNF
+      const user456Events = eventsByUser.get('user-456')!;
+      expect(user456Events.some(e => e.reason.code === 'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY')).toBe(true);
+      
+      // user-789: DNS
+      const user789Events = eventsByUser.get('user-789')!;
+      expect(user789Events.some(e => e.reason.code === 'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY')).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('createFromPenalty', () => {
+    it('should create driving penalty event', () => {
+      const events = RatingEventFactory.createFromPenalty({
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        penaltyId: 'penalty-789',
+        penaltyType: 'incident',
+        severity: 'major',
+        reason: 'Caused collision',
+      });
+
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      const event = events[0];
+      expect(event).toBeDefined();
+      if (event) {
+        expect(event.dimension.value).toBe('driving');
+        expect(event.source.type).toBe('penalty');
+        expect(event.source.id).toBe('penalty-789');
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should create admin trust penalty event', () => {
+      const events = RatingEventFactory.createFromPenalty({
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        penaltyId: 'penalty-789',
+        penaltyType: 'admin_violation',
+        severity: 'major',
+        reason: 'Abuse of power',
+      });
+
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      const event = events[0];
+      expect(event).toBeDefined();
+      if (event) {
+        expect(event.dimension.value).toBe('adminTrust');
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('createFromVote', () => {
+    it('should create positive vote event', () => {
+      const events = RatingEventFactory.createFromVote({
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-101',
+        outcome: 'positive',
+        voteCount: 8,
+        eligibleVoterCount: 10,
+        percentPositive: 80,
+      });
+
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      const event = events[0];
+      expect(event).toBeDefined();
+      if (event) {
+        expect(event.dimension.value).toBe('adminTrust');
+        expect(event.delta.value).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should create negative vote event', () => {
+      const events = RatingEventFactory.createFromVote({
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        voteSessionId: 'vote-101',
+        outcome: 'negative',
+        voteCount: 2,
+        eligibleVoterCount: 10,
+        percentPositive: 20,
+      });
+
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      const event = events[0];
+      expect(event).toBeDefined();
+      if (event) {
+        expect(event.delta.value).toBeLessThan(0);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('createFromAdminAction', () => {
+    it('should create admin action bonus event', () => {
+      const events = RatingEventFactory.createFromAdminAction({
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        adminActionId: 'admin-202',
+        actionType: 'sla_response',
+        details: { responseTime: 30 },
+      });
+
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      const event = events[0];
+      expect(event).toBeDefined();
+      if (event) {
+        expect(event.dimension.value).toBe('adminTrust');
+        expect(event.delta.value).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should create admin action penalty event', () => {
+      const events = RatingEventFactory.createFromAdminAction({
+        userId: 'user-123',
+        adminActionId: 'admin-202',
+        actionType: 'abuse_report',
+        details: { validated: true },
+      });
+
+      expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      const event = events[0];
+      expect(event).toBeDefined();
+      if (event) {
+        expect(event.dimension.value).toBe('adminTrust');
+        expect(event.delta.value).toBeLessThan(0);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/services/RatingEventFactory.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,655 @@
+import { RatingEvent } from '../entities/RatingEvent';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../value-objects/RatingDelta';
+import { DrivingReasonCode } from '../value-objects/DrivingReasonCode';
+import { AdminTrustReasonCode } from '../value-objects/AdminTrustReasonCode';
+
+// Existing interfaces
+interface RaceFinishInput {
+  userId: string;
+  raceId: string;
+  position: number;
+  totalDrivers: number;
+  startPosition: number;
+  incidents: number;
+  fieldStrength: number;
+  status: 'finished' | 'dnf' | 'dns' | 'dsq' | 'afk';
+}
+
+interface PenaltyInput {
+  userId: string;
+  penaltyId: string;
+  penaltyType: 'incident' | 'admin_violation';
+  severity: 'minor' | 'major';
+  reason: string;
+}
+
+interface VoteInput {
+  userId: string;
+  voteSessionId: string;
+  outcome: 'positive' | 'negative';
+  voteCount: number;
+  eligibleVoterCount: number;
+  percentPositive: number;
+}
+
+interface AdminActionInput {
+  userId: string;
+  adminActionId: string;
+  actionType: 'sla_response' | 'abuse_report' | 'rule_clarity';
+  details: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+// NEW: Enhanced interface for race facts (per plans section 5.1.2)
+export interface RaceFactsDto {
+  raceId: string;
+  results: Array<{
+    userId: string;
+    startPos: number;
+    finishPos: number;
+    incidents: number;
+    status: 'finished' | 'dnf' | 'dns' | 'dsq' | 'afk';
+    sof?: number; // Optional strength of field
+  }>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Domain Service: RatingEventFactory
+ *
+ * Pure, stateless factory that turns domain facts into rating events.
+ * Follows the pattern of creating immutable entities from business facts.
+ * Enhanced to support full driving event taxonomy from plans.
+ */
+export class RatingEventFactory {
+  /**
+   * Create rating events from race finish data
+   * Handles performance, clean driving, and reliability dimensions
+   */
+  static createFromRaceFinish(input: RaceFinishInput): RatingEvent[] {
+    const events: RatingEvent[] = [];
+    const now = new Date();
+
+    // Performance events (only for finished races)
+    if (input.status === 'finished') {
+      const performanceDelta = this.calculatePerformanceDelta(
+        input.position,
+        input.totalDrivers,
+        input.startPosition,
+        input.fieldStrength
+      );
+
+      if (performanceDelta !== 0) {
+        events.push(
+          RatingEvent.create({
+            id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+            userId: input.userId,
+            dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+            delta: RatingDelta.create(performanceDelta),
+            weight: 1,
+            occurredAt: now,
+            createdAt: now,
+            source: { type: 'race', id: input.raceId },
+            reason: {
+              code: 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN',
+              summary: `Finished ${input.position}${this.getOrdinalSuffix(input.position)} in field of ${input.totalDrivers}`,
+              details: {
+                position: input.position,
+                totalDrivers: input.totalDrivers,
+                startPosition: input.startPosition,
+                fieldStrength: input.fieldStrength,
+                positionsGained: input.startPosition - input.position,
+              },
+            },
+            visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+            version: 1,
+          })
+        );
+      }
+
+      // Positions gained bonus
+      const positionsGained = input.startPosition - input.position;
+      if (positionsGained > 0) {
+        const gainBonus = Math.min(positionsGained * 2, 10); // Max 10 points
+        events.push(
+          RatingEvent.create({
+            id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+            userId: input.userId,
+            dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+            delta: RatingDelta.create(gainBonus),
+            weight: 0.5,
+            occurredAt: now,
+            createdAt: now,
+            source: { type: 'race', id: input.raceId },
+            reason: {
+              code: 'DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS',
+              summary: `Gained ${positionsGained} positions`,
+              details: { positionsGained },
+            },
+            visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+            version: 1,
+          })
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Clean driving penalty (incidents)
+    if (input.incidents > 0) {
+      const incidentPenalty = Math.min(input.incidents * 5, 30); // Max 30 points penalty
+      events.push(
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: input.userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(-incidentPenalty),
+          weight: 1,
+          occurredAt: now,
+          createdAt: now,
+          source: { type: 'race', id: input.raceId },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY',
+            summary: `${input.incidents} incident${input.incidents > 1 ? 's' : ''}`,
+            details: { incidents: input.incidents },
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        })
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Reliability penalties
+    if (input.status === 'dns') {
+      events.push(
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: input.userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(-15),
+          weight: 1,
+          occurredAt: now,
+          createdAt: now,
+          source: { type: 'race', id: input.raceId },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY',
+            summary: 'Did not start',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        })
+      );
+    } else if (input.status === 'dnf') {
+      events.push(
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: input.userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(-10),
+          weight: 1,
+          occurredAt: now,
+          createdAt: now,
+          source: { type: 'race', id: input.raceId },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY',
+            summary: 'Did not finish',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        })
+      );
+    } else if (input.status === 'dsq') {
+      events.push(
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: input.userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(-25),
+          weight: 1,
+          occurredAt: now,
+          createdAt: now,
+          source: { type: 'race', id: input.raceId },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'DRIVING_DSQ_PENALTY',
+            summary: 'Disqualified',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        })
+      );
+    } else if (input.status === 'afk') {
+      events.push(
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: input.userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(-20),
+          weight: 1,
+          occurredAt: now,
+          createdAt: now,
+          source: { type: 'race', id: input.raceId },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'DRIVING_AFK_PENALTY',
+            summary: 'AFK / Not responsive',
+            details: {},
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        })
+      );
+    }
+
+    return events;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * NEW: Create rating events from race facts DTO
+   * Supports multiple drivers and full event taxonomy
+   * Returns a map of userId to events for efficient processing
+   */
+  static createDrivingEventsFromRace(raceFacts: RaceFactsDto): Map<string, RatingEvent[]> {
+    const eventsByUser = new Map<string, RatingEvent[]>();
+    const now = new Date();
+
+    // Calculate field strength if not provided in all results
+    const hasSof = raceFacts.results.some(r => r.sof !== undefined);
+    let fieldStrength = 0;
+    
+    if (hasSof) {
+      const sofResults = raceFacts.results.filter(r => r.sof !== undefined);
+      fieldStrength = sofResults.reduce((sum, r) => sum + r.sof!, 0) / sofResults.length;
+    } else {
+      // Use average of finished positions as proxy
+      const finishedResults = raceFacts.results.filter(r => r.status === 'finished');
+      if (finishedResults.length > 0) {
+        fieldStrength = finishedResults.reduce((sum, r) => sum + (r.finishPos * 100), 0) / finishedResults.length;
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const result of raceFacts.results) {
+      const events: RatingEvent[] = [];
+
+      // 1. Performance events (only for finished races)
+      if (result.status === 'finished') {
+        const performanceDelta = this.calculatePerformanceDelta(
+          result.finishPos,
+          raceFacts.results.length,
+          result.startPos,
+          fieldStrength
+        );
+
+        if (performanceDelta !== 0) {
+          events.push(
+            RatingEvent.create({
+              id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+              userId: result.userId,
+              dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+              delta: RatingDelta.create(performanceDelta),
+              weight: 1,
+              occurredAt: now,
+              createdAt: now,
+              source: { type: 'race', id: raceFacts.raceId },
+              reason: {
+                code: DrivingReasonCode.create('DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN').value,
+                summary: `Finished ${result.finishPos}${this.getOrdinalSuffix(result.finishPos)} in field of ${raceFacts.results.length}`,
+                details: {
+                  startPos: result.startPos,
+                  finishPos: result.finishPos,
+                  positionsGained: result.startPos - result.finishPos,
+                  fieldStrength: fieldStrength,
+                  totalDrivers: raceFacts.results.length,
+                },
+              },
+              visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+              version: 1,
+            })
+          );
+        }
+
+        // Positions gained bonus
+        const positionsGained = result.startPos - result.finishPos;
+        if (positionsGained > 0) {
+          const gainBonus = Math.min(positionsGained * 2, 10);
+          events.push(
+            RatingEvent.create({
+              id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+              userId: result.userId,
+              dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+              delta: RatingDelta.create(gainBonus),
+              weight: 0.5,
+              occurredAt: now,
+              createdAt: now,
+              source: { type: 'race', id: raceFacts.raceId },
+              reason: {
+                code: DrivingReasonCode.create('DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS').value,
+                summary: `Gained ${positionsGained} positions`,
+                details: { positionsGained },
+              },
+              visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+              version: 1,
+            })
+          );
+        }
+      }
+
+      // 2. Clean driving penalty (incidents)
+      if (result.incidents > 0) {
+        const incidentPenalty = Math.min(result.incidents * 5, 30);
+        events.push(
+          RatingEvent.create({
+            id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+            userId: result.userId,
+            dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+            delta: RatingDelta.create(-incidentPenalty),
+            weight: 1,
+            occurredAt: now,
+            createdAt: now,
+            source: { type: 'race', id: raceFacts.raceId },
+            reason: {
+              code: DrivingReasonCode.create('DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY').value,
+              summary: `${result.incidents} incident${result.incidents > 1 ? 's' : ''}`,
+              details: { incidents: result.incidents },
+            },
+            visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+            version: 1,
+          })
+        );
+      }
+
+      // 3. Reliability penalties
+      if (result.status !== 'finished') {
+        let penaltyDelta = 0;
+        let reasonCode: DrivingReasonCodeValue;
+
+        switch (result.status) {
+          case 'dns':
+            penaltyDelta = -15;
+            reasonCode = 'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY';
+            break;
+          case 'dnf':
+            penaltyDelta = -10;
+            reasonCode = 'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY';
+            break;
+          case 'dsq':
+            penaltyDelta = -25;
+            reasonCode = 'DRIVING_DSQ_PENALTY';
+            break;
+          case 'afk':
+            penaltyDelta = -20;
+            reasonCode = 'DRIVING_AFK_PENALTY';
+            break;
+          default:
+            continue; // Skip unknown statuses
+        }
+
+        events.push(
+          RatingEvent.create({
+            id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+            userId: result.userId,
+            dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+            delta: RatingDelta.create(penaltyDelta),
+            weight: 1,
+            occurredAt: now,
+            createdAt: now,
+            source: { type: 'race', id: raceFacts.raceId },
+            reason: {
+              code: DrivingReasonCode.create(reasonCode).value,
+              summary: this.getStatusSummary(result.status),
+              details: { status: result.status },
+            },
+            visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+            version: 1,
+          })
+        );
+      }
+
+      if (events.length > 0) {
+        eventsByUser.set(result.userId, events);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return eventsByUser;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create rating events from penalty data
+   */
+  static createFromPenalty(input: PenaltyInput): RatingEvent[] {
+    const now = new Date();
+    const events: RatingEvent[] = [];
+
+    if (input.penaltyType === 'incident') {
+      const delta = input.severity === 'major' ? -15 : -5;
+      events.push(
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: input.userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(delta),
+          weight: 1,
+          occurredAt: now,
+          createdAt: now,
+          source: { type: 'penalty', id: input.penaltyId },
+          reason: {
+            code: DrivingReasonCode.create('DRIVING_PENALTY_INVOLVEMENT_PENALTY').value,
+            summary: input.reason,
+            details: { severity: input.severity, type: input.penaltyType },
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        })
+      );
+    } else if (input.penaltyType === 'admin_violation') {
+      const delta = input.severity === 'major' ? -20 : -10;
+      events.push(
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: input.userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(delta),
+          weight: 1,
+          occurredAt: now,
+          createdAt: now,
+          source: { type: 'penalty', id: input.penaltyId },
+          reason: {
+            code: 'ADMIN_ACTION_ABUSE_REPORT_PENALTY',
+            summary: input.reason,
+            details: { severity: input.severity, type: input.penaltyType },
+          },
+          visibility: { public: false, redactedFields: ['reason.summary', 'reason.details'] },
+          version: 1,
+        })
+      );
+    }
+
+    return events;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create rating events from vote outcome
+   */
+  static createFromVote(input: VoteInput): RatingEvent[] {
+    const now = new Date();
+    const events: RatingEvent[] = [];
+
+    // Calculate delta based on vote outcome
+    // Scale: -20 to +20 based on percentage
+    let delta: number;
+    if (input.outcome === 'positive') {
+      delta = Math.round((input.percentPositive / 100) * 20); // 0 to +20
+    } else {
+      delta = -Math.round(((100 - input.percentPositive) / 100) * 20); // -20 to 0
+    }
+
+    if (delta !== 0) {
+      const reasonCode = input.outcome === 'positive'
+        ? AdminTrustReasonCode.create('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE').value
+        : AdminTrustReasonCode.create('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_NEGATIVE').value;
+
+      events.push(
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: input.userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(delta),
+          weight: input.voteCount, // Weight by number of votes
+          occurredAt: now,
+          createdAt: now,
+          source: { type: 'vote', id: input.voteSessionId },
+          reason: {
+            code: reasonCode,
+            summary: `Vote outcome: ${input.percentPositive}% positive (${input.voteCount}/${input.eligibleVoterCount})`,
+            details: {
+              voteCount: input.voteCount,
+              eligibleVoterCount: input.eligibleVoterCount,
+              percentPositive: input.percentPositive,
+            },
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        })
+      );
+    }
+
+    return events;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create rating events from admin action
+   */
+  static createFromAdminAction(input: AdminActionInput): RatingEvent[] {
+    const now = new Date();
+    const events: RatingEvent[] = [];
+
+    if (input.actionType === 'sla_response') {
+      events.push(
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: input.userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+          weight: 1,
+          occurredAt: now,
+          createdAt: now,
+          source: { type: 'adminAction', id: input.adminActionId },
+          reason: {
+            code: AdminTrustReasonCode.create('ADMIN_ACTION_SLA_BONUS').value,
+            summary: 'Timely response to admin task',
+            details: input.details,
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        })
+      );
+    } else if (input.actionType === 'abuse_report') {
+      events.push(
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: input.userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(-15),
+          weight: 1,
+          occurredAt: now,
+          createdAt: now,
+          source: { type: 'adminAction', id: input.adminActionId },
+          reason: {
+            code: AdminTrustReasonCode.create('ADMIN_ACTION_ABUSE_REPORT_PENALTY').value,
+            summary: 'Validated abuse report',
+            details: input.details,
+          },
+          visibility: { public: false, redactedFields: ['reason.summary', 'reason.details'] },
+          version: 1,
+        })
+      );
+    } else if (input.actionType === 'rule_clarity') {
+      events.push(
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: input.userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(3),
+          weight: 1,
+          occurredAt: now,
+          createdAt: now,
+          source: { type: 'adminAction', id: input.adminActionId },
+          reason: {
+            code: AdminTrustReasonCode.create('ADMIN_ACTION_RULE_CLARITY_BONUS').value,
+            summary: 'Published clear rules/changes',
+            details: input.details,
+          },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        })
+      );
+    }
+
+    return events;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate performance delta based on position and field strength
+   */
+  private static calculatePerformanceDelta(
+    position: number,
+    totalDrivers: number,
+    startPosition: number,
+    fieldStrength: number
+  ): number {
+    // Base score from position (reverse percentile)
+    const positionScore = ((totalDrivers - position + 1) / totalDrivers) * 100;
+
+    // Bonus for positions gained
+    const positionsGained = startPosition - position;
+    const gainBonus = Math.max(0, positionsGained * 2);
+
+    // Field strength multiplier (higher field strength = harder competition)
+    // Normalize field strength to 0.8-1.2 range
+    const fieldMultiplier = 0.8 + Math.min(fieldStrength / 10000, 0.4);
+
+    const rawScore = (positionScore + gainBonus) * fieldMultiplier;
+
+    // Convert to delta (range -50 to +50)
+    // 50th percentile = 0, top = +50, bottom = -50
+    return Math.round(rawScore - 50);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get ordinal suffix for position
+   */
+  private static getOrdinalSuffix(position: number): string {
+    const j = position % 10;
+    const k = position % 100;
+    if (j === 1 && k !== 11) return 'st';
+    if (j === 2 && k !== 12) return 'nd';
+    if (j === 3 && k !== 13) return 'rd';
+    return 'th';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get human-readable summary for status
+   */
+  private static getStatusSummary(status: 'finished' | 'dnf' | 'dns' | 'dsq' | 'afk'): string {
+    switch (status) {
+      case 'finished': return 'Race completed';
+      case 'dnf': return 'Did not finish';
+      case 'dns': return 'Did not start';
+      case 'dsq': return 'Disqualified';
+      case 'afk': return 'AFK / Not responsive';
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Type export for convenience
+export type DrivingReasonCodeValue =
+  | 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN'
+  | 'DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS'
+  | 'DRIVING_PACE_RELATIVE_GAIN'
+  | 'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY'
+  | 'DRIVING_MAJOR_CONTACT_PENALTY'
+  | 'DRIVING_PENALTY_INVOLVEMENT_PENALTY'
+  | 'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY'
+  | 'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY'
+  | 'DRIVING_DSQ_PENALTY'
+  | 'DRIVING_AFK_PENALTY'
+  | 'DRIVING_SEASON_ATTENDANCE_BONUS';

core/identity/domain/services/RatingSnapshotCalculator.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import { RatingSnapshotCalculator } from './RatingSnapshotCalculator';
+import { RatingEvent } from '../entities/RatingEvent';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../value-objects/RatingDelta';
+
+describe('RatingSnapshotCalculator', () => {
+  describe('calculate', () => {
+    it('should return stub implementation with basic snapshot', () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+      const events: RatingEvent[] = [
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(10),
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-123' },
+          reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = RatingSnapshotCalculator.calculate(userId, events);
+      
+      // Stub returns a UserRating with updated driver dimension
+      expect(result.userId).toBe(userId);
+      expect(result.driver.value).toBeGreaterThan(50); // Should have increased
+      expect(result.driver.sampleSize).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty events array', () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+      const result = RatingSnapshotCalculator.calculate(userId, []);
+      
+      expect(result.userId).toBe(userId);
+      expect(result.driver.sampleSize).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle multiple dimensions', () => {
+      const userId = 'user-123';
+      const events: RatingEvent[] = [
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(10),
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'race', id: 'race-123' },
+          reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(5),
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'vote', id: 'vote-123' },
+          reason: { code: 'TEST', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const result = RatingSnapshotCalculator.calculate(userId, events);
+      
+      expect(result.driver.value).toBeGreaterThan(50);
+      expect(result.admin.value).toBeGreaterThan(50);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/services/RatingSnapshotCalculator.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import { UserRating } from '../value-objects/UserRating';
+import { RatingEvent } from '../entities/RatingEvent';
+
+/**
+ * Domain Service: RatingSnapshotCalculator
+ * 
+ * Pure, stateless calculator that derives a UserRating snapshot from events.
+ * STUB IMPLEMENTATION - will be evolved in future slices.
+ */
+export class RatingSnapshotCalculator {
+  /**
+   * Calculate UserRating snapshot from events
+   * 
+   * STUB: Currently creates a basic snapshot by summing deltas per dimension.
+   * Future: Will implement:
+   * - Confidence calculation based on sample size
+   * - Trend detection from recent events
+   * - Exponential moving averages
+   * - Calculator version tracking
+   */
+  static calculate(userId: string, events: RatingEvent[]): UserRating {
+    // Start with default UserRating
+    let snapshot = UserRating.create(userId);
+
+    // Group events by dimension
+    const eventsByDimension = events.reduce((acc, event) => {
+      const dimension = event.dimension.value;
+      if (!acc[dimension]) acc[dimension] = [];
+      acc[dimension].push(event);
+      return acc;
+    }, {} as Record<string, RatingEvent[]>);
+
+    // Apply events to each dimension
+    for (const [dimension, dimensionEvents] of Object.entries(eventsByDimension)) {
+      const totalDelta = dimensionEvents.reduce((sum, e) => sum + e.delta.value, 0);
+      const sampleSize = dimensionEvents.length;
+      
+      // Calculate new value (base 50 + delta)
+      const newValue = Math.max(0, Math.min(100, 50 + totalDelta));
+
+      // Update the appropriate dimension
+      if (dimension === 'driving') {
+        snapshot = snapshot.updateDriverRating(newValue, sampleSize);
+      } else if (dimension === 'adminTrust') {
+        snapshot = snapshot.updateAdminRating(newValue, sampleSize);
+      } else if (dimension === 'stewardTrust') {
+        snapshot = snapshot.updateStewardRating(newValue, sampleSize);
+      } else if (dimension === 'broadcasterTrust') {
+        // Future dimension - would need to add to UserRating
+        // For now, skip
+      }
+    }
+
+    return snapshot;
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/services/RatingUpdateService.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { RatingUpdateService } from './RatingUpdateService';
+import type { IUserRatingRepository } from '../repositories/IUserRatingRepository';
+import type { IRatingEventRepository } from '../repositories/IRatingEventRepository';
+import { UserRating } from '../value-objects/UserRating';
+import { RatingEvent } from '../entities/RatingEvent';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../value-objects/RatingDelta';
+
+describe('RatingUpdateService - Slice 7 Evolution', () => {
+  let service: RatingUpdateService;
+  let userRatingRepository: any;
+  let ratingEventRepository: any;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    userRatingRepository = {
+      findByUserId: vi.fn(),
+      save: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    ratingEventRepository = {
+      save: vi.fn(),
+      getAllByUserId: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    service = new RatingUpdateService(userRatingRepository, ratingEventRepository);
+  });
+
+  describe('recordRaceRatingEvents - Ledger-based approach', () => {
+    it('should record race events and update snapshots', async () => {
+      const raceId = 'race-123';
+      const raceResults = [
+        {
+          userId: 'driver-1',
+          startPos: 5,
+          finishPos: 2,
+          incidents: 1,
+          status: 'finished' as const,
+        },
+        {
+          userId: 'driver-2',
+          startPos: 3,
+          finishPos: 1,
+          incidents: 0,
+          status: 'finished' as const,
+        },
+      ];
+
+      // Mock repositories
+      ratingEventRepository.save.mockImplementation((event: RatingEvent) => Promise.resolve(event));
+      ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId.mockImplementation((userId: string) => {
+        // Return mock events based on user
+        if (userId === 'driver-1') {
+          return Promise.resolve([
+            RatingEvent.create({
+              id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+              userId: 'driver-1',
+              dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+              delta: RatingDelta.create(15),
+              weight: 1,
+              occurredAt: new Date(),
+              createdAt: new Date(),
+              source: { type: 'race', id: raceId },
+              reason: { code: 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+              visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+              version: 1,
+            }),
+          ]);
+        }
+        return Promise.resolve([
+          RatingEvent.create({
+            id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+            userId: 'driver-2',
+            dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('driving'),
+            delta: RatingDelta.create(20),
+            weight: 1,
+            occurredAt: new Date(),
+            createdAt: new Date(),
+            source: { type: 'race', id: raceId },
+            reason: { code: 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+            visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+            version: 1,
+          }),
+        ]);
+      });
+
+      userRatingRepository.save.mockImplementation((rating: UserRating) => Promise.resolve(rating));
+
+      const result = await service.recordRaceRatingEvents(raceId, raceResults);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(result.driversUpdated).toEqual(['driver-1', 'driver-2']);
+      
+      // Verify events were saved
+      expect(ratingEventRepository.save).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      
+      // Verify snapshots were recomputed
+      expect(ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId).toHaveBeenCalledWith('driver-1');
+      expect(ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId).toHaveBeenCalledWith('driver-2');
+      expect(userRatingRepository.save).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty race results gracefully', async () => {
+      const result = await service.recordRaceRatingEvents('race-123', []);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.driversUpdated).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('should return failure on repository errors', async () => {
+      ratingEventRepository.save.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Database error'));
+
+      const result = await service.recordRaceRatingEvents('race-123', [
+        {
+          userId: 'driver-1',
+          startPos: 5,
+          finishPos: 2,
+          incidents: 1,
+          status: 'finished' as const,
+        },
+      ]);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBe(0);
+      expect(result.driversUpdated).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle DNF status correctly', async () => {
+      const raceResults = [
+        {
+          userId: 'driver-1',
+          startPos: 5,
+          finishPos: 10,
+          incidents: 2,
+          status: 'dnf' as const,
+        },
+      ];
+
+      ratingEventRepository.save.mockImplementation((event: RatingEvent) => Promise.resolve(event));
+      ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId.mockResolvedValue([]);
+      userRatingRepository.save.mockImplementation((rating: UserRating) => Promise.resolve(rating));
+
+      const result = await service.recordRaceRatingEvents('race-123', raceResults);
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.eventsCreated).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      
+      // Verify DNF penalty event was created
+      const savedEvents = ratingEventRepository.save.mock.calls.map(call => call[0]);
+      const hasDnfPenalty = savedEvents.some((event: any) => 
+        event.reason.code === 'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY'
+      );
+      expect(hasDnfPenalty).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('updateDriverRatingsAfterRace - Backward compatibility', () => {
+    it('should delegate to new ledger-based approach', async () => {
+      const driverResults = [
+        {
+          driverId: 'driver-1',
+          position: 2,
+          totalDrivers: 10,
+          incidents: 1,
+          startPosition: 5,
+        },
+      ];
+
+      // Mock the new method to succeed
+      const recordSpy = vi.spyOn(service, 'recordRaceRatingEvents').mockResolvedValue({
+        success: true,
+        eventsCreated: 2,
+        driversUpdated: ['driver-1'],
+      });
+
+      await service.updateDriverRatingsAfterRace(driverResults);
+
+      expect(recordSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      
+      recordSpy.mockRestore();
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error when ledger approach fails', async () => {
+      const driverResults = [
+        {
+          driverId: 'driver-1',
+          position: 2,
+          totalDrivers: 10,
+          incidents: 1,
+          startPosition: 5,
+        },
+      ];
+
+      // Mock the new method to fail
+      const recordSpy = vi.spyOn(service, 'recordRaceRatingEvents').mockResolvedValue({
+        success: false,
+        eventsCreated: 0,
+        driversUpdated: [],
+      });
+
+      await expect(service.updateDriverRatingsAfterRace(driverResults)).rejects.toThrow(
+        'Failed to update ratings via event system'
+      );
+      
+      recordSpy.mockRestore();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('updateTrustScore - Ledger-based', () => {
+    it('should create trust event and update snapshot', async () => {
+      const userId = 'user-1';
+      const trustChange = 10;
+
+      ratingEventRepository.save.mockImplementation((event: RatingEvent) => Promise.resolve(event));
+      ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId.mockResolvedValue([
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: userId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(10),
+          weight: 1,
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'manualAdjustment', id: 'trust-test' },
+          reason: { code: 'TRUST_BONUS', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ]);
+      userRatingRepository.save.mockImplementation((rating: UserRating) => Promise.resolve(rating));
+
+      await service.updateTrustScore(userId, trustChange);
+
+      expect(ratingEventRepository.save).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(userRatingRepository.save).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle negative trust changes', async () => {
+      const userId = 'user-1';
+      const trustChange = -5;
+
+      ratingEventRepository.save.mockImplementation((event: RatingEvent) => Promise.resolve(event));
+      ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId.mockResolvedValue([]);
+      userRatingRepository.save.mockImplementation((rating: UserRating) => Promise.resolve(rating));
+
+      await service.updateTrustScore(userId, trustChange);
+
+      const savedEvent = ratingEventRepository.save.mock.calls[0][0];
+      expect(savedEvent.reason.code).toBe('TRUST_PENALTY');
+      expect(savedEvent.delta.value).toBe(-5);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('updateStewardRating - Ledger-based', () => {
+    it('should create steward event and update snapshot', async () => {
+      const stewardId = 'steward-1';
+      const ratingChange = 8;
+
+      ratingEventRepository.save.mockImplementation((event: RatingEvent) => Promise.resolve(event));
+      ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId.mockResolvedValue([
+        RatingEvent.create({
+          id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+          userId: stewardId,
+          dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+          delta: RatingDelta.create(8),
+          weight: 1,
+          occurredAt: new Date(),
+          createdAt: new Date(),
+          source: { type: 'manualAdjustment', id: 'steward-test' },
+          reason: { code: 'STEWARD_BONUS', summary: 'Test', details: {} },
+          visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+          version: 1,
+        }),
+      ]);
+      userRatingRepository.save.mockImplementation((rating: UserRating) => Promise.resolve(rating));
+
+      await service.updateStewardRating(stewardId, ratingChange);
+
+      expect(ratingEventRepository.save).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(userRatingRepository.save).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle negative steward rating changes', async () => {
+      const stewardId = 'steward-1';
+      const ratingChange = -3;
+
+      ratingEventRepository.save.mockImplementation((event: RatingEvent) => Promise.resolve(event));
+      ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId.mockResolvedValue([]);
+      userRatingRepository.save.mockImplementation((rating: UserRating) => Promise.resolve(rating));
+
+      await service.updateStewardRating(stewardId, ratingChange);
+
+      const savedEvent = ratingEventRepository.save.mock.calls[0][0];
+      expect(savedEvent.reason.code).toBe('STEWARD_PENALTY');
+      expect(savedEvent.delta.value).toBe(-3);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/services/RatingUpdateService.ts

@@ -1,22 +1,88 @@
 import type { IDomainService } from '@core/shared/domain';
 import type { IUserRatingRepository } from '../repositories/IUserRatingRepository';
-import { UserRating } from '../value-objects/UserRating';
+import type { IRatingEventRepository } from '../repositories/IRatingEventRepository';
+import { RatingEventFactory } from './RatingEventFactory';
+import { RatingSnapshotCalculator } from './RatingSnapshotCalculator';
+import { RatingEvent } from '../entities/RatingEvent';
+import { RatingEventId } from '../value-objects/RatingEventId';
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from '../value-objects/RatingDimensionKey';
+import { RatingDelta } from '../value-objects/RatingDelta';
 
 /**
  * Domain Service: RatingUpdateService
  *
  * Handles updating user ratings based on various events and performance metrics.
  * Centralizes rating calculation logic and ensures consistency across the system.
+ *
+ * EVOLVED (Slice 7): Now uses event-driven approach with ledger pattern.
+ * Records rating events and recomputes snapshots for transparency and auditability.
  */
 export class RatingUpdateService implements IDomainService {
   readonly serviceName = 'RatingUpdateService';
   
   constructor(
-    private readonly userRatingRepository: IUserRatingRepository
+    private readonly userRatingRepository: IUserRatingRepository,
+    private readonly ratingEventRepository: IRatingEventRepository
   ) {}
 
   /**
-   * Update driver ratings after race completion
+   * Record race rating events and update snapshots (NEW LEDGER APPROACH)
+   * Replaces direct rating updates with event recording + snapshot recomputation
+   */
+  async recordRaceRatingEvents(raceId: string, raceResults: Array<{
+    userId: string;
+    startPos: number;
+    finishPos: number;
+    incidents: number;
+    status: 'finished' | 'dnf' | 'dns' | 'dsq' | 'afk';
+    sof?: number;
+  }>): Promise<{ success: boolean; eventsCreated: number; driversUpdated: string[] }> {
+    try {
+      // Use factory to create rating events from race results
+      const eventsByUser = RatingEventFactory.createDrivingEventsFromRace({
+        raceId,
+        results: raceResults,
+      });
+
+      let totalEvents = 0;
+      const driversUpdated: string[] = [];
+
+      // Process each user's events
+      for (const [userId, events] of eventsByUser) {
+        if (events.length === 0) continue;
+
+        // Save all events to ledger
+        for (const event of events) {
+          await this.ratingEventRepository.save(event);
+          totalEvents++;
+        }
+
+        // Recompute snapshot from all events for this user
+        const allEvents = await this.ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId(userId);
+        const snapshot = RatingSnapshotCalculator.calculate(userId, allEvents);
+        await this.userRatingRepository.save(snapshot);
+
+        driversUpdated.push(userId);
+      }
+
+      return {
+        success: true,
+        eventsCreated: totalEvents,
+        driversUpdated,
+      };
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('[RatingUpdateService] Failed to record race rating events:', error);
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        eventsCreated: 0,
+        driversUpdated: [],
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update driver ratings after race completion (BACKWARD COMPATIBLE)
+   * Still supported but now delegates to event-based approach internally
    */
   async updateDriverRatingsAfterRace(
     driverResults: Array<{
@@ -27,13 +93,28 @@ export class RatingUpdateService implements IDomainService {
       startPosition: number;
     }>
   ): Promise<void> {
-    for (const result of driverResults) {
-      await this.updateDriverRating(result);
+    // Convert to new format and use event-based approach
+    const raceResults = driverResults.map(result => ({
+      userId: result.driverId,
+      startPos: result.startPosition,
+      finishPos: result.position,
+      incidents: result.incidents,
+      status: 'finished' as const,
+    }));
+
+    // Generate a synthetic race ID for backward compatibility
+    const raceId = `backward-compat-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
+
+    const result = await this.recordRaceRatingEvents(raceId, raceResults);
+    
+    if (!result.success) {
+      throw new Error('Failed to update ratings via event system');
     }
   }
 
   /**
-   * Update individual driver rating based on race result
+   * Update individual driver rating based on race result (LEGACY - DEPRECATED)
+   * Kept for backward compatibility but now uses event-based approach
    */
   private async updateDriverRating(result: {
     driverId: string;
@@ -42,103 +123,104 @@ export class RatingUpdateService implements IDomainService {
     incidents: number;
     startPosition: number;
   }): Promise<void> {
-    const { driverId, position, totalDrivers, incidents, startPosition } = result;
+    // Delegate to new event-based approach
+    await this.updateDriverRatingsAfterRace([result]);
+  }
 
-    // Get or create user rating
-    let userRating = await this.userRatingRepository.findByUserId(driverId);
-    if (!userRating) {
-      userRating = UserRating.create(driverId);
-    }
+  /**
+   * Update trust score based on sportsmanship actions (USES LEDGER)
+   */
+  async updateTrustScore(driverId: string, trustChange: number): Promise<void> {
+    // Create trust-related rating event using manual event creation
+    const now = new Date();
+    const event = RatingEvent.create({
+      id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+      userId: driverId,
+      dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+      delta: RatingDelta.create(trustChange),
+      weight: 1,
+      occurredAt: now,
+      createdAt: now,
+      source: { type: 'manualAdjustment', id: `trust-${now.getTime()}` },
+      reason: {
+        code: trustChange > 0 ? 'TRUST_BONUS' : 'TRUST_PENALTY',
+        summary: trustChange > 0 ? 'Positive sportsmanship' : 'Negative sportsmanship',
+        details: { trustChange },
+      },
+      visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+      version: 1,
+    });
 
-    // Calculate performance score (0-100)
-    const performanceScore = this.calculatePerformanceScore(position, totalDrivers, startPosition);
+    // Save event
+    await this.ratingEventRepository.save(event);
 
-    // Calculate fairness score based on incidents (lower incidents = higher fairness)
-    const fairnessScore = this.calculateFairnessScore(incidents, totalDrivers);
+    // Recompute snapshot
+    const allEvents = await this.ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId(driverId);
+    const snapshot = RatingSnapshotCalculator.calculate(driverId, allEvents);
+    await this.userRatingRepository.save(snapshot);
+  }
 
-    // Update ratings
-    const updatedRating = userRating
-      .updateDriverRating(performanceScore)
-      .updateFairnessScore(fairnessScore);
+  /**
+   * Update steward rating based on protest handling quality (USES LEDGER)
+   */
+  async updateStewardRating(stewardId: string, ratingChange: number): Promise<void> {
+    // Create steward-related rating event using manual event creation
+    const now = new Date();
+    const event = RatingEvent.create({
+      id: RatingEventId.generate(),
+      userId: stewardId,
+      dimension: RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust'),
+      delta: RatingDelta.create(ratingChange),
+      weight: 1,
+      occurredAt: now,
+      createdAt: now,
+      source: { type: 'manualAdjustment', id: `steward-${now.getTime()}` },
+      reason: {
+        code: ratingChange > 0 ? 'STEWARD_BONUS' : 'STEWARD_PENALTY',
+        summary: ratingChange > 0 ? 'Good protest handling' : 'Poor protest handling',
+        details: { ratingChange },
+      },
+      visibility: { public: true, redactedFields: [] },
+      version: 1,
+    });
 
-    // Save updated rating
-    await this.userRatingRepository.save(updatedRating);
+    // Save event
+    await this.ratingEventRepository.save(event);
+
+    // Recompute snapshot
+    const allEvents = await this.ratingEventRepository.getAllByUserId(stewardId);
+    const snapshot = RatingSnapshotCalculator.calculate(stewardId, allEvents);
+    await this.userRatingRepository.save(snapshot);
   }
 
   /**
    * Calculate performance score based on finishing position and field strength
+   * (Utility method kept for reference, but now handled by RatingEventFactory)
    */
   private calculatePerformanceScore(
     position: number,
     totalDrivers: number,
     startPosition: number
   ): number {
-    // Base score from finishing position (reverse percentile)
     const positionScore = ((totalDrivers - position + 1) / totalDrivers) * 100;
-
-    // Bonus for positions gained
     const positionsGained = startPosition - position;
-    const gainBonus = Math.max(0, positionsGained * 2); // 2 points per position gained
-
-    // Field strength adjustment (harder fields give higher scores for same position)
-    const fieldStrengthMultiplier = 0.8 + (totalDrivers / 50); // Max 1.0 for 30+ drivers
-
+    const gainBonus = Math.max(0, positionsGained * 2);
+    const fieldStrengthMultiplier = 0.8 + (totalDrivers / 50);
     const rawScore = (positionScore + gainBonus) * fieldStrengthMultiplier;
-
-    // Clamp to 0-100 range
     return Math.max(0, Math.min(100, rawScore));
   }
 
   /**
    * Calculate fairness score based on incident involvement
+   * (Utility method kept for reference, but now handled by RatingEventFactory)
    */
   private calculateFairnessScore(incidents: number, totalDrivers: number): number {
-    // Base fairness score (100 = perfect, 0 = terrible)
     let fairnessScore = 100;
-
-    // Deduct points for incidents
-    fairnessScore -= incidents * 15; // 15 points per incident
-
-    // Additional deduction for high incident rate relative to field
+    fairnessScore -= incidents * 15;
     const incidentRate = incidents / totalDrivers;
     if (incidentRate > 0.5) {
-      fairnessScore -= 20; // Heavy penalty for being involved in many incidents
+      fairnessScore -= 20;
     }
-
-    // Clamp to 0-100 range
     return Math.max(0, Math.min(100, fairnessScore));
   }
-
-  /**
-   * Update trust score based on sportsmanship actions
-   */
-  async updateTrustScore(driverId: string, trustChange: number): Promise<void> {
-    let userRating = await this.userRatingRepository.findByUserId(driverId);
-    if (!userRating) {
-      userRating = UserRating.create(driverId);
-    }
-
-    // Convert trust change (-50 to +50) to 0-100 scale
-    const currentTrust = userRating.trust.value;
-    const newTrustValue = Math.max(0, Math.min(100, currentTrust + trustChange));
-
-    const updatedRating = userRating.updateTrustScore(newTrustValue);
-    await this.userRatingRepository.save(updatedRating);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Update steward rating based on protest handling quality
-   */
-  async updateStewardRating(stewardId: string, ratingChange: number): Promise<void> {
-    let userRating = await this.userRatingRepository.findByUserId(stewardId);
-    if (!userRating) {
-      userRating = UserRating.create(stewardId);
-    }
-
-    const currentRating = userRating.steward.value;
-    const newRatingValue = Math.max(0, Math.min(100, currentRating + ratingChange));
-
-    const updatedRating = userRating.updateStewardRating(newRatingValue);
-    await this.userRatingRepository.save(updatedRating);
-  }
 }

core/identity/domain/value-objects/AdminTrustReasonCode.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+import { AdminTrustReasonCode } from './AdminTrustReasonCode';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+describe('AdminTrustReasonCode', () => {
+  describe('create', () => {
+    it('should create valid reason codes', () => {
+      const validCodes = [
+        'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE',
+        'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_NEGATIVE',
+        'ADMIN_ACTION_SLA_BONUS',
+        'ADMIN_ACTION_REVERSAL_PENALTY',
+        'ADMIN_ACTION_RULE_CLARITY_BONUS',
+        'ADMIN_ACTION_ABUSE_REPORT_PENALTY',
+      ];
+
+      validCodes.forEach(code => {
+        const reasonCode = AdminTrustReasonCode.create(code);
+        expect(reasonCode.value).toBe(code);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for empty string', () => {
+      expect(() => AdminTrustReasonCode.create('')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => AdminTrustReasonCode.create('   ')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for invalid reason code', () => {
+      expect(() => AdminTrustReasonCode.create('INVALID_CODE')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => AdminTrustReasonCode.create('admin_vote')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should trim whitespace from valid codes', () => {
+      const reasonCode = AdminTrustReasonCode.create('  ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE  ');
+      expect(reasonCode.value).toBe('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('fromValue', () => {
+    it('should create from value without validation', () => {
+      const reasonCode = AdminTrustReasonCode.fromValue('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE');
+      expect(reasonCode.value).toBe('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for equal codes', () => {
+      const code1 = AdminTrustReasonCode.create('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE');
+      const code2 = AdminTrustReasonCode.create('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE');
+      expect(code1.equals(code2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different codes', () => {
+      const code1 = AdminTrustReasonCode.create('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE');
+      const code2 = AdminTrustReasonCode.create('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_NEGATIVE');
+      expect(code1.equals(code2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toString', () => {
+    it('should return the string value', () => {
+      const code = AdminTrustReasonCode.create('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE');
+      expect(code.toString()).toBe('ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('category methods', () => {
+    describe('isVoteOutcome', () => {
+      it('should return true for vote outcome codes', () => {
+        const voteCodes = [
+          'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE',
+          'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_NEGATIVE',
+        ];
+        voteCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = AdminTrustReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isVoteOutcome()).toBe(true);
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('should return false for non-vote outcome codes', () => {
+        const nonVoteCodes = [
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_SLA_BONUS',
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_REVERSAL_PENALTY',
+        ];
+        nonVoteCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = AdminTrustReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isVoteOutcome()).toBe(false);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('isSystemSignal', () => {
+      it('should return true for system signal codes', () => {
+        const systemCodes = [
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_SLA_BONUS',
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_REVERSAL_PENALTY',
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_RULE_CLARITY_BONUS',
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_ABUSE_REPORT_PENALTY',
+        ];
+        systemCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = AdminTrustReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isSystemSignal()).toBe(true);
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('should return false for non-system signal codes', () => {
+        const nonSystemCodes = [
+          'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE',
+          'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_NEGATIVE',
+        ];
+        nonSystemCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = AdminTrustReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isSystemSignal()).toBe(false);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('isPositive', () => {
+      it('should return true for positive impact codes', () => {
+        const positiveCodes = [
+          'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE',
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_SLA_BONUS',
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_RULE_CLARITY_BONUS',
+        ];
+        positiveCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = AdminTrustReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isPositive()).toBe(true);
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('should return false for non-positive codes', () => {
+        const nonPositiveCodes = [
+          'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_NEGATIVE',
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_REVERSAL_PENALTY',
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_ABUSE_REPORT_PENALTY',
+        ];
+        nonPositiveCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = AdminTrustReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isPositive()).toBe(false);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('isNegative', () => {
+      it('should return true for negative impact codes', () => {
+        const negativeCodes = [
+          'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_NEGATIVE',
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_REVERSAL_PENALTY',
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_ABUSE_REPORT_PENALTY',
+        ];
+        negativeCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = AdminTrustReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isNegative()).toBe(true);
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('should return false for non-negative codes', () => {
+        const nonNegativeCodes = [
+          'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE',
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_SLA_BONUS',
+          'ADMIN_ACTION_RULE_CLARITY_BONUS',
+        ];
+        nonNegativeCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = AdminTrustReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isNegative()).toBe(false);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/value-objects/AdminTrustReasonCode.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@core/shared/domain';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+/**
+ * Admin Trust Reason Code Value Object
+ * 
+ * Stable machine codes for admin trust rating events to support:
+ * - Filtering and analytics
+ * - i18n translations
+ * - Consistent UI explanations
+ * 
+ * Based on ratings-architecture-concept.md sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2
+ */
+
+export type AdminTrustReasonCodeValue = 
+  // Vote outcomes
+  | 'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE'
+  | 'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_NEGATIVE'
+  // System signals
+  | 'ADMIN_ACTION_SLA_BONUS'
+  | 'ADMIN_ACTION_REVERSAL_PENALTY'
+  | 'ADMIN_ACTION_RULE_CLARITY_BONUS'
+  | 'ADMIN_ACTION_ABUSE_REPORT_PENALTY';
+
+export interface AdminTrustReasonCodeProps {
+  value: AdminTrustReasonCodeValue;
+}
+
+const VALID_REASON_CODES: AdminTrustReasonCodeValue[] = [
+  // Vote outcomes
+  'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE',
+  'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_NEGATIVE',
+  // System signals
+  'ADMIN_ACTION_SLA_BONUS',
+  'ADMIN_ACTION_REVERSAL_PENALTY',
+  'ADMIN_ACTION_RULE_CLARITY_BONUS',
+  'ADMIN_ACTION_ABUSE_REPORT_PENALTY',
+];
+
+export class AdminTrustReasonCode implements IValueObject<AdminTrustReasonCodeProps> {
+  readonly value: AdminTrustReasonCodeValue;
+
+  private constructor(value: AdminTrustReasonCodeValue) {
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  static create(value: string): AdminTrustReasonCode {
+    if (!value || value.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('AdminTrustReasonCode cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    const trimmed = value.trim() as AdminTrustReasonCodeValue;
+    
+    if (!VALID_REASON_CODES.includes(trimmed)) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError(
+        `Invalid admin trust reason code: ${value}. Valid options: ${VALID_REASON_CODES.join(', ')}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    return new AdminTrustReasonCode(trimmed);
+  }
+
+  static fromValue(value: AdminTrustReasonCodeValue): AdminTrustReasonCode {
+    return new AdminTrustReasonCode(value);
+  }
+
+  get props(): AdminTrustReasonCodeProps {
+    return { value: this.value };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<AdminTrustReasonCodeProps>): boolean {
+    return this.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if this is a vote-related reason code
+   */
+  isVoteOutcome(): boolean {
+    return this.value === 'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE' ||
+           this.value === 'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_NEGATIVE';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if this is a system signal reason code
+   */
+  isSystemSignal(): boolean {
+    return this.value === 'ADMIN_ACTION_SLA_BONUS' ||
+           this.value === 'ADMIN_ACTION_REVERSAL_PENALTY' ||
+           this.value === 'ADMIN_ACTION_RULE_CLARITY_BONUS' ||
+           this.value === 'ADMIN_ACTION_ABUSE_REPORT_PENALTY';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if this is a positive impact (bonus)
+   */
+  isPositive(): boolean {
+    return this.value.endsWith('_BONUS') || 
+           this.value === 'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_POSITIVE';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if this is a negative impact (penalty)
+   */
+  isNegative(): boolean {
+    return this.value.endsWith('_PENALTY') ||
+           this.value === 'ADMIN_VOTE_OUTCOME_NEGATIVE';
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/value-objects/DrivingReasonCode.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+import { DrivingReasonCode } from './DrivingReasonCode';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+describe('DrivingReasonCode', () => {
+  describe('create', () => {
+    it('should create valid reason codes', () => {
+      const validCodes = [
+        'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN',
+        'DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS',
+        'DRIVING_PACE_RELATIVE_GAIN',
+        'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY',
+        'DRIVING_MAJOR_CONTACT_PENALTY',
+        'DRIVING_PENALTY_INVOLVEMENT_PENALTY',
+        'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY',
+        'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY',
+        'DRIVING_DSQ_PENALTY',
+        'DRIVING_AFK_PENALTY',
+        'DRIVING_SEASON_ATTENDANCE_BONUS',
+      ];
+
+      validCodes.forEach(code => {
+        const reasonCode = DrivingReasonCode.create(code);
+        expect(reasonCode.value).toBe(code);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for empty string', () => {
+      expect(() => DrivingReasonCode.create('')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => DrivingReasonCode.create('   ')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for invalid reason code', () => {
+      expect(() => DrivingReasonCode.create('INVALID_CODE')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => DrivingReasonCode.create('driving_finish')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should trim whitespace from valid codes', () => {
+      const reasonCode = DrivingReasonCode.create('  DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN  ');
+      expect(reasonCode.value).toBe('DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('fromValue', () => {
+    it('should create from value without validation', () => {
+      const reasonCode = DrivingReasonCode.fromValue('DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN');
+      expect(reasonCode.value).toBe('DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for equal codes', () => {
+      const code1 = DrivingReasonCode.create('DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN');
+      const code2 = DrivingReasonCode.create('DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN');
+      expect(code1.equals(code2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different codes', () => {
+      const code1 = DrivingReasonCode.create('DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN');
+      const code2 = DrivingReasonCode.create('DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY');
+      expect(code1.equals(code2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toString', () => {
+    it('should return the string value', () => {
+      const code = DrivingReasonCode.create('DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN');
+      expect(code.toString()).toBe('DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('category methods', () => {
+    describe('isPerformance', () => {
+      it('should return true for performance codes', () => {
+        const performanceCodes = [
+          'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN',
+          'DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS',
+          'DRIVING_PACE_RELATIVE_GAIN',
+        ];
+        performanceCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = DrivingReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isPerformance()).toBe(true);
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('should return false for non-performance codes', () => {
+        const nonPerformanceCodes = [
+          'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_SEASON_ATTENDANCE_BONUS',
+        ];
+        nonPerformanceCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = DrivingReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isPerformance()).toBe(false);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('isCleanDriving', () => {
+      it('should return true for clean driving codes', () => {
+        const cleanDrivingCodes = [
+          'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_MAJOR_CONTACT_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_PENALTY_INVOLVEMENT_PENALTY',
+        ];
+        cleanDrivingCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = DrivingReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isCleanDriving()).toBe(true);
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('should return false for non-clean driving codes', () => {
+        const nonCleanDrivingCodes = [
+          'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN',
+          'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_SEASON_ATTENDANCE_BONUS',
+        ];
+        nonCleanDrivingCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = DrivingReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isCleanDriving()).toBe(false);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('isReliability', () => {
+      it('should return true for reliability codes', () => {
+        const reliabilityCodes = [
+          'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_DSQ_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_AFK_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_SEASON_ATTENDANCE_BONUS',
+        ];
+        reliabilityCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = DrivingReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isReliability()).toBe(true);
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('should return false for non-reliability codes', () => {
+        const nonReliabilityCodes = [
+          'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN',
+          'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY',
+        ];
+        nonReliabilityCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = DrivingReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isReliability()).toBe(false);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('isPenalty', () => {
+      it('should return true for penalty codes', () => {
+        const penaltyCodes = [
+          'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_MAJOR_CONTACT_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_PENALTY_INVOLVEMENT_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_DSQ_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_AFK_PENALTY',
+        ];
+        penaltyCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = DrivingReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isPenalty()).toBe(true);
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('should return false for non-penalty codes', () => {
+        const nonPenaltyCodes = [
+          'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN',
+          'DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS',
+          'DRIVING_SEASON_ATTENDANCE_BONUS',
+        ];
+        nonPenaltyCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = DrivingReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isPenalty()).toBe(false);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('isBonus', () => {
+      it('should return true for bonus codes', () => {
+        const bonusCodes = [
+          'DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS',
+          'DRIVING_SEASON_ATTENDANCE_BONUS',
+          'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN',
+          'DRIVING_PACE_RELATIVE_GAIN',
+        ];
+        bonusCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = DrivingReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isBonus()).toBe(true);
+        });
+      });
+
+      it('should return false for non-bonus codes', () => {
+        const nonBonusCodes = [
+          'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY',
+          'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY',
+        ];
+        nonBonusCodes.forEach(codeStr => {
+          const code = DrivingReasonCode.fromValue(codeStr as any);
+          expect(code.isBonus()).toBe(false);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/value-objects/DrivingReasonCode.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@core/shared/domain';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+/**
+ * Driving Reason Code Value Object
+ * 
+ * Stable machine codes for driving rating events to support:
+ * - Filtering and analytics
+ * - i18n translations
+ * - Consistent UI explanations
+ * 
+ * Based on ratings-architecture-concept.md section 5.1.2
+ */
+
+export type DrivingReasonCodeValue = 
+  // Performance
+  | 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN'
+  | 'DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS'
+  | 'DRIVING_PACE_RELATIVE_GAIN'
+  // Clean driving
+  | 'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY'
+  | 'DRIVING_MAJOR_CONTACT_PENALTY'
+  | 'DRIVING_PENALTY_INVOLVEMENT_PENALTY'
+  // Reliability
+  | 'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY'
+  | 'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY'
+  | 'DRIVING_DSQ_PENALTY'
+  | 'DRIVING_AFK_PENALTY'
+  | 'DRIVING_SEASON_ATTENDANCE_BONUS';
+
+export interface DrivingReasonCodeProps {
+  value: DrivingReasonCodeValue;
+}
+
+const VALID_REASON_CODES: DrivingReasonCodeValue[] = [
+  // Performance
+  'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN',
+  'DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS',
+  'DRIVING_PACE_RELATIVE_GAIN',
+  // Clean driving
+  'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY',
+  'DRIVING_MAJOR_CONTACT_PENALTY',
+  'DRIVING_PENALTY_INVOLVEMENT_PENALTY',
+  // Reliability
+  'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY',
+  'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY',
+  'DRIVING_DSQ_PENALTY',
+  'DRIVING_AFK_PENALTY',
+  'DRIVING_SEASON_ATTENDANCE_BONUS',
+];
+
+export class DrivingReasonCode implements IValueObject<DrivingReasonCodeProps> {
+  readonly value: DrivingReasonCodeValue;
+
+  private constructor(value: DrivingReasonCodeValue) {
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  static create(value: string): DrivingReasonCode {
+    if (!value || value.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('DrivingReasonCode cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    const trimmed = value.trim() as DrivingReasonCodeValue;
+    
+    if (!VALID_REASON_CODES.includes(trimmed)) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError(
+        `Invalid driving reason code: ${value}. Valid options: ${VALID_REASON_CODES.join(', ')}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    return new DrivingReasonCode(trimmed);
+  }
+
+  static fromValue(value: DrivingReasonCodeValue): DrivingReasonCode {
+    return new DrivingReasonCode(value);
+  }
+
+  get props(): DrivingReasonCodeProps {
+    return { value: this.value };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<DrivingReasonCodeProps>): boolean {
+    return this.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if this is a performance-related reason code
+   */
+  isPerformance(): boolean {
+    return this.value === 'DRIVING_FINISH_STRENGTH_GAIN' ||
+           this.value === 'DRIVING_POSITIONS_GAINED_BONUS' ||
+           this.value === 'DRIVING_PACE_RELATIVE_GAIN';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if this is a clean driving-related reason code
+   */
+  isCleanDriving(): boolean {
+    return this.value === 'DRIVING_INCIDENTS_PENALTY' ||
+           this.value === 'DRIVING_MAJOR_CONTACT_PENALTY' ||
+           this.value === 'DRIVING_PENALTY_INVOLVEMENT_PENALTY';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if this is a reliability-related reason code
+   */
+  isReliability(): boolean {
+    return this.value === 'DRIVING_DNS_PENALTY' ||
+           this.value === 'DRIVING_DNF_PENALTY' ||
+           this.value === 'DRIVING_DSQ_PENALTY' ||
+           this.value === 'DRIVING_AFK_PENALTY' ||
+           this.value === 'DRIVING_SEASON_ATTENDANCE_BONUS';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if this is a penalty (negative impact)
+   */
+  isPenalty(): boolean {
+    return this.value.endsWith('_PENALTY');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if this is a bonus (positive impact)
+   */
+  isBonus(): boolean {
+    return this.value.endsWith('_BONUS') || this.value.endsWith('_GAIN');
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/value-objects/ExternalRating.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import { ExternalRating } from './ExternalRating';
+import { GameKey } from './GameKey';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+describe('ExternalRating', () => {
+  describe('create', () => {
+    it('should create valid external rating', () => {
+      const gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const rating = ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'iRating', 2500);
+      
+      expect(rating.gameKey.value).toBe('iracing');
+      expect(rating.type).toBe('iRating');
+      expect(rating.value).toBe(2500);
+    });
+
+    it('should create rating with safety rating', () => {
+      const gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const rating = ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'safetyRating', 2.5);
+      
+      expect(rating.type).toBe('safetyRating');
+      expect(rating.value).toBe(2.5);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for empty type', () => {
+      const gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      expect(() => ExternalRating.create(gameKey, '', 2500)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => ExternalRating.create(gameKey, '  ', 2500)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for non-numeric value', () => {
+      const gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      expect(() => ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'iRating', '2500' as unknown as number)).toThrow();
+      expect(() => ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'iRating', null as unknown as number)).toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('should trim whitespace from type', () => {
+      const gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const rating = ExternalRating.create(gameKey, '  iRating  ', 2500);
+      expect(rating.type).toBe('iRating');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for same gameKey, type, and value', () => {
+      const gameKey1 = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const gameKey2 = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const rating1 = ExternalRating.create(gameKey1, 'iRating', 2500);
+      const rating2 = ExternalRating.create(gameKey2, 'iRating', 2500);
+      
+      expect(rating1.equals(rating2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different gameKeys', () => {
+      const gameKey1 = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const gameKey2 = GameKey.create('acc');
+      const rating1 = ExternalRating.create(gameKey1, 'iRating', 2500);
+      const rating2 = ExternalRating.create(gameKey2, 'iRating', 2500);
+      
+      expect(rating1.equals(rating2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different types', () => {
+      const gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const rating1 = ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'iRating', 2500);
+      const rating2 = ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'safetyRating', 2500);
+      
+      expect(rating1.equals(rating2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different values', () => {
+      const gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const rating1 = ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'iRating', 2500);
+      const rating2 = ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'iRating', 2600);
+      
+      expect(rating1.equals(rating2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('props', () => {
+    it('should expose props correctly', () => {
+      const gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const rating = ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'iRating', 2500);
+      const props = rating.props;
+      
+      expect(props.gameKey.value).toBe('iracing');
+      expect(props.type).toBe('iRating');
+      expect(props.value).toBe(2500);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toString', () => {
+    it('should return string representation', () => {
+      const gameKey = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const rating = ExternalRating.create(gameKey, 'iRating', 2500);
+      
+      expect(rating.toString()).toBe('iracing:iRating=2500');
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/value-objects/ExternalRating.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@core/shared/domain';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+import { GameKey } from './GameKey';
+
+export interface ExternalRatingProps {
+  gameKey: GameKey;
+  type: string;
+  value: number;
+}
+
+export class ExternalRating implements IValueObject<ExternalRatingProps> {
+  readonly gameKey: GameKey;
+  readonly type: string;
+  readonly value: number;
+
+  private constructor(gameKey: GameKey, type: string, value: number) {
+    this.gameKey = gameKey;
+    this.type = type;
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  static create(gameKey: GameKey, type: string, value: number): ExternalRating {
+    if (!type || type.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('External rating type cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof value !== 'number' || isNaN(value)) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('External rating value must be a valid number');
+    }
+
+    const trimmedType = type.trim();
+    return new ExternalRating(gameKey, trimmedType, value);
+  }
+
+  get props(): ExternalRatingProps {
+    return {
+      gameKey: this.gameKey,
+      type: this.type,
+      value: this.value,
+    };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<ExternalRatingProps>): boolean {
+    return (
+      this.gameKey.equals(other.props.gameKey) &&
+      this.type === other.props.type &&
+      this.value === other.props.value
+    );
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return `${this.gameKey.toString()}:${this.type}=${this.value}`;
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/value-objects/ExternalRatingProvenance.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+import { ExternalRatingProvenance } from './ExternalRatingProvenance';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+describe('ExternalRatingProvenance', () => {
+  describe('create', () => {
+    it('should create a valid provenance with default verified=false', () => {
+      const now = new Date();
+      const provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+      });
+
+      expect(provenance.source).toBe('iracing');
+      expect(provenance.lastSyncedAt).toBe(now);
+      expect(provenance.verified).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should create a valid provenance with verified=true', () => {
+      const now = new Date();
+      const provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+        verified: true,
+      });
+
+      expect(provenance.verified).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should trim source string', () => {
+      const now = new Date();
+      const provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: '  iracing  ',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+      });
+
+      expect(provenance.source).toBe('iracing');
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for empty source', () => {
+      const now = new Date();
+      expect(() =>
+        ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+          source: '',
+          lastSyncedAt: now,
+        })
+      ).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() =>
+        ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+          source: '   ',
+          lastSyncedAt: now,
+        })
+      ).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for invalid date', () => {
+      expect(() =>
+        ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+          source: 'iracing',
+          lastSyncedAt: new Date('invalid'),
+        })
+      ).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('restore', () => {
+    it('should restore provenance from stored props', () => {
+      const now = new Date();
+      const provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.restore({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+        verified: true,
+      });
+
+      expect(provenance.source).toBe('iracing');
+      expect(provenance.lastSyncedAt).toBe(now);
+      expect(provenance.verified).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should default verified to false when not provided', () => {
+      const now = new Date();
+      const provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.restore({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+      });
+
+      expect(provenance.verified).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for identical provenance', () => {
+      const now = new Date();
+      const p1 = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+        verified: true,
+      });
+      const p2 = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+        verified: true,
+      });
+
+      expect(p1.equals(p2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different source', () => {
+      const now = new Date();
+      const p1 = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+      });
+      const p2 = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'simracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+      });
+
+      expect(p1.equals(p2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different lastSyncedAt', () => {
+      const p1 = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: new Date('2024-01-01'),
+      });
+      const p2 = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: new Date('2024-01-02'),
+      });
+
+      expect(p1.equals(p2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different verified', () => {
+      const now = new Date();
+      const p1 = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+        verified: true,
+      });
+      const p2 = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+        verified: false,
+      });
+
+      expect(p1.equals(p2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toString', () => {
+    it('should return string representation', () => {
+      const now = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+      const provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+        verified: true,
+      });
+
+      expect(provenance.toString()).toBe('iracing:2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z:verified');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('markVerified', () => {
+    it('should return new provenance with verified=true', () => {
+      const now = new Date();
+      const original = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+        verified: false,
+      });
+
+      const verified = original.markVerified();
+
+      expect(verified.verified).toBe(true);
+      expect(verified.source).toBe(original.source);
+      expect(verified.lastSyncedAt).toBe(original.lastSyncedAt);
+      expect(original.verified).toBe(false); // Original unchanged
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('updateLastSyncedAt', () => {
+    it('should return new provenance with updated date', () => {
+      const now = new Date('2024-01-01');
+      const newDate = new Date('2024-01-02');
+      const original = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+        verified: true,
+      });
+
+      const updated = original.updateLastSyncedAt(newDate);
+
+      expect(updated.lastSyncedAt).toBe(newDate);
+      expect(updated.source).toBe(original.source);
+      expect(updated.verified).toBe(original.verified);
+      expect(original.lastSyncedAt).toBe(now); // Original unchanged
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('props', () => {
+    it('should return correct props object', () => {
+      const now = new Date();
+      const provenance = ExternalRatingProvenance.create({
+        source: 'iracing',
+        lastSyncedAt: now,
+        verified: true,
+      });
+
+      const props = provenance.props;
+
+      expect(props.source).toBe('iracing');
+      expect(props.lastSyncedAt).toBe(now);
+      expect(props.verified).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/value-objects/ExternalRatingProvenance.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@core/shared/domain';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+export interface ExternalRatingProvenanceProps {
+  source: string;
+  lastSyncedAt: Date;
+  verified?: boolean;
+}
+
+export class ExternalRatingProvenance implements IValueObject<ExternalRatingProvenanceProps> {
+  readonly source: string;
+  readonly lastSyncedAt: Date;
+  readonly verified: boolean;
+
+  private constructor(source: string, lastSyncedAt: Date, verified: boolean) {
+    this.source = source;
+    this.lastSyncedAt = lastSyncedAt;
+    this.verified = verified;
+  }
+
+  static create(props: ExternalRatingProvenanceProps): ExternalRatingProvenance {
+    if (!props.source || props.source.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('Provenance source cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    if (!props.lastSyncedAt || isNaN(props.lastSyncedAt.getTime())) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('Provenance lastSyncedAt must be a valid date');
+    }
+
+    const trimmedSource = props.source.trim();
+    const verified = props.verified ?? false;
+
+    return new ExternalRatingProvenance(trimmedSource, props.lastSyncedAt, verified);
+  }
+
+  static restore(props: ExternalRatingProvenanceProps): ExternalRatingProvenance {
+    return new ExternalRatingProvenance(props.source, props.lastSyncedAt, props.verified ?? false);
+  }
+
+  get props(): ExternalRatingProvenanceProps {
+    return {
+      source: this.source,
+      lastSyncedAt: this.lastSyncedAt,
+      verified: this.verified,
+    };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<ExternalRatingProvenanceProps>): boolean {
+    return (
+      this.source === other.props.source &&
+      this.lastSyncedAt.getTime() === other.props.lastSyncedAt.getTime() &&
+      this.verified === other.props.verified
+    );
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return `${this.source}:${this.lastSyncedAt.toISOString()}:${this.verified ? 'verified' : 'unverified'}`;
+  }
+
+  markVerified(): ExternalRatingProvenance {
+    return new ExternalRatingProvenance(this.source, this.lastSyncedAt, true);
+  }
+
+  updateLastSyncedAt(date: Date): ExternalRatingProvenance {
+    return new ExternalRatingProvenance(this.source, date, this.verified);
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/value-objects/GameKey.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import { GameKey } from './GameKey';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+describe('GameKey', () => {
+  describe('create', () => {
+    it('should create valid game keys', () => {
+      expect(GameKey.create('iracing').value).toBe('iracing');
+      expect(GameKey.create('acc').value).toBe('acc');
+      expect(GameKey.create('f1').value).toBe('f1');
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for invalid game key', () => {
+      expect(() => GameKey.create('')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => GameKey.create('  ')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => GameKey.create('invalid game')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should trim whitespace', () => {
+      const key = GameKey.create('  iracing  ');
+      expect(key.value).toBe('iracing');
+    });
+
+    it('should accept lowercase', () => {
+      const key = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      expect(key.value).toBe('iracing');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for same value', () => {
+      const key1 = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const key2 = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      expect(key1.equals(key2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different values', () => {
+      const key1 = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      const key2 = GameKey.create('acc');
+      expect(key1.equals(key2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('props', () => {
+    it('should expose props correctly', () => {
+      const key = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      expect(key.props.value).toBe('iracing');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toString', () => {
+    it('should return string representation', () => {
+      const key = GameKey.create('iracing');
+      expect(key.toString()).toBe('iracing');
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/value-objects/GameKey.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@core/shared/domain';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+export interface GameKeyProps {
+  value: string;
+}
+
+export class GameKey implements IValueObject<GameKeyProps> {
+  readonly value: string;
+
+  private constructor(value: string) {
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  static create(value: string): GameKey {
+    if (!value || value.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('GameKey cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    const trimmed = value.trim();
+    // Game keys should be lowercase alphanumeric with optional underscores/hyphens
+    const gameKeyRegex = /^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9_-]*$/;
+    if (!gameKeyRegex.test(trimmed)) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError(
+        `Invalid game key: ${value}. Must be lowercase alphanumeric with optional underscores/hyphens`
+      );
+    }
+
+    return new GameKey(trimmed);
+  }
+
+  get props(): GameKeyProps {
+    return { value: this.value };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<GameKeyProps>): boolean {
+    return this.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/value-objects/RatingDelta.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+import { RatingDelta } from './RatingDelta';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+describe('RatingDelta', () => {
+  describe('create', () => {
+    it('should create valid delta values', () => {
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(0).value).toBe(0);
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(10).value).toBe(10);
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(-10).value).toBe(-10);
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(100).value).toBe(100);
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(-100).value).toBe(-100);
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(50.5).value).toBe(50.5);
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(-50.5).value).toBe(-50.5);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for values outside range', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingDelta.create(100.1)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => RatingDelta.create(-100.1)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => RatingDelta.create(101)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => RatingDelta.create(-101)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should accept zero', () => {
+      const delta = RatingDelta.create(0);
+      expect(delta.value).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for non-numeric values', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingDelta.create('50' as unknown as number)).toThrow();
+      expect(() => RatingDelta.create(null as unknown as number)).toThrow();
+      expect(() => RatingDelta.create(undefined as unknown as number)).toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for same value', () => {
+      const delta1 = RatingDelta.create(10);
+      const delta2 = RatingDelta.create(10);
+      expect(delta1.equals(delta2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different values', () => {
+      const delta1 = RatingDelta.create(10);
+      const delta2 = RatingDelta.create(-10);
+      expect(delta1.equals(delta2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle decimal comparisons', () => {
+      const delta1 = RatingDelta.create(50.5);
+      const delta2 = RatingDelta.create(50.5);
+      expect(delta1.equals(delta2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('props', () => {
+    it('should expose props correctly', () => {
+      const delta = RatingDelta.create(10);
+      expect(delta.props.value).toBe(10);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toNumber', () => {
+    it('should return numeric value', () => {
+      const delta = RatingDelta.create(50.5);
+      expect(delta.toNumber()).toBe(50.5);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toString', () => {
+    it('should return string representation', () => {
+      const delta = RatingDelta.create(50.5);
+      expect(delta.toString()).toBe('50.5');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isPositive', () => {
+    it('should return true for positive deltas', () => {
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(1).isPositive()).toBe(true);
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(100).isPositive()).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for zero and negative deltas', () => {
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(0).isPositive()).toBe(false);
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(-1).isPositive()).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isNegative', () => {
+    it('should return true for negative deltas', () => {
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(-1).isNegative()).toBe(true);
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(-100).isNegative()).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for zero and positive deltas', () => {
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(0).isNegative()).toBe(false);
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(1).isNegative()).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isZero', () => {
+    it('should return true for zero delta', () => {
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(0).isZero()).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for non-zero deltas', () => {
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(1).isZero()).toBe(false);
+      expect(RatingDelta.create(-1).isZero()).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/value-objects/RatingDelta.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@core/shared/domain';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+export interface RatingDeltaProps {
+  value: number;
+}
+
+export class RatingDelta implements IValueObject<RatingDeltaProps> {
+  readonly value: number;
+
+  private constructor(value: number) {
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  static create(value: number): RatingDelta {
+    if (typeof value !== 'number' || isNaN(value)) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('Rating delta must be a valid number');
+    }
+
+    if (value < -100 || value > 100) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError(
+        `Rating delta must be between -100 and 100, got: ${value}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    return new RatingDelta(value);
+  }
+
+  get props(): RatingDeltaProps {
+    return { value: this.value };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<RatingDeltaProps>): boolean {
+    return this.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+
+  toNumber(): number {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return this.value.toString();
+  }
+
+  isPositive(): boolean {
+    return this.value > 0;
+  }
+
+  isNegative(): boolean {
+    return this.value < 0;
+  }
+
+  isZero(): boolean {
+    return this.value === 0;
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/value-objects/RatingDimensionKey.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { RatingDimensionKey } from './RatingDimensionKey';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+describe('RatingDimensionKey', () => {
+  describe('create', () => {
+    it('should create valid dimension keys', () => {
+      expect(RatingDimensionKey.create('driving').value).toBe('driving');
+      expect(RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust').value).toBe('adminTrust');
+      expect(RatingDimensionKey.create('stewardTrust').value).toBe('stewardTrust');
+      expect(RatingDimensionKey.create('broadcasterTrust').value).toBe('broadcasterTrust');
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for invalid dimension key', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingDimensionKey.create('invalid')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => RatingDimensionKey.create('driving ')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => RatingDimensionKey.create('')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for empty string', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingDimensionKey.create('')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for whitespace', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingDimensionKey.create('  ')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for same value', () => {
+      const key1 = RatingDimensionKey.create('driving');
+      const key2 = RatingDimensionKey.create('driving');
+      expect(key1.equals(key2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different values', () => {
+      const key1 = RatingDimensionKey.create('driving');
+      const key2 = RatingDimensionKey.create('adminTrust');
+      expect(key1.equals(key2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('props', () => {
+    it('should expose props correctly', () => {
+      const key = RatingDimensionKey.create('driving');
+      expect(key.props.value).toBe('driving');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toString', () => {
+    it('should return string representation', () => {
+      const key = RatingDimensionKey.create('driving');
+      expect(key.toString()).toBe('driving');
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/value-objects/RatingDimensionKey.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@core/shared/domain';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+export interface RatingDimensionKeyProps {
+  value: 'driving' | 'adminTrust' | 'stewardTrust' | 'broadcasterTrust';
+}
+
+const VALID_DIMENSIONS = ['driving', 'adminTrust', 'stewardTrust', 'broadcasterTrust'] as const;
+
+export class RatingDimensionKey implements IValueObject<RatingDimensionKeyProps> {
+  readonly value: RatingDimensionKeyProps['value'];
+
+  private constructor(value: RatingDimensionKeyProps['value']) {
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  static create(value: string): RatingDimensionKey {
+    if (!value || value.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('Rating dimension key cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    // Strict validation: no leading/trailing whitespace allowed
+    if (value !== value.trim()) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError(
+        `Rating dimension key cannot have leading or trailing whitespace: "${value}"`
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (!VALID_DIMENSIONS.includes(value as RatingDimensionKeyProps['value'])) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError(
+        `Invalid rating dimension key: ${value}. Valid options: ${VALID_DIMENSIONS.join(', ')}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    return new RatingDimensionKey(value as RatingDimensionKeyProps['value']);
+  }
+
+  get props(): RatingDimensionKeyProps {
+    return { value: this.value };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<RatingDimensionKeyProps>): boolean {
+    return this.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/value-objects/RatingEventId.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import { RatingEventId } from './RatingEventId';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+describe('RatingEventId', () => {
+  describe('create', () => {
+    it('should create valid UUID v4', () => {
+      const validUuid = '123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000';
+      const id = RatingEventId.create(validUuid);
+      expect(id.value).toBe(validUuid);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for invalid UUID', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingEventId.create('not-a-uuid')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => RatingEventId.create('123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => RatingEventId.create('')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for empty string', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingEventId.create('')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for whitespace', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingEventId.create('  ')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should accept UUID with uppercase', () => {
+      const uuid = '123E4567-E89B-12D3-A456-426614174000';
+      const id = RatingEventId.create(uuid);
+      expect(id.value).toBe(uuid);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('generate', () => {
+    it('should generate a valid UUID', () => {
+      const id = RatingEventId.generate();
+      expect(id.value).toMatch(/^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i);
+    });
+
+    it('should generate unique IDs', () => {
+      const id1 = RatingEventId.generate();
+      const id2 = RatingEventId.generate();
+      expect(id1.equals(id2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for same UUID', () => {
+      const uuid = '123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000';
+      const id1 = RatingEventId.create(uuid);
+      const id2 = RatingEventId.create(uuid);
+      expect(id1.equals(id2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different UUIDs', () => {
+      const id1 = RatingEventId.create('123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000');
+      const id2 = RatingEventId.create('123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174001');
+      expect(id1.equals(id2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('props', () => {
+    it('should expose props correctly', () => {
+      const uuid = '123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000';
+      const id = RatingEventId.create(uuid);
+      expect(id.props.value).toBe(uuid);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toString', () => {
+    it('should return string representation', () => {
+      const uuid = '123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000';
+      const id = RatingEventId.create(uuid);
+      expect(id.toString()).toBe(uuid);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/value-objects/RatingEventId.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@core/shared/domain';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
+
+export interface RatingEventIdProps {
+  value: string;
+}
+
+export class RatingEventId implements IValueObject<RatingEventIdProps> {
+  readonly value: string;
+
+  private constructor(value: string) {
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  static create(value: string): RatingEventId {
+    if (!value || value.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('RatingEventId cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    const trimmed = value.trim();
+    // Basic UUID v4 validation
+    const uuidRegex = /^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i;
+    if (!uuidRegex.test(trimmed)) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError(
+        `Invalid UUID format: ${value}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    return new RatingEventId(trimmed);
+  }
+
+  static generate(): RatingEventId {
+    return new RatingEventId(uuidv4());
+  }
+
+  get props(): RatingEventIdProps {
+    return { value: this.value };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<RatingEventIdProps>): boolean {
+    return this.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/value-objects/RatingReference.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+import { RatingReference } from './RatingReference';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+describe('RatingReference', () => {
+  describe('create', () => {
+    it('should create valid reference for race', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('race', 'race-123');
+      expect(ref.type).toBe('race');
+      expect(ref.id).toBe('race-123');
+    });
+
+    it('should create valid reference for penalty', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('penalty', 'penalty-456');
+      expect(ref.type).toBe('penalty');
+      expect(ref.id).toBe('penalty-456');
+    });
+
+    it('should create valid reference for vote', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('vote', 'vote-789');
+      expect(ref.type).toBe('vote');
+      expect(ref.id).toBe('vote-789');
+    });
+
+    it('should create valid reference for adminAction', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('adminAction', 'admin-101');
+      expect(ref.type).toBe('adminAction');
+      expect(ref.id).toBe('admin-101');
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for invalid type', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingReference.create('invalid' as 'race', 'id-123')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for empty type', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingReference.create('' as 'race', 'id-123')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for empty id', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingReference.create('race', '')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for whitespace id', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingReference.create('race', '  ')).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should trim whitespace from id', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('race', '  race-123  ');
+      expect(ref.id).toBe('race-123');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for same type and id', () => {
+      const ref1 = RatingReference.create('race', 'race-123');
+      const ref2 = RatingReference.create('race', 'race-123');
+      expect(ref1.equals(ref2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different types', () => {
+      const ref1 = RatingReference.create('race', 'race-123');
+      const ref2 = RatingReference.create('penalty', 'race-123');
+      expect(ref1.equals(ref2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different ids', () => {
+      const ref1 = RatingReference.create('race', 'race-123');
+      const ref2 = RatingReference.create('race', 'race-456');
+      expect(ref1.equals(ref2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('props', () => {
+    it('should expose props correctly', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('race', 'race-123');
+      expect(ref.props.type).toBe('race');
+      expect(ref.props.id).toBe('race-123');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toString', () => {
+    it('should return string representation', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('race', 'race-123');
+      expect(ref.toString()).toBe('race:race-123');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isRace', () => {
+    it('should return true for race type', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('race', 'race-123');
+      expect(ref.isRace()).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for other types', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('penalty', 'penalty-123');
+      expect(ref.isRace()).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isPenalty', () => {
+    it('should return true for penalty type', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('penalty', 'penalty-123');
+      expect(ref.isPenalty()).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for other types', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('race', 'race-123');
+      expect(ref.isPenalty()).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isVote', () => {
+    it('should return true for vote type', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('vote', 'vote-123');
+      expect(ref.isVote()).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for other types', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('race', 'race-123');
+      expect(ref.isVote()).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isAdminAction', () => {
+    it('should return true for adminAction type', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('adminAction', 'admin-123');
+      expect(ref.isAdminAction()).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for other types', () => {
+      const ref = RatingReference.create('race', 'race-123');
+      expect(ref.isAdminAction()).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/value-objects/RatingReference.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@core/shared/domain';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+export type RatingReferenceType = 'race' | 'penalty' | 'vote' | 'adminAction';
+
+export interface RatingReferenceProps {
+  type: RatingReferenceType;
+  id: string;
+}
+
+const VALID_TYPES: RatingReferenceType[] = ['race', 'penalty', 'vote', 'adminAction'];
+
+export class RatingReference implements IValueObject<RatingReferenceProps> {
+  readonly type: RatingReferenceType;
+  readonly id: string;
+
+  private constructor(type: RatingReferenceType, id: string) {
+    this.type = type;
+    this.id = id;
+  }
+
+  static create(type: RatingReferenceType, id: string): RatingReference {
+    if (!type || !VALID_TYPES.includes(type)) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError(
+        `Invalid rating reference type: ${type}. Valid types: ${VALID_TYPES.join(', ')}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (!id || id.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('Rating reference ID cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    const trimmedId = id.trim();
+    return new RatingReference(type, trimmedId);
+  }
+
+  get props(): RatingReferenceProps {
+    return { type: this.type, id: this.id };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<RatingReferenceProps>): boolean {
+    return this.type === other.props.type && this.id === other.props.id;
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return `${this.type}:${this.id}`;
+  }
+
+  isRace(): boolean {
+    return this.type === 'race';
+  }
+
+  isPenalty(): boolean {
+    return this.type === 'penalty';
+  }
+
+  isVote(): boolean {
+    return this.type === 'vote';
+  }
+
+  isAdminAction(): boolean {
+    return this.type === 'adminAction';
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/value-objects/RatingValue.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import { RatingValue } from './RatingValue';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+describe('RatingValue', () => {
+  describe('create', () => {
+    it('should create valid rating values', () => {
+      expect(RatingValue.create(0).value).toBe(0);
+      expect(RatingValue.create(50).value).toBe(50);
+      expect(RatingValue.create(100).value).toBe(100);
+      expect(RatingValue.create(75.5).value).toBe(75.5);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for values below 0', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingValue.create(-1)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => RatingValue.create(-0.1)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for values above 100', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingValue.create(100.1)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+      expect(() => RatingValue.create(101)).toThrow(IdentityDomainValidationError);
+    });
+
+    it('should accept decimal values', () => {
+      const value = RatingValue.create(75.5);
+      expect(value.value).toBe(75.5);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for non-numeric values', () => {
+      expect(() => RatingValue.create('50' as unknown as number)).toThrow();
+      expect(() => RatingValue.create(null as unknown as number)).toThrow();
+      expect(() => RatingValue.create(undefined as unknown as number)).toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for same value', () => {
+      const val1 = RatingValue.create(50);
+      const val2 = RatingValue.create(50);
+      expect(val1.equals(val2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different values', () => {
+      const val1 = RatingValue.create(50);
+      const val2 = RatingValue.create(60);
+      expect(val1.equals(val2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle decimal comparisons', () => {
+      const val1 = RatingValue.create(75.5);
+      const val2 = RatingValue.create(75.5);
+      expect(val1.equals(val2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('props', () => {
+    it('should expose props correctly', () => {
+      const value = RatingValue.create(50);
+      expect(value.props.value).toBe(50);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toNumber', () => {
+    it('should return numeric value', () => {
+      const value = RatingValue.create(75.5);
+      expect(value.toNumber()).toBe(75.5);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toString', () => {
+    it('should return string representation', () => {
+      const value = RatingValue.create(75.5);
+      expect(value.toString()).toBe('75.5');
+    });
+  });
+});

core/identity/domain/value-objects/RatingValue.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@core/shared/domain';
+import { IdentityDomainValidationError } from '../errors/IdentityDomainError';
+
+export interface RatingValueProps {
+  value: number;
+}
+
+export class RatingValue implements IValueObject<RatingValueProps> {
+  readonly value: number;
+
+  private constructor(value: number) {
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  static create(value: number): RatingValue {
+    if (typeof value !== 'number' || isNaN(value)) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError('Rating value must be a valid number');
+    }
+
+    if (value < 0 || value > 100) {
+      throw new IdentityDomainValidationError(
+        `Rating value must be between 0 and 100, got: ${value}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    return new RatingValue(value);
+  }
+
+  get props(): RatingValueProps {
+    return { value: this.value };
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<RatingValueProps>): boolean {
+    return this.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+
+  toNumber(): number {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return this.value.toString();
+  }
+}

core/identity/domain/value-objects/UserRating.ts

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ export interface UserRatingProps {
   trust: RatingDimension;
   fairness: RatingDimension;
   overallReputation: number;
+  calculatorVersion?: string;
   createdAt: Date;
   updatedAt: Date;
 }
@@ -82,6 +83,10 @@ export class UserRating implements IValueObject<UserRatingProps> {
     return this.props.updatedAt;
   }
 
+  get calculatorVersion(): string | undefined {
+    return this.props.calculatorVersion;
+  }
+
   static create(userId: string): UserRating {
     if (!userId || userId.trim().length === 0) {
       throw new Error('UserRating userId is required');
@@ -96,6 +101,7 @@ export class UserRating implements IValueObject<UserRatingProps> {
       trust: { ...DEFAULT_DIMENSION, lastUpdated: now },
       fairness: { ...DEFAULT_DIMENSION, lastUpdated: now },
       overallReputation: 50,
+      calculatorVersion: '1.0',
       createdAt: now,
       updatedAt: now,
     });