rename to core

core/notifications/domain/entities/Notification.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/**
+ * Domain Entity: Notification
+ *
+ * Represents a notification sent to a user.
+ * Immutable entity with factory methods and domain validation.
+ */
+
+import type { IEntity } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+import { NotificationDomainError } from '../errors/NotificationDomainError';
+import { NotificationId } from '../value-objects/NotificationId';
+
+import type { NotificationType, NotificationChannel } from '../types/NotificationTypes';
+
+export type NotificationStatus = 'unread' | 'read' | 'dismissed' | 'action_required';
+
+/**
+ * Notification urgency determines how the notification is displayed
+ * - silent: Only appears in notification center (default)
+ * - toast: Shows a temporary toast notification
+ * - modal: Shows a blocking modal that requires user action (cannot be ignored)
+ */
+export type NotificationUrgency = 'silent' | 'toast' | 'modal';
+
+export interface NotificationData {
+  /** Reference to related protest */
+  protestId?: string;
+  /** Reference to related race */
+  raceId?: string;
+  /** Reference to related league */
+  leagueId?: string;
+  /** Reference to related driver (e.g., who filed protest) */
+  actorDriverId?: string;
+  /** Reference to related penalty */
+  penaltyId?: string;
+  /** Reference to related team */
+  teamId?: string;
+  /** Deadline for action (e.g., defense deadline) */
+  deadline?: Date;
+  /** Any additional context data */
+  [key: string]: unknown;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for action buttons shown on modal notifications
+ */
+export interface NotificationAction {
+  /** Button label */
+  label: string;
+  /** Action type - determines styling */
+  type: 'primary' | 'secondary' | 'danger';
+  /** URL to navigate to when clicked */
+  href?: string;
+  /** Custom action identifier (for handling in code) */
+  actionId?: string;
+}
+
+export interface NotificationProps {
+  id: NotificationId;
+  /** Driver who receives this notification */
+  recipientId: string;
+  /** Type of notification */
+  type: NotificationType;
+  /** Human-readable title */
+  title: string;
+  /** Notification body/message */
+  body: string;
+  /** Channel this notification was/will be sent through */
+  channel: NotificationChannel;
+  /** Current status */
+  status: NotificationStatus;
+  /** How urgently to display this notification */
+  urgency: NotificationUrgency;
+  /** Structured data for linking/context */
+  data?: NotificationData;
+  /** Optional action URL (for simple click-through) */
+  actionUrl?: string;
+  /** Action buttons for modal notifications */
+  actions?: NotificationAction[];
+  /** Whether this notification requires a response before it can be dismissed */
+  requiresResponse?: boolean;
+  /** When the notification was created */
+  createdAt: Date;
+  /** When the notification was read (if applicable) */
+  readAt?: Date;
+  /** When the notification was responded to (for action_required status) */
+  respondedAt?: Date;
+}
+
+export class Notification implements IEntity<string> {
+  private constructor(private readonly props: NotificationProps) {}
+
+  static create(props: Omit<NotificationProps, 'id' | 'status' | 'createdAt' | 'urgency'> & {
+    id: string;
+    status?: NotificationStatus;
+    createdAt?: Date;
+    urgency?: NotificationUrgency;
+  }): Notification {
+    const id = NotificationId.create(props.id);
+
+    if (!props.recipientId) throw new NotificationDomainError('Recipient ID is required');
+    if (!props.type) throw new NotificationDomainError('Notification type is required');
+    if (!props.title?.trim()) throw new NotificationDomainError('Notification title is required');
+    if (!props.body?.trim()) throw new NotificationDomainError('Notification body is required');
+    if (!props.channel) throw new NotificationDomainError('Notification channel is required');
+
+    // Modal notifications that require response start with action_required status
+    const defaultStatus = props.requiresResponse ? 'action_required' : 'unread';
+
+    return new Notification({
+      ...props,
+      id,
+      status: props.status ?? defaultStatus,
+      urgency: props.urgency ?? 'silent',
+      createdAt: props.createdAt ?? new Date(),
+    });
+  }
+
+  get id(): string { return this.props.id.value; }
+  get recipientId(): string { return this.props.recipientId; }
+  get type(): NotificationType { return this.props.type; }
+  get title(): string { return this.props.title; }
+  get body(): string { return this.props.body; }
+  get channel(): NotificationChannel { return this.props.channel; }
+  get status(): NotificationStatus { return this.props.status; }
+  get urgency(): NotificationUrgency { return this.props.urgency; }
+  get data(): NotificationData | undefined { return this.props.data ? { ...this.props.data } : undefined; }
+  get actionUrl(): string | undefined { return this.props.actionUrl; }
+  get actions(): NotificationAction[] | undefined { return this.props.actions ? [...this.props.actions] : undefined; }
+  get requiresResponse(): boolean { return this.props.requiresResponse ?? false; }
+  get createdAt(): Date { return this.props.createdAt; }
+  get readAt(): Date | undefined { return this.props.readAt; }
+  get respondedAt(): Date | undefined { return this.props.respondedAt; }
+
+  isUnread(): boolean {
+    return this.props.status === 'unread';
+  }
+
+  isRead(): boolean {
+    return this.props.status === 'read';
+  }
+
+  isDismissed(): boolean {
+    return this.props.status === 'dismissed';
+  }
+
+  isActionRequired(): boolean {
+    return this.props.status === 'action_required';
+  }
+
+  isSilent(): boolean {
+    return this.props.urgency === 'silent';
+  }
+
+  isToast(): boolean {
+    return this.props.urgency === 'toast';
+  }
+
+  isModal(): boolean {
+    return this.props.urgency === 'modal';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if this notification can be dismissed without responding
+   */
+  canDismiss(): boolean {
+    return !this.props.requiresResponse || this.props.status !== 'action_required';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Mark the notification as read
+   */
+  markAsRead(): Notification {
+    if (this.props.status !== 'unread') {
+      return this; // Already read or dismissed, no change
+    }
+    return new Notification({
+      ...this.props,
+      status: 'read',
+      readAt: new Date(),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Mark that the user has responded to an action_required notification
+   */
+  markAsResponded(actionId?: string): Notification {
+    const data =
+      actionId !== undefined
+        ? { ...(this.props.data ?? {}), responseActionId: actionId }
+        : this.props.data;
+
+    return new Notification({
+      ...this.props,
+      status: 'read',
+      readAt: this.props.readAt ?? new Date(),
+      respondedAt: new Date(),
+      ...(data !== undefined ? { data } : {}),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Dismiss the notification
+   */
+  dismiss(): Notification {
+    if (this.props.status === 'dismissed') {
+      return this; // Already dismissed
+    }
+    // Cannot dismiss action_required notifications without responding
+    if (this.props.requiresResponse && this.props.status === 'action_required') {
+      throw new NotificationDomainError('Cannot dismiss notification that requires response');
+    }
+    return new Notification({
+      ...this.props,
+      status: 'dismissed',
+      readAt: this.props.readAt ?? new Date(),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert to plain object for serialization
+   */
+  toJSON(): Omit<NotificationProps, 'id'> & { id: string } {
+    return {
+      ...this.props,
+      id: this.props.id.value,
+    };
+  }
+}

core/notifications/domain/entities/NotificationPreference.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/**
+ * Domain Entity: NotificationPreference
+ * 
+ * Represents a user's notification preferences for different channels and types.
+ */
+
+import type { IEntity } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+import type { NotificationType, NotificationChannel } from '../types/NotificationTypes';
+import { NotificationDomainError } from '../errors/NotificationDomainError';
+import { QuietHours } from '../value-objects/QuietHours';
+
+export interface ChannelPreference {
+  /** Whether this channel is enabled */
+  enabled: boolean;
+  /** Channel-specific settings (e.g., discord webhook URL, email address) */
+  settings?: Record<string, string>;
+}
+
+export interface TypePreference {
+  /** Whether notifications of this type are enabled */
+  enabled: boolean;
+  /** Which channels to use for this type (overrides global) */
+  channels?: NotificationChannel[];
+}
+
+export interface NotificationPreferenceProps {
+  /** Aggregate ID for this preference (usually same as driverId) */
+  id: string;
+  /** Driver ID this preference belongs to */
+  driverId: string;
+  /** Global channel preferences */
+  channels: Record<NotificationChannel, ChannelPreference>;
+  /** Per-type preferences (optional overrides) */
+  typePreferences?: Partial<Record<NotificationType, TypePreference>>;
+  /** Whether to receive digest emails instead of individual notifications */
+  digestMode?: boolean;
+  /** Digest frequency in hours (e.g., 24 for daily) */
+  digestFrequencyHours?: number;
+  /** Quiet hours start (0-23) */
+  quietHoursStart?: number;
+  /** Quiet hours end (0-23) */
+  quietHoursEnd?: number;
+  /** Last updated timestamp */
+  updatedAt: Date;
+}
+
+export class NotificationPreference implements IEntity<string> {
+  private constructor(private readonly props: NotificationPreferenceProps) {}
+
+  static create(
+    props: Omit<NotificationPreferenceProps, 'updatedAt'> & { updatedAt?: Date },
+  ): NotificationPreference {
+    if (!props.id) throw new NotificationDomainError('Preference ID is required');
+    if (!props.driverId) throw new NotificationDomainError('Driver ID is required');
+    if (!props.channels) throw new NotificationDomainError('Channel preferences are required');
+
+    return new NotificationPreference({
+      ...props,
+      updatedAt: props.updatedAt ?? new Date(),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create default preferences for a new user
+   */
+  static createDefault(driverId: string): NotificationPreference {
+    return new NotificationPreference({
+      id: driverId,
+      driverId,
+      channels: {
+        in_app: { enabled: true },
+        email: { enabled: false },
+        discord: { enabled: false },
+        push: { enabled: false },
+      },
+      digestMode: false,
+      updatedAt: new Date(),
+    });
+  }
+
+  get id(): string { return this.props.id; }
+  get driverId(): string { return this.props.driverId; }
+  get channels(): Record<NotificationChannel, ChannelPreference> { return { ...this.props.channels }; }
+  get typePreferences(): Partial<Record<NotificationType, TypePreference>> | undefined {
+    return this.props.typePreferences ? { ...this.props.typePreferences } : undefined;
+  }
+  get digestMode(): boolean { return this.props.digestMode ?? false; }
+  get digestFrequencyHours(): number { return this.props.digestFrequencyHours ?? 24; }
+  get quietHoursStart(): number | undefined { return this.props.quietHoursStart; }
+  get quietHoursEnd(): number | undefined { return this.props.quietHoursEnd; }
+  get updatedAt(): Date { return this.props.updatedAt; }
+
+  get quietHours(): QuietHours | undefined {
+    if (this.props.quietHoursStart === undefined || this.props.quietHoursEnd === undefined) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    return QuietHours.create(this.props.quietHoursStart, this.props.quietHoursEnd);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if a specific channel is enabled
+   */
+  isChannelEnabled(channel: NotificationChannel): boolean {
+    return this.props.channels[channel]?.enabled ?? false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if a specific notification type is enabled
+   */
+  isTypeEnabled(type: NotificationType): boolean {
+    const typePref = this.props.typePreferences?.[type];
+    return typePref?.enabled ?? true; // Default to enabled if not specified
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get enabled channels for a specific notification type
+   */
+  getEnabledChannelsForType(type: NotificationType): NotificationChannel[] {
+    // Check type-specific channel overrides
+    const typePref = this.props.typePreferences?.[type];
+    if (typePref?.channels && typePref.channels.length > 0) {
+      return typePref.channels.filter(ch => this.isChannelEnabled(ch));
+    }
+
+    // Fall back to globally enabled channels
+    return (Object.keys(this.props.channels) as NotificationChannel[])
+      .filter(ch => this.isChannelEnabled(ch));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if current time is in quiet hours
+   */
+  isInQuietHours(): boolean {
+    const quietHours = this.quietHours;
+    if (!quietHours) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const now = new Date();
+    return quietHours.containsHour(now.getHours());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update channel preference
+   */
+  updateChannel(channel: NotificationChannel, preference: ChannelPreference): NotificationPreference {
+    return new NotificationPreference({
+      ...this.props,
+      channels: {
+        ...this.props.channels,
+        [channel]: preference,
+      },
+      updatedAt: new Date(),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update type preference
+   */
+  updateTypePreference(type: NotificationType, preference: TypePreference): NotificationPreference {
+    return new NotificationPreference({
+      ...this.props,
+      typePreferences: {
+        ...this.props.typePreferences,
+        [type]: preference,
+      },
+      updatedAt: new Date(),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update quiet hours
+   */
+  updateQuietHours(start: number | undefined, end: number | undefined): NotificationPreference {
+    const props = this.toJSON();
+
+    if (start === undefined || end === undefined) {
+      delete props.quietHoursStart;
+      delete props.quietHoursEnd;
+    } else {
+      const validated = QuietHours.create(start, end);
+      props.quietHoursStart = validated.props.startHour;
+      props.quietHoursEnd = validated.props.endHour;
+    }
+
+    props.updatedAt = new Date();
+    return NotificationPreference.create(props);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Toggle digest mode
+   */
+  setDigestMode(enabled: boolean, frequencyHours?: number): NotificationPreference {
+    const props = this.toJSON();
+    props.digestMode = enabled;
+    if (frequencyHours !== undefined) {
+      props.digestFrequencyHours = frequencyHours;
+    }
+    props.updatedAt = new Date();
+    return NotificationPreference.create(props);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert to plain object for serialization
+   */
+  toJSON(): NotificationPreferenceProps {
+    return { ...this.props };
+  }
+}

core/notifications/domain/errors/NotificationDomainError.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import type { IDomainError, CommonDomainErrorKind } from '@gridpilot/shared/errors';
+
+/**
+ * Domain Error: NotificationDomainError
+ *
+ * Implements the shared IDomainError contract for notification domain failures.
+ */
+export class NotificationDomainError extends Error implements IDomainError<CommonDomainErrorKind> {
+  readonly name = 'NotificationDomainError';
+  readonly type = 'domain' as const;
+  readonly context = 'notifications';
+  readonly kind: CommonDomainErrorKind;
+ 
+  constructor(message: string, kind: CommonDomainErrorKind = 'validation') {
+    super(message);
+    this.kind = kind;
+    Object.setPrototypeOf(this, new.target.prototype);
+  }
+}

core/notifications/domain/repositories/INotificationPreferenceRepository.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/**
+ * Repository Interface: INotificationPreferenceRepository
+ * 
+ * Defines the contract for persisting and retrieving NotificationPreference entities.
+ */
+
+import type { NotificationPreference } from '../entities/NotificationPreference';
+
+export interface INotificationPreferenceRepository {
+  /**
+   * Find preferences for a driver
+   */
+  findByDriverId(driverId: string): Promise<NotificationPreference | null>;
+
+  /**
+   * Save preferences (create or update)
+   */
+  save(preference: NotificationPreference): Promise<void>;
+
+  /**
+   * Delete preferences for a driver
+   */
+  delete(driverId: string): Promise<void>;
+
+  /**
+   * Get or create default preferences for a driver
+   */
+  getOrCreateDefault(driverId: string): Promise<NotificationPreference>;
+}

core/notifications/domain/repositories/INotificationRepository.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/**
+ * Repository Interface: INotificationRepository
+ * 
+ * Defines the contract for persisting and retrieving Notification entities.
+ */
+
+import type { Notification } from '../entities/Notification';
+import type { NotificationType } from '../types/NotificationTypes';
+
+export interface INotificationRepository {
+  /**
+   * Find a notification by ID
+   */
+  findById(id: string): Promise<Notification | null>;
+
+  /**
+   * Find all notifications for a recipient
+   */
+  findByRecipientId(recipientId: string): Promise<Notification[]>;
+
+  /**
+   * Find unread notifications for a recipient
+   */
+  findUnreadByRecipientId(recipientId: string): Promise<Notification[]>;
+
+  /**
+   * Find notifications by type for a recipient
+   */
+  findByRecipientIdAndType(recipientId: string, type: NotificationType): Promise<Notification[]>;
+
+  /**
+   * Count unread notifications for a recipient
+   */
+  countUnreadByRecipientId(recipientId: string): Promise<number>;
+
+  /**
+   * Save a new notification
+   */
+  create(notification: Notification): Promise<void>;
+
+  /**
+   * Update an existing notification
+   */
+  update(notification: Notification): Promise<void>;
+
+  /**
+   * Delete a notification
+   */
+  delete(id: string): Promise<void>;
+
+  /**
+   * Delete all notifications for a recipient
+   */
+  deleteAllByRecipientId(recipientId: string): Promise<void>;
+
+  /**
+   * Mark all notifications as read for a recipient
+   */
+  markAllAsReadByRecipientId(recipientId: string): Promise<void>;
+}

core/notifications/domain/types/NotificationTypes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+/**
+ * Domain Types: NotificationChannel, NotificationType and helpers
+ *
+ * These are pure type-level/value helpers and intentionally live under domain/types
+ * rather than domain/value-objects, which is reserved for class-based value objects.
+ */
+
+export type NotificationChannel =
+  | 'in_app' // In-app notification (stored in database, shown in UI)
+  | 'email' // Email notification
+  | 'discord' // Discord webhook notification
+  | 'push'; // Push notification (future: mobile/browser)
+
+/**
+ * Get human-readable name for channel
+ */
+export function getChannelDisplayName(channel: NotificationChannel): string {
+  const names: Record<NotificationChannel, string> = {
+    in_app: 'In-App',
+    email: 'Email',
+    discord: 'Discord',
+    push: 'Push Notification',
+  };
+  return names[channel];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if channel requires external integration
+ */
+export function isExternalChannel(channel: NotificationChannel): boolean {
+  return channel !== 'in_app';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Default channels that are always enabled
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_ENABLED_CHANNELS: NotificationChannel[] = ['in_app'];
+
+/**
+ * All available channels
+ */
+export const ALL_CHANNELS: NotificationChannel[] = ['in_app', 'email', 'discord', 'push'];
+
+/**
+ * Domain Type: NotificationType
+ *
+ * Defines the types of notifications that can be sent in the system.
+ */
+
+export type NotificationType =
+  // Protest-related
+  | 'protest_filed' // A protest was filed against you
+  | 'protest_defense_requested' // Steward requests your defense
+  | 'protest_defense_submitted' // Accused submitted their defense
+  | 'protest_comment_added' // New comment on a protest you're involved in
+  | 'protest_vote_required' // You need to vote on a protest
+  | 'protest_vote_cast' // Someone voted on a protest
+  | 'protest_resolved' // Protest has been resolved
+  // Penalty-related
+  | 'penalty_issued' // A penalty was issued to you
+  | 'penalty_appealed' // Penalty appeal submitted
+  | 'penalty_appeal_resolved' // Appeal was resolved
+  // Race-related
+  | 'race_registration_open' // Race registration is now open
+  | 'race_reminder' // Race starting soon reminder
+  | 'race_results_posted' // Race results are available
+  | 'race_performance_summary' // Immediate performance summary after main race
+  | 'race_final_results' // Final results after stewarding closes
+  // League-related
+  | 'league_invite' // You were invited to a league
+  | 'league_join_request' // Someone requested to join your league
+  | 'league_join_approved' // Your join request was approved
+  | 'league_join_rejected' // Your join request was rejected
+  | 'league_role_changed' // Your role in a league changed
+  // Team-related
+  | 'team_invite' // You were invited to a team
+  | 'team_join_request' // Someone requested to join your team
+  | 'team_join_approved' // Your team join request was approved
+  // Sponsorship-related
+  | 'sponsorship_request_received' // A sponsor wants to sponsor you/your entity
+  | 'sponsorship_request_accepted' // Your sponsorship request was accepted
+  | 'sponsorship_request_rejected' // Your sponsorship request was rejected
+  | 'sponsorship_request_withdrawn' // A sponsor withdrew their request
+  | 'sponsorship_activated' // Sponsorship is now active
+  | 'sponsorship_payment_received' // Payment received for sponsorship
+  // System
+  | 'system_announcement'; // System-wide announcement
+
+/**
+ * Get human-readable title for notification type
+ */
+export function getNotificationTypeTitle(type: NotificationType): string {
+  const titles: Record<NotificationType, string> = {
+    protest_filed: 'Protest Filed',
+    protest_defense_requested: 'Defense Requested',
+    protest_defense_submitted: 'Defense Submitted',
+    protest_comment_added: 'New Comment',
+    protest_vote_required: 'Vote Required',
+    protest_vote_cast: 'Vote Cast',
+    protest_resolved: 'Protest Resolved',
+    penalty_issued: 'Penalty Issued',
+    penalty_appealed: 'Penalty Appealed',
+    penalty_appeal_resolved: 'Appeal Resolved',
+    race_registration_open: 'Registration Open',
+    race_reminder: 'Race Reminder',
+    race_results_posted: 'Results Posted',
+    race_performance_summary: 'Performance Summary',
+    race_final_results: 'Final Results',
+    league_invite: 'League Invitation',
+    league_join_request: 'Join Request',
+    league_join_approved: 'Request Approved',
+    league_join_rejected: 'Request Rejected',
+    league_role_changed: 'Role Changed',
+    team_invite: 'Team Invitation',
+    team_join_request: 'Team Join Request',
+    team_join_approved: 'Team Request Approved',
+    sponsorship_request_received: 'Sponsorship Request',
+    sponsorship_request_accepted: 'Sponsorship Accepted',
+    sponsorship_request_rejected: 'Sponsorship Rejected',
+    sponsorship_request_withdrawn: 'Sponsorship Withdrawn',
+    sponsorship_activated: 'Sponsorship Active',
+    sponsorship_payment_received: 'Payment Received',
+    system_announcement: 'Announcement',
+  };
+  return titles[type];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get priority level for notification type (higher = more urgent)
+ */
+export function getNotificationTypePriority(type: NotificationType): number {
+  const priorities: Record<NotificationType, number> = {
+    protest_filed: 8,
+    protest_defense_requested: 9,
+    protest_defense_submitted: 6,
+    protest_comment_added: 4,
+    protest_vote_required: 8,
+    protest_vote_cast: 3,
+    protest_resolved: 7,
+    penalty_issued: 9,
+    penalty_appealed: 7,
+    penalty_appeal_resolved: 7,
+    race_registration_open: 5,
+    race_reminder: 8,
+    race_results_posted: 5,
+    race_performance_summary: 9, // High priority - immediate race feedback
+    race_final_results: 7, // Medium-high priority - final standings
+    league_invite: 6,
+    league_join_request: 5,
+    league_join_approved: 7,
+    league_join_rejected: 7,
+    league_role_changed: 6,
+    team_invite: 5,
+    team_join_request: 4,
+    team_join_approved: 6,
+    sponsorship_request_received: 7,
+    sponsorship_request_accepted: 8,
+    sponsorship_request_rejected: 6,
+    sponsorship_request_withdrawn: 5,
+    sponsorship_activated: 7,
+    sponsorship_payment_received: 8,
+    system_announcement: 10,
+  };
+  return priorities[type];
+}

core/notifications/domain/value-objects/NotificationId.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+import { NotificationDomainError } from '../errors/NotificationDomainError';
+
+export interface NotificationIdProps {
+  value: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Value Object: NotificationId
+ *
+ * Encapsulates the unique identifier for a notification and
+ * enforces basic invariants (non-empty trimmed string).
+ */
+export class NotificationId implements IValueObject<NotificationIdProps> {
+  public readonly props: NotificationIdProps;
+
+  private constructor(value: string) {
+    this.props = { value };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Factory with validation.
+   * - Trims input.
+   * - Requires a non-empty value.
+   */
+  static create(raw: string): NotificationId {
+    const value = raw.trim();
+
+    if (!value) {
+      throw new NotificationDomainError('Notification ID must be a non-empty string', 'validation');
+    }
+
+    return new NotificationId(value);
+  }
+
+  get value(): string {
+    return this.props.value;
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<NotificationIdProps>): boolean {
+    return this.props.value === other.props.value;
+  }
+}

core/notifications/domain/value-objects/QuietHours.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import type { IValueObject } from '@gridpilot/shared/domain';
+import { NotificationDomainError } from '../errors/NotificationDomainError';
+
+export interface QuietHoursProps {
+  startHour: number;
+  endHour: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Value Object: QuietHours
+ *
+ * Encapsulates a daily quiet-hours window using 0-23 hour indices and
+ * provides logic to determine whether a given hour falls within the window.
+ *
+ * Supports both normal ranges (start < end) and overnight ranges (start > end).
+ */
+export class QuietHours implements IValueObject<QuietHoursProps> {
+  public readonly props: QuietHoursProps;
+
+  private constructor(startHour: number, endHour: number) {
+    this.props = { startHour, endHour };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Factory with validation.
+   * - Hours must be integers between 0 and 23.
+   * - Start and end cannot be equal (would mean a 0-length window).
+   */
+  static create(startHour: number, endHour: number): QuietHours {
+    QuietHours.assertValidHour(startHour, 'Start hour');
+    QuietHours.assertValidHour(endHour, 'End hour');
+
+    if (startHour === endHour) {
+      throw new NotificationDomainError('Quiet hours start and end cannot be the same', 'validation');
+    }
+
+    return new QuietHours(startHour, endHour);
+  }
+
+  private static assertValidHour(value: number, label: string): void {
+    if (!Number.isInteger(value)) {
+      throw new NotificationDomainError(`${label} must be an integer between 0 and 23`, 'validation');
+    }
+    if (value < 0 || value > 23) {
+      throw new NotificationDomainError(`${label} must be between 0 and 23`, 'validation');
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the given hour (0-23) lies within the quiet window.
+   */
+  containsHour(hour: number): boolean {
+    QuietHours.assertValidHour(hour, 'Hour');
+
+    const { startHour, endHour } = this.props;
+
+    if (startHour < endHour) {
+      // Normal range (e.g., 22:00 to 23:59 is NOT this case, but 1:00 to 7:00 is)
+      return hour >= startHour && hour < endHour;
+    }
+
+    // Overnight range (e.g., 22:00 to 07:00)
+    return hour >= startHour || hour < endHour;
+  }
+
+  equals(other: IValueObject<QuietHoursProps>): boolean {
+    return (
+      this.props.startHour === other.props.startHour &&
+      this.props.endHour === other.props.endHour
+    );
+  }
+}